2020届二轮复习阅读理解训练（55）

2020届二轮复习阅读理解训练（55）

阅读理解训练（55）‎ Passage 1‎ ‎　　American cities are similar to other cities around the world. In every country cities reflect the values of the culture. Cities contain the very best aspects of a society: opportunities for education employment and entertainment. They also contain the very worst parts of a society: violent crime racial conflict and poverty. American cities are changing just as American society is changing. 　　After World War II city residents became wealthier more prosperous. They had more children. They needed more space. They move out of their apartments in the city to buy their own homes. They bought houses in the suburbs areas near a city where people live. These are areas without many offices or factories. During the 1950s the American “dream” was to have a house in the suburbs. 　　Now things are changing. The children of the people who left the cities in 1950s are now adults. They unlike their parents want to live in the cities. Many young professionals doctors lawyers and executives are moving back into the city. Many are single; others are married but often without children. They prefer the city to the suburbs because their jobs are there; they are afraid of the fuel shortage; or they just enjoy the excitement and opportunities which the city offers.‎ This population shift is bringing problems as well as benefits. Countless poor people must leave their apartments in the city because the owners want to sell the buildings or make apartments for sale instead of for rent. In the 1950s, many poor people did not have enough money to move to the suburbs; now many of these people do not have enough money to stay in the cities.‎ ‎ Only a few years ago, people thought that the older American cities were dying. Some city residents now see a bright , new future .Others see only problems and conflicts. One thing is sure：many dying cities are alive again.‎ ‎1.What does the author think of cities all over the world ?‎ ‎ A. They are alive . B. They are hopeless.‎ ‎ C. They are similar D. They are different.‎ ‎2.Why did American city residents want to live in the suburbs after World War Ⅱ?‎ ‎ A. Because older American cities were dying.‎ ‎ B. Because they were richer and needed more space.‎ ‎ C. Because cities contained the worst parts of society.‎ ‎ D. Because they could hardly afford to live in the city.‎ ‎3. According to the 4th paragragh, a great many poor people in American cities （ ） ‎ ‎ A. are faced with housing problems ‎ B. are faced to move to the suburbs ‎ C. want to sell their buildings ‎ D. need more money for daily expenses ‎4. We can conclude from the text that ( )‎ ‎ A. American cities are changing for the wors ‎ ‎ B. people have different views on American cities ‎ ‎ C. many people are now moving from American cities ‎ ‎ D. the population is decreasing in older American cities ‎ 答案： CBAB Passage 2‎ Forget Twitter and Facebook, Google and the Kindle. Television is still the most influential medium around. Indeed ,for many of the poorest regions(地区)of the world, it remains the next big thing——finally becomes globally available. And that is a good thing, because the TV revolution is changing lives for the better.‎ Across the developing world, around 45% of families had a TV in 1995; by 2005 the number had climbed above 60%. That is some way behind the U.S.‎ , where are more TVs than people, and where people now easily get access to the Internet. Five million more families in sub-Saharan Africa will get a TV over the next five years. In 2005 , after the fall of the Taliban（塔利班）,which had outlawed TV, ‎1 in 5 Afghans had one. The global total is another 150 million by 2013——pushing the numbers to well beyond two thirds of families.‎ Television’s most powerful effect will be on the lives of women. In India, researchers Robert Jensen and Emily Oster found that when TVs reached villages, women were more likely to go to the market without their husbands’ approval and less likely to want a boy rather than a girl. They were more likely to make decisions over child health care. TV is also a powerful medium for adult education. In the Indian state of Gujarat, Chitrageet is a popular show that plays Bollywood songs with words in Gujarati on the screen. Within six months, viewers had made a small but significant(有意义的) improvement in their reading skills.‎ Too much TV has been associated with violence, overweight and loneliness. However, TV is having a positive influence on the lives of billions worldwide.‎ ‎5. The underlined word “outlawed” in paragraph 2 probably means “ ”.‎ ‎ A. allowed B. banned C. offered D. refused ‎6.Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?