【英语】2018届语法二轮复习介词和介词短语（含解析）教案（7页）

【英语】2018届语法二轮复习介词和介词短语（含解析）教案（7页）

‎2018届语法二轮复习介词和介词短语 语法回顾 一、常见介词的用法 常用介词如in, on, for, with, against, of, beyond, out of, across等含义较多，应全面把握。‎ ‎1．against有“违背，违逆；反对；对……不利；倚；靠；碰撞；预防；衬托”之意。‎ My mother is against my suggestion while my father is in favour of it.‎ 我母亲反对我的建议，然而我父亲赞成。‎ ‎2．beyond可表示“范围，限度”，意为“超出，为……所不及”。‎ 常用短语：beyond words/description/imagination/belief/one’s reach/one’s control“无法用语言形容、无法用语言描述、想象不出来、不相信、够不着、管不了”。‎ No one hopes that the situation between China and Japan is beyond control due to the Diaoyu Islands.‎ 没人希望中日关系因钓鱼岛事件失控。‎ ‎3．by可表示“程度或增减的幅度”，还可作“按；以……计；依据”讲。‎ As far as I know, workers are generally paid by the month.‎ 据我所知，工人们通常按月来付工资。‎ ‎4．for有“就……而言；从……来看；达，计；为……”之意。‎ The biggest concern for most of us is the quality of public education.‎ 我们大多数人最关心的是大众教育的质量问题。‎ I always wanted to do the job which I’d been trained for.(2012·浙江高考)‎ 我总想从事以前为之培训的工作。‎ ‎5．off有“在离……不远处；在沿海的海面”之意。‎ The Well Hotel stands in a quiet place off the main road at the far end of the lake. (2012·辽宁高考)‎ Well饭店坐落于湖尽头的大路附近一个非常安静的地方。‎ ‎6．across有“横跨”之意。‎ Do you think this shirt is too tight across the shoulders？(2012·北京高考)‎ 你觉得这件衬衫在肩膀这个地方是不是太紧了？‎ ‎7．on/upon有“刚……就；一……就”之意，后接名词或动词ing形式。‎ Rose received a big hug from her mother on her stepping out of the train.(2013·福建三明三校第一次联考)‎ Rose一下火车，她妈妈就给了她一个大大的拥抱。‎ ‎8．over可表示时间，意为“在……期间；直到……结束”。‎ I’m sorry I didn’t phone you, but I’ve been very busy over the past couple of weeks.(2011·山东高考)‎ 很抱歉没给你打电话，可是这几个星期我一直很忙。‎ ‎9．within可表示范围、程度，意为“在……之内”。‎ The government was doing everything within its power to help the victims.‎ 政府正尽其所能帮助那些受害者。‎ ‎10．of表示“在……范围内”。‎ Of all the animals I’ve ever had, these two dogs are the most sensitive to the spoken word.(2012·浙江高考)‎ 在我养过的所有动物中，这两只狗对口头语言最敏感。‎ 二、介词短语辨析 考查介词短语辨析，往往要借助具体语境，另外，还要掌握常用的介词短语及其意义。‎ ‎1．与介词in搭配的常用短语 in a way　　　　　　　 在某种程度上 in no way 没门 in the way 挡住道路 in vain 徒劳 in general 通常，大体上 in detail 详细地 in turn 轮流 in return 作为回报 in need 需要 in time 迟早 ‎2．与out of搭配的常用短语 out of date/time 过时/过期 out of question 毫无疑问 out of the question 没门/绝不可能 out of shape 变形 out of fashion 不流行 out of order 出了故障 out of reach 遥不可及 ‎3．“in＋名词＋of”常用搭配 in honor of 为纪念……‎ in charge of 负责，掌管 in terms of 依据，根据 in praise of 赞扬 in favor of 支持，赞同 in need of 需要 ‎4．与介词at连用的常用短语 at no time 决不 at a time 一次/每次 at one time 一度/曾经 at times 不时地/有时 at one’s request 应某人的要求 at a loss 不知所措 ‎5．其他常考短语 on behalf of 代表 by chance/accident 偶然 after all 毕竟，别忘了 regardless of 不管，不顾 on the whole 总的说来 on the contrary 相反 ‎ 考点搜素 考点介词短语辨析 ‎1．(2013·湖北高考)An artist who was recently traveling on a ferry to the southern island discovered ________ a long lost antique Greek vase.‎ A．at random B．by chance C．in turn D．on occasion 解析：选B　考查介词短语辨析。句意：最近，一位艺术家渡船到南方的岛屿，偶然发现了一个遗失多年的古老的希腊花瓶。根据句意可知应选B，表示“偶然地”。at random“任意地，随便地”；in turn“轮流，依次”；on occasion“有时，偶尔”。‎ ‎2．(2013·浙江高考)It will be a big help if you go to the store and get what we need for dinner.________， I’ll set the table.‎ A．As a result B．On the whole C．In the meanwhile D．As a matter of fact 解析：选C　考查介词词组辨析。句意：如果你能去商店买些我们晚餐需要的东西，那就太好了。与此同时，我会布置好桌子的。in the meanwhile“同时，在此期间”，符合句意。as a result“结果”；on the whole“大体上”；as a matter of fact“事实上”。‎ ‎3．(2012·湖北高考)The furniture, with its modern style and bright colors, suits modern houses and their gardens, but looks ________ in the garden of a traditional home.‎ A．out of question B．out of order C．out of sight D．out of place 解析：选D　考查介词短语辨析。句意：这套家具款式新潮，色泽明丽，与新式房屋和花园配套，但看起来与传统的房子和花园不相称。