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高考英语语法精讲精练-冠词
2012 届新课标高三第二轮专题讲解 冠词分为不定冠词(a, an),定冠词(the),和零冠词。 1.指一类人或事,相当于 a kind of A plane is a machine that can fly. 2.第一次提及某人某物,非特指 A boy is waiting for you.有个男孩在等你。 3.表示“每一”相当于 every,one We study eight hours a day. 4.表示“相同”相当于 the same We are nearly of an age. 5.用于人名前,表示不认识此人或与某名人有类似性质的人或事 —Hello, could I speak to Mr. Smith? —Sorry, wrong number. There isn't______ Mr. Smith here. A. 不填 B. a C. the D. one That boy is rather a Lei Feng.(活雷锋) 6.用于固定词组中 a couple of, a bit, once upon a time, in a hurry, have a walk, many a time 7.用于 quite, rather, many, half, what, such 之后 This room is rather a big one. 8.用于 so(as, too, how)+形容词之后 She is as clever a girl as you can wish to meet. 9.用于抽象名词具体化的名词前 success(抽象名词)→a success(具体化) 成功的人或事 a failure 失败的人或事 a shame 带来耻辱的人或事 a pity 可惜或遗憾的事 a must 必需必备的东西 a good knowledge of 精通掌握某一方面的知识 10.与序数词连用,表示“又一,再一”。 In order to find a better job, he decided to study a second foreign language. 为了找到一个更好的工作,他决定再学习另外一门外语。 1.表示某一类人或物 In many places in China, ___ bicycle is still ___ popular means of transportation. A. a; the B. /; a C. the; a D. the; the 2.用于世上独一无二的事物名词前 the universe, the moon, the Pacific Ocean 3.表示说话双方都了解的或上文提到过的人或事 Would you mind opening the door? 4.用于演奏乐器 play the violin, play the guitar 5.用于形容词和分词前表示一类人 the reach, the living, the wounded 6.表示“一家人”或“夫妇”(对比上文的不定冠词用法 5) —Could you tell me the way to ____ Johnsons, please? —Sorry, we don’t have ____ Johnson here in the village. A. the; the B. the; a C. /; the D. the; / 7.用于序数词和形容词副词比较级最高级前 He is the taller of the two children. 8.用于国家党派等以及江河湖海,山川群岛的名词前 the United States, the Communist Party of China, the French 9.用于表示发明物的单数名词前 The compass was invented in China. 10.在逢十的复数数词之前,指世纪的某个年代 in the 1990’s(二十世纪九十年代) 11.用于表示度量单位的名词前 I hired the car by the hour. 12.用于方位名词,身体部位名词 He patted me on the shoulder. 13.与比较级和最高级连用 ①比较级+ and +比较级表示“越来越……” The harder he works, the happier he feels. ②表示两者间“较……的一个”比较级前加 the。 Who is the older of the tow boys? ③三者或三者以上相比,表示最高程度时,用“the + 最高级”的结构表示。这种句式一般 常有表示比较范围的介词短语。 Zhang Hua is the tallest of the three. 1.专有名词,物质名词,抽象名词,人名地名等名词前 Beijing University, Jack, China, love, air 2.名词前有 this, my, whose, some, no, each, every 等限制 I want this book, not that one. / Whose purse is this? 3.季节,月份,星期,节假日,一日三餐前 March, Sunday, National Day, spring 4.表示职位,身份,头衔的名词前 Lincoln was made President of America. 5.表示球类,棋类等运动的名词前 He likes playing football/chess. 6.与 by 连用表示交通方式的名词前 We went right round to the west coast by ______ sea instead of driving across ______ continent. A. the; the B.不填;the C. the; 不填 D. 不填;不填 7.以 and 连接的两个相对的名词并用时 husband and wife, knife and fork, day and night 8.表示泛指的复数名词前 Horses are useful animals. 冠词一般放在名词之前,名词之前若有形容词,冠词放在形容词之前。下列情况例外: 1.不定冠词用于下列副词加形容词之后:as, how, however, so, too 等。 