‎ ‎ A. Americans used to get access to the Internet easily.‎ ‎ B. The world’s TV sets will total 150 million by 2013.‎ ‎ C.45% of families in the developing countries had a TV in 2005.‎ ‎ D. Over two thirds of families in the world will have a TV by 2013.‎ ‎7. The author intends to .‎ ‎ A. stress the advantages of TV to people’s lives ‎ ‎ B. persuade women to become more independent ‎ ‎ C. encourage people to improve their reading skills ‎ ‎ D. introduce the readers some websites such as Google ‎ ‎8.What would be the best title for the passage?‎ ‎ A.TV Will Rule the World B.TV Will Disturb the World ‎ ‎ C.TV Will Better the World D.TV Will Remain in World 答案： BDAC Passage 3‎ Businesses are witnessing a difficult time, which has in turn produced influence on consumers’ desire to go green. However, shoppers are still laying stress on environmental concerns.‎ Two thirds of customers say that environmental considerations inform their purchases to the same degree as they did a year ago, while more than a quarter say that they are now even better aware of the environmental effect on what they buy.‎ This may help to influence how shops store goods on their shelves. And the companies should still make efforts to become more environmentally friendly. Two out of three people think it is important to buy from environmentally responsible companies, with about one in seven saying that they had even decided to take their custom elsewhere if they felt a company’s environmental reputation was not good enough.‎ Harry Morrison, chief executive（主管）of the Carbon Trust, sympathizes：“I understand this situation where survival is very important now. But from environmental considerations, the clock is ticking—we don’t have much time. In addition, cutting carbon has an immediate effect as costs drop and a medium-term benefit for the brand.”‎ Larger companies have an extra motivation to look at reducing their carbon footprint, as new rules next year will require businesses to buy carbon allowances to make up for their emissions（排放）. Those that have taken early action will have a head start. More than two thirds of consumers are not clear about which companies are environmentally responsible. This suggests that firms that are able to relay clearly their message to the public will be in a pole position to attract shoppers.‎ The Carbon Trust believes that it can help by informing customers about the good work companies are doing. “When companies are granted（授予）the standard, they can use a logo（标识）in all their marketing which makes it clear that they are working towards cutting emissions,” Mr. Morrison said. ‎ ‎9．What’s the main idea of the passage?‎ A．Businesses are finding ways to send their message to the shoppers.‎ B．Companies will soon get information about cutting carbon emissions.‎ C．Firms are making efforts to encourage customers to keep goods at home.‎ D．Firms are urged to cut carbon emissions by shoppers’ environmental awareness.‎ ‎10．The underlined word “inform” in Paragraph 2 probably means“ ”.‎ A．affect B．change C．disturb D．reject ‎11．According to Harry Morrison, businesses .‎ A．will benefit from cutting carbon emissions B．should buy carbon allowances for shoppers C．are required to make up for their carbon emissions D．have encouraged shoppers to take their custom elsewhere ‎12 ．We can learn from the passage that businesses will .‎ A．have a strong desire to reduce costs B．use the same logo in their marketing C．gain advantages by taking early action D．attract more shoppers by storing goods 答案：DAAC Passage 4‎ In the United States, there were some well-constructed houses for native Indians, ranging from the simple brush shelter to the five-storied pueblo.‎ ‎ In the eastern United States, one of the existing types was that commonly know under the Algonkian name of wigwam in which the Iroquois Indians lived. The wigwams were of wagon-top shape with straight sides and ends, made by bending young trees to form the round shape. Over this shape pieces of tree bark were laid to protect the Indians from bad weather. Over the bark dried grass was added. A small hole allowed smoke to escape from the top. Doorways at each end served also as windows, The Iroquois Indians built trunk walls all around their villages. The wall had only one opening, They could quickly close this opening if their enemies came near.‎ ‎ Interestingly, the Choctaw Indians in Mississippi also lived in a wigwam of a most primitive(原始的) construction, but different from those of the Iroquois Indians. The Choctaw Indians’ wigwams, made from mud, cane and straw, were in the form of a bee-hive. The covering was made of a long, tough grass. A post in the centre supported the roof. A hole in the top admitted the light, and allowed the smoke to pass out.