out of place“不合适的；不相称的”，符合句意。out of question“毫无疑问”；out of order“次序颠倒”；out of sight“看不见”。‎ ‎ 综合检测 ‎1．(2014·黄冈质检)We haven’t seen each other for many years, so I am quite ________ the plan that we have a party this weekend.‎ A．in place of B．in favor of C．in honor of D．in need of 解析：选B　考查介词短语辨析。句意：我们已经很多年没有见面了，所以我非常赞成这周末办个聚会的计划。in place of“代替”；in favor of“支持；赞同”；in honor of“为了向……表示崇敬”；in need of“需要”。根据句意可知应选B项。‎ ‎2．(2014·湖北武汉四月调研)If you are ________ then exercise, or the movements you make, will cause you some degree of physical harm.‎ A．out of breath B．out of work C．out of luck D．out of condition 解析：选D　考查介词短语辨析。句意：如果你的健康状况不好，那么你所进行的锻炼或运动将在一定程度上给你造成身体上的伤害。out of breath“上气不接下气”；out of work“失业”；out of luck“不走运”；out of ‎ condition“身体状况不好”。根据题意选D。‎ ‎3．(2014·湖北武汉高中毕业生供题)Once the puzzle is finished, there’s a special treat ________： Mickey and his friends will move around, speaking and singing wellknown songs your children will love.‎ A．in hand B．in need C．in charge D．in store 解析：选D　考查介词短语辨析。句意：一旦猜出谜语，会有特别的奖励：米老鼠和它的朋友就会四处走动，说唱你的孩子将会喜欢的著名歌曲。in hand“在手中”；in need“在贫困中”；in charge“负责；主管”；in store“等待着；快要发生”。‎ ‎4．(2014·武汉调研)Having lived in the town for many years, Mr.Smith no longer felt ________ among the local people.‎ A．out of control B．out of touch ‎ C．out of place D．out of use 解析：选C　考查介词短语辨析。句意：史密斯先生在镇上生活了多年后，不再感觉与当地人格格不入。out of place“不在适当的位置，格格不入”，符合题意。out of control“失控”；out of touch“失去联系”；out of use“废弃”。‎ ‎5．(2014·咸宁调研)________ providing financial aid to the victims, the organization also sent trained volunteers to help in the rescue operation.‎ A．According to B．Far from C．Apart from D．Regardless of 解析：选C　句意：除了给那些受害者提供经济援助外，这个组织还派训练有素的志愿者参与救援工作。apart from“除……以外”，符合题意。according ‎ to“根据，按照”；far from“远离，完全不”；regardless of“不管，不顾”。‎ ‎6．(2014·孝感调研)________ air the speed of the object depends only on the time of the fall, and does not depend on the object’s weight.‎ A．In the shape of B．In the process of C．In the absence of D．In the direction of 解析：选C　句意：在没有空气的情况下，物体的速度只取决于下落的时间而不取决于物体的重量。in the absence of ...“……不在时，没有……时”，符合题意。in the shape of“呈……的形状”；in the process of“在……的过程中”；in the direction of“朝……的方向”。‎ ‎7．(2013·江苏高考)I am always delighted when I receive an email from you.________ the party on July 1st I shall be pleased to attend.‎ A．On account of B．In response to C．In view of D．With regard to 解析：选D　考查介词短语辨析。句意：收到你的电子邮件，我总是很开心。至于七月一日的聚会，我很乐意参加。根据句意可知，with regard to“关于，至于”正确。on account of“面对问题”；in response to“响应，对……有反应”；in view of“鉴于，考虑到”。‎ ‎8．(2014·武昌区调研)Nowadays more and more people have come to realize the fact that we shouldn’t develop economy ________ the environment.‎ A．at the expense of B．in the face of C．in spite of D．on account of 解析：选A　考查介词短语辨析。句意：现在越来越多的人意识到我们不应该以牺牲环境作为代价来发展经济这一事实。at the expense of“‎ 在牺牲(或损害)……的情况下”，符合句意。in the face of“面对问题”；in spite of“尽管”；on account of“由于，因为”。‎ ‎9．(2014·襄阳五校联考)The system can actually warn us ________ when our behavior might lead to a negative outcome, so that we can avoid making a mistake.‎ A．in advance B．in brief C．in charge D．in vain 解析：选A　考查介词短语辨析。句意：当我们的行为可能导致消极的结果时，这个系统能够提前给我们发出警报，让我们避免犯错误。这里用in advance表示“提前”。in brief“简言之”；in charge“主管，照管”；in vain“徒劳，无结果”。‎ ‎10．(2014·武昌调研)Success in life doesn’t happen ________； it’s the result of devoting your time and energy to what you’ve set out to do.‎ A．by force B．by choice C．by design D．by accident 解析：选D　句意：生活中的成功并非偶然发生的；是投入时间和精力去做你既定目标的结果。by accident“偶然，意外地”，符合题意。by force“强迫地”；by choice“出于选择”；by design“故意地”。‎