如:He is as good a soldier as he was.他和以前一样是个好士兵。 2.不定冠词置于 such, what, many, not, too,much of 等之后。 如:Many a little pickle makes a nickel.积少成多。 3.定冠词通常放在 all, both, double, exactly, just 等词之后。 如:I offered him double the amount, 4.不定冠词常用于 quite 和 rather 之后,但如果另有形容词修饰时,不定冠词既可放在第二 位,也可放在第一位,但最常见的仍是第二位。 如:She is quite a woman.她真是个女人。 It was quite/rather a cold day.很冷的一天(同 5.当名词前的比较级被 no,all,far,much 等修饰时,也要后置。 如:He is no less a man than the Presiden 6.定冠词要放在 half, twice, much 等之后。 如:He paid twice the price for it. 他花了两倍的钱买了它。 7.如果名词被副词 hardly,scarcely,barely,exactly 所修饰,或和一个形容词共同修饰时, 冠词要放在上述副词之后、形容词之前。如:This is hardly a right thing to do. 这几乎是不能 做的事。 冠词是历年高考的常考点。主要考查冠词在具体语境中的运用,考查内容包括定冠词和 不定冠词的用法区别,名词前不用冠词的情况,特指与泛指以及习语中的冠词用法。 ①How about taking_____short break? I want to make_____call. A. the; a B. a; the C. the; the D. a; a 【解析】 答案为 D。take a short break“休息一会儿”, make a call“打一个电话”。 ②Christmas is_____special holiday when_____whole family are supposed to get together. A. the; the B. a; a C. the; a D. a; the 【解析】 答案为 D。a special holiday 指“某一个特别的节日”;the whole family 为特指。 ①I looked under_____bed and found books I lost last week. A. the; a B. the;the C. 不填;the D. the; 不填 【解析】 答案为 B。此题中的 the bed 和 the books 都为特指。the bed 指“所看的床”; the books 指“所丢的书”。 ②I like_____color of your skirt. It is good match for your blouse. A. a; the B. a; a C. the; a D. the; the 【解析】 答案为 C。 the color 指“你衬衫的颜色”;a good match 泛指“和你的外套相配 的一种好颜色”。 ①George couldn’t remember when he first met Mr. Anderson, but he was sure it was Sunday because everybody was at church. A. /; the B. the; / C. a; / D. /; a 【解析】 答案为 C。a Sunday 泛指某一个星期天;at church 为固定搭配,不用冠词,意 为“在做礼拜”。 ②Many people have come to realize that they should go on_____balanced diet and makeroom in their day for exercise. A. a; / B. the; a C. the; the D. /; a 【解析】 答案为 A。a balanced diet 泛指“一种平衡的饮食”;make room 为固定搭配, 意为“腾出空间”。 ①Many people have come to realize that they should go on balanced diet and make room in their day for exercise. A.a;不填 B.the; a C.the; the D.不填; a 【解析】答案为 A。分析句子可知,第一个空用“a”表示“一种”,某些不可数的抽象名 词前用不定冠词表示某种具体的情况或概念。第二个空不用冠词,make room 意为“腾出空间(时间)”为固定短语。 ②—How about _____Christmas evening party? —I should say it was _____success. A. a; a B. the; a C. a; 不填 D. the; 不填 ①We went right round to the west coast by sea instead of driving across continent. A. the; the B.不填;the C. the; 不填 D.不填;不填 【解析】答案为 B。 by sea 意为“经海路”; by the sea 意为“在海边”;表示大陆、大洋 等的名词前通常要加定冠词。 ②George couldn’t remember when he first met Mr. Anderson, but he was sure it was Sunday because everybody was at church. A./; the B. the; / C. a; / D./; a 【解析】答案为 C。不定冠词用于表示星期的名词前,泛指“某个星期几”;at church 表示 “做礼拜”, at the church 表示“在教堂”。故本题选 C。 