‎ ‎ The tipi tent-housing of the upper lake and plains area was put up with poles set lightly in the ground, tied together near the top, and covered with bark and grass in the lake country. It was easily portable, and two women could set it up or take it down within an hour.‎ ‎ The Pawnee, Mandan and other Indian tribes (部落) along the Missouri built solid ring-shaped structures of trunk, covered with earth and dried grass, housing a dozen families.‎ ‎ The Wichita and other tribes of the Texas border built large ring-shaped houses covered with dried grass.‎ ‎ Apart from the regular housing, almost every tribe had some style of housing.‎ ‎13.Which of the following pictures shows the house for the Iroquois Indians？‎ ‎14. According to the passage, the Pawnee Indians built their houses _____.‎ A. with openings in the trunk walls B. large enough for several families ‎ C. in a ring shape with bark and mud D. by bending young trees to form the shape ‎15. All the native Indian houses described in the passage were_____.‎ A. of the same shape B. covered with grass ‎ C. built with a post in the centre D. built with doorways at each end ‎ ‎16. The passage suggests that ________‎ A. all the native Indians built trunk walls all around their houses ‎ B. all the native Indian houses were built with poles tied together C. the Iroquois Indians took safety into account while building their wigwams ‎ D. the Choctaw Indians in Mississippi built their wigwams with straight sides and ends 答案 ABBC Passage 5‎ Usually, when your teacher asks a question, there is only one correct answer. But there is one question that has millions of current answers. That question is “What’s your name?” Everyone gives a different answer, but everyone is correct.‎ Have you ever wondered about people’s names? Where do they come from? What do they mean?‎ People’s first names, or given names, are chosen by their parents. Sometimes the name of a grandparent or other member of the family is used. Some parents choose the name of a well-known person. A boy could be named George Washington Smith; a girl could be named Helen Keller Jones.‎ Some people give their children names that mean good things. Clara means “bright”; Beatrice means “one who gives happiness”; Donald means “world ruler”; Leonard means “as ‎ brave as a lion”.‎ The earliest last names, or surnames, were taken from place names. A family with the name Brook or Brooks probably lived near brook(小溪)；someone who was called Longstreet probably lived on a long, paved road. The Greenwood family lived in or near a leafy forest.‎ Other early surnames came from people’s occupations. The most common occupational name is Smith, which means a person who makes things with iron or other metals. In the past, smiths were very important workers in every town and village. Some other occupational names are: Carter — a person who owned or drove a cart; Potter —a person who made pots and pans.‎ The ancestors of the Baker family probably baked bread for their neighbors in their native village. The Carpenter’s great-great-great-grandfather probably built houses and furniture.‎ Sometimes people were known for the color of their hair or skin, or their size, or their special abilities. When there were two men who were named John in the same village, the John with the gray hair probably became John Gray. Or the John was very tall could call himself John Tallman. John Fish was probably an excellent swimmer and John Lightfoot was probably a fast runner or a good dancer.‎ Some family names were made by adding something to the father’s name. English-speaking people added –s or –son. The Johnsons are descendants of John; the Roberts family’s ancestor was Robert. Irish and Scottish people added Mac or Mc or O. Perhaps all of the MacDonnells and the McDonnells and the O’Donnells are descendants of the same Donnell.‎ ‎17. Which of the following aspects do the surnames in the passage NOT cover?‎ A. Places where people lived. ‎ B. People’s characters.‎ C. Talents that people possessed. ‎ D. People’s occupations.‎ 选B，根据文中4,5,6三段可知只有B选项未提及 ‎18. According to the passage, the ancestors of the Potter family most probably _______.‎ A. owned or drove a cart ‎ B. made things with metals C. made kitchen tools or contains ‎ D. built houses and furniture 选C文中第六段potter-a person who made pots and pans,可知potter 意为一个制作茶壶和平底锅的人，由此推断选C ‎19. Suppose and English couple whose ancestors lived near a leafy forest wanted their new-born son to become a world leader, the baby might be named _______.‎ A. Beatrice Smith ‎ B. Leonard Carter C. George Longstreet ‎ D. Donald Greenwood 选D根据文中倒数第2段可知一些人取名是根据特征而来。比如灰色头发的人取名john Gray，‎ 高个的人取名john Tallman.