类似的词组: by day 在白天 by the day 按天计算 in case of 以防 in the case of 就……来说 in charge of 负责,管理 in the charge of 由……负责 in office 执政 in the office 在办公室 in sight(of)看见 in the sight(of)在……看来 go to sea 去当水手 go to the sea 到海边去 out of question 毫无疑问 out of the question 不可能 take advice 征求意见 take the advice 听从劝告 be of age 成年 be of all age 同龄 go to church 去做礼拜 go to the church 去教堂 in prison 坐牢 in the prison 在监狱 特别提示:当地点名词表示地点时,其前用定冠词;表示在这一地点所发生的活动时, 其前不加冠词。如:He went to the bed and fetched me a magazine before he went to bed. 他睡觉前到床边给我拿了本杂志。 2009 年 1.(安徽卷)We can never expect bluer sky unless we create less polluted world. A. a; a B. a; the C. the; a D. the; the 【答案】A 【解析】因为 sky 和 world 原本是独一无二的,但这里前面都有了形容词修饰,表示会出现 一个什么样 的 sky 和 world,这里就属于泛指了。 2.(北京卷)The biggest whale is ___ blue whale, which grows to be about 29 meters long—the height of ____ 9-story building. A. the; the B. a; a C. a; the D. the; a 【答案】B 【解析】第一空用 the+名词表示类别,是指 blue whale 这一类动物;第二空用 a 表示泛 指。 3.(江西卷)Some people fear that ________ air pollution may bring about changes in _______ weather around the world. A.不填; the B. the; 不填 C. an; the D. the; a 【答案】A 【解析】air pollution 是抽象名词这里是泛指,weather 这里是特指全球的气候,故用定 冠词。 4.(海南卷)Let’s go to cinema-that’ll take your mind off the problem for while A. the; the B. the; a C. a; the D. a ; a 【答案】B 【解析】go to the cinema 表示具体的某地,for a while 固定搭配,表示“一会儿”。 5.(陕西卷)What pity that you couldn’t be there to receive prize! A. a; a B. the; a C. a; the D. the; the 【答案】C 【解析】第一空所填冠词与上下文构成固定句型 what a pity that…,用不定冠词 a;第二 空后名词表示表 特指,用定冠词 the。 6.(四川卷)In order to find _______ better job, he decided to study _________ second foreign language. A. the; a B. a; a C. the; the D. a; the 【答案】B 【解析】该题的意思是:为了找到一个更好的工作,他决定再学习另外一门外语。第一空 表示泛指;第二空用 a +序数词+名词表示又一,再一。 7.I don’t understand what the engineer means, but I’ve got ______ rough idea of _____ project plan. (浙江卷) A. the; a B. 不填; the C. the; 不填 D. a; the 【答案】D 【解析】前空泛指一种大体的想法,后空指双双都知道的那个 project。 8.(重庆卷)Washing machines made by China have won worldwide attention and Haier has become popular name. A. a; the B. 不填; a C. 不填; the D. the; a 【答案】B 【解析】第一空为不可数名词,并且表示泛指所以不用冠词;第二空是指海尔变成了一个 很受欢迎的名字表示泛指用 a。 9.(全国卷 II)What I need is book that contains ABC of oil painting. A. a; 不填 B. the; 不填 C. the; an D. a; the 【答案】D 【解析】第一空为泛指,第二空后面有定语 the ABC of… …的基础知识=the basic knowledge of oil painting。 10.(辽宁卷)This area experienced heaviest rainfall in month of May. A 不填; a B a ; the C the ; the D the ; a 【答案】C 【解析】第一空最大的降水量,为形容词的最高级用 the;第二空五月这个月表特指用 the。 2010 年 1.(北京卷)First impressions are the most lasting. After all, you never get __ second chance to make __ first impression. A. a; the B. the; the C. a; a D. the; a 【答案】C 【解析】本题强调的重点是:再有一次机会 a second chance 给别人留下第一印象,make a first impression, first 为干扰因素。第二空还是表示泛指。句意:最初的印象最深刻。毕竟,你不 可能再有机会给 别人留下第一次印象的。若句意改变为:你没有机会去改变你的第一印象 You never get a second chance to change the first impression。此处再填the 就合情合理了。 2.(福建卷)It’s good feeling for people to admire the Shanghai world expo that gives them pleasure. A.不填,a B. a,不填 C. the ,a D. a, the 【答案】B 【解析】good feeling 并非特指,故用 a;pleasure 是抽象名词,无需冠词。句意为“人们 喜欢上海世博 会给他们带来的快乐,这是(一)种不错的感觉”a good feeling:一种不错的感觉; give sb. pleasure 给某人快乐。 3.(江苏卷)The visitors here are greatly impressed by the fact that_______ people from all walks of life are working hard for_____ new Jiangsu. A.不填; a B. 不填;the C. the; a D. the; the 【答案】A 【解析】第一空,来自社会各阶层的人不是特指,不用冠词;第二空,在 Jiangsu 前有形容 词 new 因此,应加冠词 a,表示一个全新的江苏。 4.(辽宁卷)There are over 58,000 rocky objects in _______ space, about 900 of which could fall down onto _______ earth. A. the; the B. 不填; the C. the; 不填 D. a; the 【答案】B 【解析】第一空 in space 是固定短语,不用冠词,第二空名词 earth 属于独一无二的事物, 其前必须用 定冠词。句意:太空中有超过 58,000 的岩状物体,其中大约 900 有可能掉到地球 上。 5.(山东卷)If we sit near _______ front of the bus, we’ll have _______ better view. A.不填; the B.不填; a C. the; a D. the; the 【答案】C 【解析】表示“某空间内部的前部”时,front 前要加定冠词 the; have a good view 是习惯 搭配,表示“视 野开阔,视野良好”之意;所以 C 项符合语境。句意:“如果我们坐在公共汽车 的前部,就会有 更好的视野。” 6.(四川卷)In most countries, a university degree can give you flying start in life. A. the; a B. the; 不填 C.不填; 不填 D.不填; a 【答案】D 【解析】most countries 此处表泛指,most 前不加定冠词 the.第二个空处应为“一个高起点 的开始”,故用 a ,正确答案为 D。 7.(浙江卷)Many lifestyle patterns do such __ great harm to health that they actually speed up__ weakening of the human body.] A. a; 不填 B. 不填; the C. a; the D. 不填; 不填 【答案】B 【解析】对……有害用短语“do harm to”表示,中间不需要用冠词;之后的 weakening 是 由动词的 ing 形表示抽象的名词,表达一种概念、状况时需要加上 the。句意: 许多生活方式对人类的健康有害,他们加速了人类身体的衰退。 8.(重庆卷)Everything comes with price; there is no such thing as free lunch in the world. A. a, a B. the, 不填 C. the, 不填 D. a, 不填 【答案】D 【解析】price 意思是“代价”,为可数名词,第二空前边有 no,后面的名词不用冠词,故 选 D 项。 2011 年 1.(新课标卷)It is generally accepted that _______boy must learn to stand up and fight like ________man. A. a; a B. a; the C. the; the D. a; 不填 【答案】A 【解析】句意:人们普遍认为男孩必须学会像男人那样勇敢地站起来去战斗。两个空都表 示泛指,因此 都填不定冠词 a。 2.(大纲卷)As he reached ________front door, Jack saw _______strange sight. A. the;不填 B. a; the C.不填;a D. the; a 【答案】D 【解析】句意:当 Jack 走到前门时,看到了一个奇怪的景象。the front door 是特指 Jack 所走过去的门, a strange sight 是泛指,相当于 a certain sight,起初次介绍的作用。因此选 D。 3.(山东卷)Take your time—it’s just _______ short distance from here to _______ restaurant. A.不填;the B. a; the C. the; a D.不填;a 【答案】B 【解析】句意:别急—从这儿到餐馆只不过短短的距离而已。a short distance 短距离,是 固定搭配的短 语;the restaurant 指双方都知道的餐馆,故用 the 特指。选 B。 4.(江西卷)—It’s said John will be in a job paying over $60,000 ______ year. —Right, he will also get paid by ________week. A. the; the B. a; the C. the; a D. a; a 【答案】B 【解析】前一句句意为:据说 John 将会有一份年工资超过 60000 美金的工作,表时间单 位每年,冠词用 a,后一句说没错,他也将会以每周支付的方式得到薪水。by 后面接具体的计量方式用定冠词 the。 5.(浙江卷)Experts think that ______recently discovered painting may be ______ Picasso. A. the ;不填 B. a ;the C. a; 不填 D. the; a 【答案】D 【解析】句意:专家认为,最近发现的油画可能是毕加索的作品。