所以根据题意，居住在森林旁边的人取名为Donald Greenwood ‎20. The underlined word “descendants” in the last paragraph means a person’s _____.‎ A. later generations ‎ B. friends and relatives C. colleagues and partners ‎ D. later sponsors 选A 根据最后一段第一二行“some family names were made by adding something to the father’s name.The Johnsons are descendants of John可知descendants指的是后代 Passage 6‎ EDGEWOOD—Every morning at Dixie Heights High school, customers pour into a special experiment :the district’s first coffee shop run mostly by students with special learning needs.‎ Well before classes start, students and teachers order Lattes, Cappuccinos and Hot Chocolates. Then, during the first period, teachers call in orders on their room phones, and students make deliveries.‎ By closing time at ‎9.20 a.m. , the shop usually sells 90drinks.‎ ‎“whoever made the chi tea, Ms. Schatzman says it was good, ”Christy McKinley , a second year student , announced recently, after hanging up with the teacher.‎ The shop is called the Dixie PIT, which stands for Power in Transition. Although some of the students are not disabled, many are, and the PIT helps them prepare for life after high school. ‎ They learn not only how to run a coffee shop but also how to deal with their affairs. They keep a timecard and receive paychecks , which they keep in check registers.‎ Special-education teachers Kim Chevalier and Sue Casey introduced the Dixie PIT from a similar program at Kennesaw Mountain High School in Georgia.‎ Not that it was easy. Chevalier’s first problem to overcome was product-related. Should schools be selling coffee? What about sugar content?‎ Kenton County Food Service Director Ginger Gray helped. She made sure all the drinks, which use non-fat milk, fell within nutrition（营养）guidelines.‎ The whole school has joined in to help.‎ Teachers agreed to give up their lounge(休息室)in the morning. Art students painted the name of the shop on the wall. Business students designed the paychecks. The basketball team helped pay for cups. ‎ ‎21.What is the text mainly about？‎ ‎ A.A best-selling coffee.‎ ‎ B.A special educational program.‎ ‎ C. Government support for schools.‎ ‎ D.A new type of teacher-student relationship.‎ ‎22.The Dixie PIT program was introduced in order to .‎ ‎ A. raise money for school affairs ‎ B. do some research on nutrition ‎ C. develop students’ practical skills ‎ D. supply teachers with drinks ‎23.How did Christy McKinley know Ms. Schatzman’s opinion of the chi tea？‎ ‎ A. She met her in the shop.‎ ‎ B. She heard her telling others.‎ ‎ C. She talked to her on the phone.‎ ‎ D .She went to her office to deliver the tea.‎ ‎24.We know from the text that Ginger Gray .‎ ‎ A. manages the Dixie PIT program in ‎Kenton‎ ‎County ‎ B. sees that the drinks meet health standards ‎ C. teaches at ‎Dixie‎ Heights ‎High School ‎ D. owns the school’s coffee shop 答案：‎ ‎21.选B。考查文章主题大意。主要看首段customers pour into a special experiment: the district's first coffee shop run mostly by students with special learning needs和第五段最后the PIT helps them prepare for life after high school.文章主要讲的是一个特殊的教育项目。‎ ‎22.选C。第五和第六段说明这个教育项目是为学生走出社会做准备的，所以主要是锻炼学生的实际动手能力。‎ ‎23.选C。第四段，考查hang up的意思“挂电话”。‎ ‎24.选B。倒数第三段。‎ Passage 7‎ They wear the latest fashions with the most up-to-date accessorise(配饰).Yet these are girls in their teens or twenties but women in their sixties and seventies.A gengration which would once only wear old-fashioned clothes is now favouring the same high street looks worn by those half their age.‎ Professor Julia Twigg, a social policy expert , said ,“Women over 75 are now shopping for clothes more frequently than they did when they were young in the 1960s .In the 1960s buying a coat for a woman was a serious matter . It was an expensive item that they would purchase only every three or four years — now you can pick one up at the supermarket whenever you wish to .Fashion is a lot cheaper and people get tired of things more quickly . ”‎ Professor Twigg analysed family expending（支出）data and found that while the percentage of spending on clothes and shoes by women had stayed around the same—and 5 or 6 per cent of spending—the amount of clothes bought had risen sharply.‎ The professor said,“Clothes are now ‎70 ‎per cent cheaper than they were in the 1960s because of the huge expansion of production in the Far East.In the 1960s Leeds was the heart of the British fashion industry and that was where most of the clothes came from,but now almost all of our ‎ clothes are sourced elsewhere.Everyone is buying more clothes but in general we are not spending more money on them.”‎ Fashion designer Angela Barnard ,who runs her own fashion business in London ,said older women were much more affected by celebrity(名流) style than in previous years .