the painting 特指最近发 现的油画;a Picasso 意为 a Picasso’s painting,指毕加索的一件作品,有 one 的 含义。 6.(四川卷)Dr. Peter Spence, headmaster of the school, told us, “ fifth of pupils here go on to study at Oxford and Cambridge.” A. 不填;A B.不填;The C. the; The D. a; A 【答案】A 【解析】句意:彼得·斯宾塞博士——这所学校的校长——告诉我们,“这里五分之一的 学生会到牛津和剑桥继续深造。” 头衔、职位前通常不用冠词,所以第一空不 用冠词;a fifth 表示“五分之一”,故答案为 A。 7.(陕西卷)As is known to all, People’s Republic of China is biggest developing country in the world. A. the ;不填 B. 不填 ;the C. the ;the D. 不填;不 填 【答案】C 【解析】句意:众所周知,中华人民共和国是世界上最大的发展中国家。第一个定冠词 the 用在表示国 家的名词前;第二个定冠词 the 用在有形容词最高级修饰的名词前。 8.(重庆卷)In communication, a smile is usually________ strong sign of a friendly and _______ open attitude. A. the, 不填 B. a, an C. a, 不填 D. the, an 【答案】C 【解析】句意:在交流中,微笑通常是友好和态度开明的一种明显标志。第一空 a strong sign of 一个……的标志,a 此处表泛指;friendly 和 open 共同修饰 attitude,而 attitude 不可数,不需要冠词;故选 C。 1.The report said that a bus went out of control on highway south of the city are rushed into a river. A. the; the B.不填; the C. the; 不填 D. 不填; 不 填 【答案】D 【解析】go out of control 是固定短语,意思是失去控制; south of…中的 south 是方位副词, 前面不需要使用冠词。当 south 用作名词时通常与介词一起使用,如 in the south of…。 2.Because ____ unemployment is very high at present, it's not easy for a fresh graduate to find ____ satisfying job as he wishes. A. the; 不填 B.不填; a C. an; a D. an; the 【答案】B 【解析】unemployment 是抽象名词,前面不用冠词。job 是可数名词,用不定冠词泛指“一 个令人满意的工作”。 3.一My flight was delayed because of________ heavy rain. —But you are just in______________ time for the discussion. A. the; a B. a; the C.不填; 不填 D. the; 不填 【答案】D 【解析】引起我的航班延误应该是特指的一场大雨,所以第一空要用定冠词来限定,in time 及时,准时,固定短语。 4.I don’t think the experiment is ______ failure. At least we have gained ______ experience for future success. A.不填; the B. a; the C. a ; 不填 D.不填; 不 填 【答案】C 【解析】failure 表示失败的概念为抽象名词,前面不可用不定冠词。表示失败的人或事情 就成了可数名词,前面用不定冠词。experience 作经历讲为可数名词,作为经验 讲为不可数名词。 5.By ________ nature, you are an adventurer, full of amazement and curiosity about _________world bigger than life itself. A. a; the B. the; the C.不填; a D. the; 不填 6.Jack had ________feeling of excitement when hearing his article had been published in ________school magazine. A. the; a B. a; the C. 不填; the D. the; 不填 【答案】B 【解析】have a feeling of 为固定用法,意思是:有一种……的感觉;第二空表特指。句意 为:听到自己的文章已经在校刊上发表,Jack 有一种兴奋的感觉。 7.I got ________bad toothache yesterday,which kept me awake ________whole night. A. a; the B. 不填; a C. the; a D. a; 不填 【答案】A 【解析】get a toothache 牙疼,是固定用法,而整个晚上(whole night)是特指昨天晚上, 因此应该使用定冠词。我昨天晚上牙疼得厉害,整晚没睡。 8.China is ________vast country which is home to ________ amazing variety of landscapes, plants and animals. A. the; the B. a; the C. the; an D. a; an 【答案】D 【解析】第一空表示“中国是一个……样的国家”,是泛指的概念,因此填不定冠词;第二空 是固定短语 a variety of,只是在 variety 前面加上了形容词 amazing 修饰它。 9.