‎ She said ,“When people see stars such as Judi Dench and Helen Mirren looking attractive and fashionable in their sixties ,they want to follow them . Older women are much more aware of celebrities .There’s also the boom in TV programmes showing people how they can change their look,and many of my older customers do yoga to stay in shape well in their fifties . When I started my business a few years ago .my older customers tended to be very rich, but now they are what I would call ordinary women .My own mother is 61 and she wears the latest fashions in a way she would never have done ten years ago.”‎ ‎25. Professor Twigg found that ,compared with the 1960s,_______.‎ A. the price of clothes has generally fallen by 70%‎ B. the spending on clothes has increased by 5% or 6%‎ C. people spend 30% less than they did on clothes D. the amount of chothes bought has risen by 5% or 6%‎ ‎26. What can we learn about old women in terms of fashion？‎ A.They are often ignored by fashion designers .‎ B. They are now more easily influenced by stars .‎ C. They are regarded as pioneers in the latest fashion .‎ D. They are more interested in clothes because of their old age .‎ ‎27. It can be concluded that old women tend to wear the latest fashions today mainly because ‎ A. they get tired of things more quickly B.TV shows teach them how to change their look ‎ C. they are in much better shape now ‎ D. clothes are much cheaper than before ‎ ‎28. Which is the best possible title of the passage ?‎ A. Age Is No Barrier for Fashion Fans ‎ B.The More Fashionable ,the Less Expensive C.Unexpected Changes in Fashion D.Boom of the British Fashion Industry 答案：ABDA Passage 8‎ This brief book is aimed at high school students , but speaks to anyone learning at any stage of life.‎ ‎ Its formal ,serious style closely matches its content ,a school-masterly book on schooling .The author , W .H . Armstrong ,starts with the basics : reading and writing . In his opinion , reading doesn’t just mean recognizing each word on the page ; it means taking in the information,digesting ‎ it and incorporating it into oneself just as one digests a sandwich and makes it a part of himself .The goal is to bring the information back to life , not just to treat it as dead facts on paper from dead trees . Reading and writing cannot be completely separated from each other ; in fact ,the aim of reading is to express the information you have got from the text .I’ve seen it again and again ：some-one who can’t express an idea after reading a text is just as ineffective as someone who hasn’t read it at all.‎ Only a third of the book remains after that discussion ,which Armstrong devotes to specific tips for studying languages ,math , science and history . He generally handles these topics thoroughly(透彻地) and equally ,except for some weakness in the science and math sections and a bit too much passion(激情) regarding history to his students , that was a hundred times more than my history teachers ever got across .To my disappointment , in this part of the book he ignores the arts .As a matter of fact ,they demand all the concentration and study that math and science do,though the study differs slightly in kind .Although it’s commonly believed that the arts can only be naturally acquired ,actually ,learning the arts is no more natural than learning French or mathematics.‎ My other comment is that the text aged. The first edition apparently dates to the 1960s—none of the references(参考文献)seem newer than the late 1950s. As a result, the discussion misses the entire computer age.‎ These are small points, though, and don’t affect the main discussion. I recommend it to any student and any teacher, including the self-taught student.‎ ‎29. According to Armstrong, the goal of reading is to________.‎ ‎ A. gain knowledge and expand one’s view ‎ B. understand the meaning between the lines ‎ C. experts ideas based on what one has read ‎ D. get information and keep it alive in memory ‎30. The author of the passage insists that learning the arts_________.‎ ‎ A. requires great efforts ‎ B. demands real passion ‎ C. is less natural than learning maths ‎ D. is as natural as learning a language ‎31. What is a shortcoming of Armstrong’s work according to the author?‎ ‎ A. Some ideas are slightly contradictory.‎ ‎ B. There is too much discussion on studying science.‎ ‎ C. The style is too serious.‎ ‎ D. It lacks new information.‎ ‎32. This passage can be classified as________.‎ ‎ A. an advertisement ‎ B. a book review ‎ C. a feature story ‎ D. A news report 答案：CADB ‎ Passage 9‎ Kong Zi , also called Confucius (551-479 B.C) , and Socrates (469-399 B. C) lived only a hundred years apart , and during their lifetimes there was no contact between China and Greece, but it is interesting to look at how the world that each of these great philosophers came from shaped their ideas , and how these ideas in turn ,shaped their societies.‎ Neither philosopher lived in times of peace, though there were more wars un Greece than in China. The Chinese states were very large and feudal, while the Greek city-states were small and urban. The urban environment in which Socrates lived allowed him to be more radical than Confucius. Unlike Confucius, Socrates was not asked by rules how to govern effectively. Thus, Socrates was able to be more idealistic, focusing on issues like freedom, and knowledge for its own sake. Confucius, on the other hand, advised those in government service, and many of his students went out to government service.‎ Confucius suggested the Golden Rule as a principle for the conduct of life:” Do not do to others what you would not want others to do to you.” He assumed that all men were equal at birth, though some bad more potential than others, and that it was knowledge that set men apart. Socrates focused on the individual, and thought that the greatest purpose of man was to seek wisdom. He believed that the superior class should rule the inferior(下层的)classes.‎ For Socrates, the family was of no importance, and the community of little concern. For Confucius, however, the family was the centre of the society, with family relations considered much more important than political relations.‎ Both men are respected much more today than they were in their lifetimes.‎ ‎33. Which of the following is TURE according to the first paragraph?‎ A. Socrates and Confucius had much in common,‎ B. Confucius had much influence on Socrates’ ideas.‎ C. The societies ware influenced by the philosophers’ ideas.‎ D. There were cultural exchanges between China and Greece.‎ 答案：C 考点：细节理解。‎ 题目: 从第一段中得出以下哪一个是正确的？‎ A: 孔子和苏格拉底有很多共同之处 B: 孔子对于苏格拉底的观念起了很大影响 C: 社会被哲学家的观念所影响 D:在中国和希腊之间有文化交流 解析： 从文中第一段最后一句的后半句得出答案。文中说到两位哲学家孔子和苏格拉底，世界影响了他们哲学观念的塑造，同样他们的观念也影响了他们的社会。C选项最符合文意，‎ ABC选项原文均未提及。‎ ‎34. Socrates shared with Confucius the idea that .‎ A. all men were equal when they were born B. the lower classed should be ruled by the upper class C. the purpose of man was to seek freedom and wisdom 高考资源网 D. people should not ask others to do what they did not want to 答案：B 考点：细节理解 题目: 苏格拉斯与孔子一致的观念是？‎ A: 众生平等 B:下层阶级应该被上层阶级管理 C: 人的目标就是追求自由和智慧 D: 己所不欲，勿施于人 解析： 第三段最后一句得出答案。ABC选项均是在陈述孔子的观点，只有B选项是在说苏格拉底的哲学理念。像孔夫子一样，苏格拉底相信上层阶级应该统治下层阶级。‎ ‎ 35. What made some people different from others according to Confucius?‎ A. Family. B. Potential. C. Knowledge. D. Community.‎ 答案：C 考点：细节理解 题目: 根据孔子所述，什么使众生彼此不相同？‎ A:家庭 B: 潜能 C: 知识 D: 社团 解析：从文中第三段第二句得出答案。孔子认为人出生时都是平等的，虽然有些人有过人的潜能，是知识使人与人之间不相同。‎ ‎ 36. This passage is organized in the pattern of ,‎ A. time and events B. comparison and contrast C. cause and effect D. definition and classification 答案：B 考点：篇章结构理解题 题目: 文章是以什么结构组织展开？‎ A: 时间和事件 B: 比较和对照 C: 起因和结果 D: 定义和分类 解析：本篇文章通篇采用对比的手法，将孔子和苏格拉底在哲学观念上的相同以及不同之处进行比较论述。故选择B选项。‎ Passage 10‎ I hated dinner parties. But I decided to give them another shot because I'm in London. And my friend Mallery invited me. And because dinner parties in London are very different from those back in New York. There, '“I’m having a dinner party' means: "I'm booking a table for 12 at a restaurant you can't afford and we'll be sharing the checque evenly, no matter what you eat." Worse, in Manhattan there is always someone who leaves before the bill arrives. They'll throw down cash, half of what they owe, and then people like me, who don’t drink, end up paying even more. But if I try to use the same trick, the hostess will shout: "Where are you going?" And it's not like I can say I have somewhere to go: everyone know I have nowhere to go.‎ ‎ But in London, dinner parties are in people's homes. Not only that, the guests are an interesting mix. The last time I went to one, the guests were from France, India. Denmark and Nigeria; it was like a gathering at the United Nations in New York. The mix is less striking. It's like a gathering at Bloomingdale's, a well-known department store.‎ For New Yorkers, talking about other parts of the world means Brooklyn and Queens in New York. But at Mallery's, when I said that I had been to Myanmar recently, people knew where it was. In New York people would think it was a usual new club ‎37. What does the word "shot" in Paragraph 1 probably mean?‎ ‎ A. Choice. B. Try C. Style. D. Goal ‎37. B。词义猜测题。从第一句的hate，到but意义上的转折，说明尽管不喜欢，还是要“尝试一下”，所以try的意思更接近shot。‎ ‎ 38. What does the writer dislike most about dinner parties in New York?‎ ‎ A There is a strange mix of people. B. The restaurants are expensive.