—Anyone in mind for this position?What about Jack? —He may be a good friend, but business is business. He is not ________ man for ________job. A. a; a B. the; the C. a; the D. the; a 【答案】C 【解析】第一空是泛指的概念,因此用不定冠词;第二空是特指这份工作,用定冠词。 10.We all hold ________ belief that those who have ________wonderful sense of humor are more popular. A. the; a B. 不填; 不填 C. the; 不填 D. a; the 【答案】A 【解析】句意:我们都认为那些有强烈幽默感的人更受欢迎。belief 后是同位语从句,第 一空用 the 表特指;第二空 a sense of humor (幽默感)为常用搭配。 11.________World Expo is regarded as the Olympic Games of the economy, science and technology, ________expert said. A. A; an B. The; an C. The; a D. A; the 【答案】B 【解析】第一空特指“世博会”,故用定冠词 the;第二空泛指“一个专家”,expert 又是以 元音音素开 头,故用 an。 12. I was told that________10∶15 flight would take us to Shanghai in time to reach ________Fudan University. A. the; 不填 B. the; a C. a; the D. 不填; the 【答案】A 【解析】句意:我被告知 10∶15 的航班将把我们送达上海,以便及时到达复旦大学。根 据句意可知第一空表特指,故用定冠词; 第二空后 Fudan University 是以纯专 有名词 Fudan 开头的,要用零冠词。Fudan University 还可表达为“the university of Fudan”。 13.The students were studying in ________classroom when,all of ________sudden, the lights went out. A. 不填; 不填 B. a; the C. the; a D. the; 不填 【答案】C 【解析】句意:那些学生正在教室学习,这时突然灯灭了。根据题干中的 the students 可 知学生是特指的,由此可推知教室也应是特指的,故第一空用定冠词;all of a sudden 为固定习语,相当于 suddenly。由此可见答案为 C 项。 14.My mother asked me to repeat ________ phone number ________second time so that she could write it down. A. the; a B. a; the C. an; a D. the; the 【答案】A 【解析】句意:我母亲让我再次重复那个电话号码以便她能记下。根据句意可知,第一空 后的 phone number 表特指,故用定冠词;“a+序数词+名词”表示“又一,再一” 之意,而“the+序数词+名词”表示次序。综上所述,本题答案为 A 项。 15.Jack wanted to be ________ university student,but in ________ entrance examination he missed by a mile. A. a; an B. an; the C. the; an D. a; the 【答案】D 【解析】a university student 一名大学生,表泛指;the entrance examination 特指入学考 试。 16.—Stay a bit longer, please. It’s been such ________ fun having you here. —Thank you, but I’ve got ________early start tomorrow morning. A. 不填; the B. a; an C. 不填; an D. the; an 【答案】C 【解析】此题中 fun 为不可数名词,前面不用冠词。an early start 早起。句意:“再待一会 儿吧,有你在这里太有趣了。”“谢谢,但明天早上我还要早起呢。” 17.—How many people are still leading ________ life under ________ poverty line in the world? —Perhaps one fourth,according to the report. A. the; 不填 B. a; the C. a; a D. 不填; the 【答案】B 【解析】lead a life 为固定结构,故第一空填不定冠词 a;第二空用 the 表示特指。 18.His failure at ________ first attempt didn’t disappoint him. Instead,he gathered his courage and tried ________second time. A. the; the B. the; a C. a; the D. a; a 【答案】B 【解析】第一空序数词前要加定冠词 the,此处指第一次尝试; a second time 表示“又一次, 再一次”,用不定冠词。 19.Everyone should learn from ________ Lei Feng and try to be ________ Lei Feng. A. 不填; a B. 不填; 不填 C. the; the D. 不填; the 【答案】A 【解析】第一空提到的雷锋是众所周知的人物,人名前用零冠词,而第二空是指雷锋式的 人物,所以用不定冠词。 20.Only when you stay and live with ________local people for a period of time will you have ________ better understanding of life here. A. a; 不填 B. the; a C. 不填; the D. the; the查看更多