‎ ‎ C. The bill is not fairly shared. D. People have to pay cash ‎38. C。细节理解题。根据第一段中They'll throw down cash, half of what they owe, and then people like me, who don’t drink, end up paying even more.可知类似作者这样的人在纽约吃饭吃亏，因为付钱多。‎ ‎39. What does the author think of the parties in London?‎ ‎ A. A bit unusual B．Full of tricks. C．Less costly. D More interesting.‎ ‎39. D。 推理判断题。根据第二段和其中的句子Not only that, the guests are an interesting mix.可以推断伦敦的party要比纽约的有趣。‎ ‎40. What is the author's opinion of some New Yorkers from her experience？‎ ‎ A. Easy-going. B. Self-centred. C. Generous. D. Conservative.‎ ‎40. B。推理判断题。从最后一段的talking about other parts of the world means Brooklyn and Queens in New York.和In New York people would think it was a usual new club 可以推断，作者对一些纽约人的看法，是“以自我为中心的”。‎ Passage 11‎ How words came into being is unknown.All we assume is that some early men invented cortain sounds,in one way or another,to express thoughts and feelings,actions and things,so that they could talk with each other.Later they agreed upon certain signs,called letters,which could be ‎ put together to show those sounds,and which could be written down.Those sounds,whether spoken or written in letters,are called words.‎ The power of words,then,lies in their associations-the things they bring up to our minds.Words become filled with meaning for us by experience;and the longer we live,the more certain words bring back to us the happy and sad events of our past;and the more we read and learn,the more the number of words that mean something to us increases.‎ Great writers are those who not only have great thoughts but also express these thoughts in words which have powerful effects on our minds and feelings.This clever use of words is what we call literary style.Above all,the real poet is a master of words.He can express his meaning in words which sing like music,and which by their position and association can move men to tears.We should therefore learn to choose our words carefully and use then correctly,or they will make our speech silly and common.‎ ‎41.We learn from the text that language might have begun with( )‎ A．expressions B．actions C．signs D．sounds ‎42.What is mainly discussed in Faragraph 2?‎ A．The ……of new words B．The importance of old words C．The relation of human experience with words ‎ D．The gradual change and development of words ‎43.In the last paragraph,what does the anthor suggest that we should do?‎ A．Use words skilfully B．Make musical speeches ‎ C．Learn poems by heart D．Associate with listeners ‎【答案】阅读理解是一篇说明文，阐述文字的起源和运用。给我们呈现了文字从起源到现在对我们生活、思想和智慧发展的影响。建议巧妙运动和注意遣词，促进文字的发展。‎ ‎41. 答案：D 考点：作出简单判断和推理 解析：文中第一段的第二句 “All we assume is that some early men invented cortain sounds,in one way or another…”作出了提示。说明sounds很可能是最初的语言雏形 ‎42. 答案：C 考点：段落主旨概括 解析：第二段首句 “The power of words,then,lies in their associations-the things they bring up to our minds.”The relation等同于文中的associations ‎43. 答案：A 考点：理解作者的意图和态度，理解主旨要义 “We should therefore learn to choose our words carefully and use then correctly,or they will make our speech silly and common.作者所举例证及用词的感情色彩可知，作者鼓励我们用词的技巧，如同文学作品，诗文等一样，要注重遣词。‎ Passage 12‎ Stop Spam When I first got an e-mail account ten years ago, I received communications only from ‎ family, friends, and colleagues. Now it seems that every time I check my e-mail, I have an endless series of advertisements and other correspondence that do not interest me at all. If we want e-mail to continue to be useful, we need specific laws that make spamming(发送垃圾邮件) a crime.‎ If lawmakers do not do something soon to prohibit spam, the problem will certainly get much worse. Computer programs allow spammers to send hundreds of millions of e-mails almost instantly. As more and more advertisers turn to spam to sell their products, individual(个人的) e-mail boxes are often flooded with spam e-mails. Would people continue to use e-mail if they had to deal with an annoying amount of spam each time?‎ This problem is troubling for individuals and companies as well. Many spam e-mails contain computer viruses that can shut down the entire network of a company. Companies rely on e-mail for their employees to communicate with each other. Spam frequently causes failures in their local communications networks, and their employees are thus unable to communicate effectively. Such a situation results in a loss of productivity and requires companies to repeatedly repair their networks. These computer problems raise production costs of companies, which are, in the end, passes on to the consumer.‎ For these reasons, I believe that lawmakers need to legislate (立法) against spam. Spammers should be fined, and perhaps sent to prison if they continue to disturb people. E-mail is a tool which helps people all over the world to communicate conveniently, but spam is destroying this convenience.‎ ‎44.What does the underlined word “correspondence” in the Paragraph 1 probably mean? ‎ ‎ A. messages B. ideas C. connections D. programs ‎45. According to the text, what is the major cause of the flooding spam? ‎ ‎ A. Companies rely on e-mail for communications.‎ B. More people in the world communicate by e-mail.‎ C. Many computer viruses contain spam e-mail.‎ D. More advertisers begin to promote sales through spam.‎ ‎46. According to Paragraph 3, who is the final victim of spam? ‎ ‎ A. The business B. The advertiser ‎ ‎ C. The employee D. The consumer ‎ ‎47. What is the purpose of the text?‎ ‎ A. To inform B. To educate C. To persuade D. To instruct 答案：‎ ‎44.A。【解析】词义猜测题。根据本文中的e-mail一词以及endless series of advertisements可以推断出correspondence在此处意思是：信件，垃圾邮件，由此可知本题选A。‎ ‎45.D。【解析】推理判断题。由第二自然段中的As more and more advertisers turn to spam to sell their products, individual e-mail boxes are often flooded with spam e-mails.一句可知本题选D。‎ ‎46.D。【解析】推理判断题。根据本段的最后一句可知本题选D。‎ ‎47.C ‎。【解析】推理判断题。通读全文可知本文作者摆出了垃圾邮件的危害，其目的是说服立法人员尽快出台法律阻止垃圾邮件的蔓延，故本题选C。‎ Passage 13‎ Humans are naturally drawn to other life forms and the worlds outside of our own. We take delight in the existence of creatures and even whole societies beyond our everyday lives.‎ This sense of wonder is universal. Look at the efforts that scientists have made to find out whether life of some kind exists on Mars, and the popularity of fantasy(幻想) literature or movies like The Lord of the Rings. This sense of wonder draws us to each other, to the world around us, and to the world of make-believe. But have we gone so far in creating worlds of fantasy that we are missing the pleasure of other worlds that already exist all around us?‎ Human beings, as biologists have suggested, possess an inborn desire to connect with and understand other life forms. However, people, especially in big cities, often lead rather isolated lives. In a study of British schoolchildren, it was found that children by age eight were much more familiar with characters from television shows and video games than with common wildlife. Without modem technology, a small pond could be an amazing world filled with strange and beautiful plants, insects, birds, and animals. When we lack meaningful interaction(交互) with the world around us, and sometimes even with our families and friends, we seek to understand and communicate with things that exist only in our imaginations or on a computer screen。‎ The world of make-believe is not necessarily bad. But when the world of fantasy becomes the only outlet(出路) for our sense of wonder, then we are really missing something. We are missing a connection with the living world. Other wonderful worlds exist all around us. But even more interesting is that if we look closely enough, we can see that these worlds, in a broad sense, are really part of our own.‎ ‎48. The popularity of The Lord of the Rings proves ‎ A. the close connection between man and the fantasy world B. the wonderful achievements of fantasy literature C. the fine taste of moviegoers around the world D. the general existence of the sense of curiosity ‎49. What can we infer from the underlined sentence in Paragraph 3?‎ A. People are far less familiar with the world of fantasy.‎ B. The world around us could serve as a source of wonder.‎ C. The world of fantasy can be mirrored by a small and lively pond.‎ D. Modern technology prevents us from developing our sense of wonder.‎ ‎50. If our sense of wonder relies totally on the world of make-believe, we will ‎ A. fail to appreciate the joy in our lives B. be confused by the world of make-believe C. miss the chance to recognize the fantasy world D. be trapped by other worlds existing all around us ‎51. What is the main purpose of the passage?‎ A. To show us the hidden beauty in our world.‎ B. To warn us not to get lost in the fantasy world.‎ C. To argue against the misuse of the sense of wonder.‎ D. To discuss the influence of the world of make-believe.‎ ‎【答案】‎ ‎48. 答案D ‎【解析】细节理解题。由第二段可知，举The Lord of the Rings这个例子是为了证明人们的好奇心是普遍存在的。所以答案选D项。‎ ‎49. 答案B ‎【解析】推理判断题。Without modem technology, a small pond could be an amazing world filled with strange and beautiful plants, insects, birds, and animals.这句话告诉我们，如果没有现代技术，即使一个小小的池塘也能成为一个令人惊异的世界。从而我们可以推测出我们现实世界也是很美丽的，也是一切期间产生的根源。‎ ‎50. 答案A ‎【解析】细节理解题。根据The world of make-believe is not necessarily bad. But when the world of fantasy becomes the only outlet for our sense of wonder, then we are really missing something. We are missing a connection with the living world.可知，如果幻想成为我们好奇感的唯一出路的话，我们就会失去一些东西，就会失去与现实世界的联系，我们也就不能体会到我们现实生活中的快乐。由此判断选A项。‎ ‎51. 答案B ‎【解析】作者意图题。由文章最后一段可知，作者写这篇文章的目的就是要告诉我们不要沉迷在幻想之中。由此判断选B项。‎