2019届二轮复习阅读理解专题生态环保类型课件（26张）

2019届二轮复习阅读理解专题生态环保类型课件（26张）

2019 届二轮复习阅读理解专题 　生态环保类 - 2 - (2018 全国 Ⅰ ·D) We may think we ’ re a culture that gets rid of our worn technology at the first sight of something shiny and new,but a new study shows that we keep using our old devices( 装置 ) well after they go out of style.That ’ s bad news for the environment—and our wallets—as these outdated devices consume much more energy than the newer ones that do the same things. - 3 - To figure out how much power these devices are using,Callie Babbitt and her colleagues at the Rochester Institute of Technology in New York tracked the environmental costs for each product throughout its life—from when its minerals are mined to when we stop using the device.This method provided a readout for how home energy use has evolved since the early 1990s.Devices were grouped by generation.Desktop computers,basic mobile phones,and box-set TVs defined 1992.Digital cameras arrived on the scene in 1997.And MP3 players,smart phones,and LCD TVs entered homes in 2002,before tablets and e-readers showed up in 2007. - 4 - As we accumulated more devices,however,we didn ’ t throw out our old ones.“The living-room television is replaced and gets planted in the kids ’ room,and suddenly one day,you have a TV in every room of the house,”said one researcher.The average number of electronic devices rose from four per household in 1992 to 13 in 2007.We ’ re not just keeping these old devices—we continue to use them.According to the analysis of Babbitt ’ s team,old desktop monitors and box TVs with cathode ray tubes are the worst devices with their energy consumption and contribution to greenhouse gas emissions( 排放 ) more than doubling during the 1992 to 2007 window. - 5 - So what ’ s the solution( 解决方案 )?The team ’ s data only went up to 2007,but the researchers also explored what would happen if consumers replaced old products with new electronics that serve more than one function,such as a tablet for word processing and TV viewing.They found that more on-demand entertainment viewing on tablets instead of TVs and desktop computers could cut energy consumption by 44%. - 6 - 32 .What does the author think of new devices? A.They are environment-friendly. B.They are no better than the old. C.They cost more to use at home. D.They go out of style quickly. 33 .Why did Babbitt ’ s team conduct the research? A.To reduce the cost of minerals. B.To test the life cycle of a product. C.To update consumers on new technology. D.To find out electricity consumption of the devices. 34 .Which of the following uses the least energy? A.The box-set TV. B.The tablet. C.The LCD TV. D.The desktop computer . - 7 - 35 .What does the text suggest people do about old electronic devices? A.Stop using them. B.Take them apart. C.Upgrade them. D.Recycle them. - 8 - 【文章结构】 - 9 - 【难点分析】 The team’s data only went up to 2007,but the researchers also explored what would happen if consumers replaced old products with new electronics that serve more than one function,such as a tablet for word processing and TV viewing. 这个团队的数据仅仅是到 2007 年 , 但是研究人员也在探讨 , 如果消费者用像兼有文字处理和电视观看功能的平板电脑一样的多功能电子产品替换旧产品的话 , 将会发生什么样的情况 ? 分析 :what would happen if consumers replaced... 是虚拟语气 , 使得作者的表述语气委婉。 - 10 - 【语篇导读】 本文是议论文。当我们购买了新的电子设备时 , 我们仍然使用旧的电子设备。其实 , 旧电子设备耗费的能源比新设备要多 , 从而损害我们的环境、浪费我们的金钱。 32 .A 　 推理判断题。根据第一段的最后一句 “That ’ s bad news for the environment—and our wallets—as these outdated devices consume much more energy than the newer ones that do the same things” 可知 , 过时的设备要比新设备消耗更多的能源 , 因此可推测出新设备对环境有好处。 33 .D 　 细节理解题。根据第二段的第一句 “To figure out how much power these devices are using,Callie Babbitt...tracked the environmental costs for each product throughout its life” 可知 ,Babbitt 和她的同事做这项研究是为了发现这些设备所消耗的能量 , 所以选 D 项。 - 11 - 34 .B 　 细节理解题。根据文章的最后一句 “They found that more on-demand entertainment viewing on tablets instead of TVs and desktop computers could cut energy consumption by 44%” 可知 ,B 项使用的能量最少。 35 .A 　 推理判断题。根据第一段中的 “We may think we ’ re a culture that gets rid of our worn technology...” 以及第三段中的 “As we accumulated more devices,however,we didn ’ t throw out our old ones” 可知 , 文章建议人们不要再使用旧的电子设备。 - 12 - A (2018 北京朝阳二模 ) Dear Koko, I ’ ve learned about you from my amazing teacher.I think it ’ s fun that you can communicate with us humans by using the sign language.I ’ ve spent a lot of time watching you in different videos and love you from the bottom of my heart . - 13 - It ’ s heartbreaking to learn about all of the cruel things done to gorillas ( 大猩猩 ).In Africa,for example,the killers use guns to kill your fellows for meat.They don ’ t understand the influence their actions are having on gorillas.Another thing is the loss of gorillas ’ natural home,which is caused by the improved infrastructure such as building roads and airports.When we cut down trees,you become homeless.We take away your shelter and sources of food,leaving you with very little chance of survival . - 14 - Some of my classmates are writing to the relevant departments about these serious problems.Hopefully these letters will make a difference during your lifetime.Over the past three months,my class has been researching on gorillas,and I ’ ve learned so many things.For example,I ’ ve learned that you have a lot of feelings similar to mine and you are always so careful with everything you do.I think that you are really worth saving. We ’ ve come up with many ideas to help you and your fellows.One of the best ideas is to communicate with the President of the World Bank and have him give more financial support to the organizations for gorillas.Another idea is to make public laws on the killers.I also think we need to keep educating people about gorillas . - 15 - I love writing to you and hope you can understand how important you ’ ve become to our class.Would it be too much to ask for a return letter? 【语篇解读】 本文是写给大猩猩的一封信 , 信中讲述了大猩猩当前的悲惨遭遇及人类采取的保护措施。 - 16 - 1 .According to the passage,Koko is probably 　　 .   A.a killer of gorillas B.a member of the gorilla family C.an expert on gorillas D.a governor in charge of gorillas 答案 解析 解析 关闭 推理判断题。根据第一段 “I think it’s fun that you can communicate with us humans by using the sign language.” 第二段 “When we cut down trees,you become homeless.We take away your shelter and sources of food,leaving you with very little chance of survival.” 第三段 “I think that you are really worth saving.” 等信息可判断收信人 Koko 可能是一只大猩猩 , 故选 B 项。 答案 解析 关闭 B - 17 - 2 .What is mainly talked about in the second paragraph? 　　   A.The problems gorillas face at present. B.The danger gorillas cause for humans. C.The unique characteristic gorillas have. D.The natural environment gorillas live in. 答案 解析 解析 关闭 主旨大意题。根据第二段 “...all of the cruel things done to gorillas( 大猩猩 ).In Africa,for example,the killers use guns to kill your fellows for meat. ...Another thing is the loss of gorillas’ natural home...” 等信息可知本段主要是描述了大猩猩当前被捕杀和家园被破坏的不幸遭遇 , 故选 A 项。 答案 解析 关闭 A - 18 - 3 .Which of the following is the author ’ s suggestion according to this passage? 　　   A.Gorillas should be protected in nature reserves. B.Killers for gorillas should be legally responsible. C.Organizations should be set up to protect gorillas. D.People should make donations to gorilla protection. 答案 解析 解析 关闭 推理判断题。根据倒数第二段 “Another idea is to make public laws on the killers.” 可知作者建议制定关于杀害大猩猩凶手的法律 , 他们应该为自己所做的事负法律责任。故选 B 项。 答案 解析 关闭 B - 19 - B (2018 河北石家庄二模 ) Though the harmful effects of plastic on wildlife and human health are well-documented,this material is hard to avoid.Nearly everything we touch,from grocery bags to drink bottles,to food packaging,contains plastic.Now,Amsterdam ’ s Ekoplaza supermarket is making it a little easier for consumers to reduce consumption of single-use plastic bags and containers,which are blocking our landfills at alarming rates,with a special plastic-free aisle( 通道 ).Believed to be the world ’ s first,the aisle has 700 products on sale including rice,beans,yogurt,chocolate milk,cereal,snacks and meat. - 20 - While items still require packaging,everything is housed inside reusable or recyclable containers made of glass,metal or cardboard.The unique idea was given to the grocery-chain officials by UK-based environmental group A Plastic Planet,which takes the lead to advocate for at least one plastic-free aisle in supermarkets around the globe.The non-profit has even created a signature “plastic-free” mark to help consumers identify eco-friendly packaging.“This is a consumer-led campaign,” said a group co-founder Sian Sutherland.“We ’ re a grassroots organization.So obviously we ’ re working with industry and the government,but most importantly,we represent the public.” - 21 - Ekoplaza,which plans to roll out the plastic-free aisles across its 74 stores by the end of the year,is not the only company trying to reduce plastic waste.In Berlin,the Original Unverpackt grocery store has been trying to change customer habits since 2014 by selling everything,from grains to produce and even soaps without plastic packaging.The supermarket,which requires customers to bring their own reusable containers,even sells chewable toothpaste that needs no tubes. Though it is encouraging to see companies trying to make a difference,for real change to happen,consumers have to avoid products encased in plastics,even if it means giving up their favorite food or drink.As Sutherland put it,“Plastic food and drink packaging remains useful and yet a destructive presence on the earth for centuries afterwards.” - 22 - 【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了阿姆斯特丹的 Ekoplaza 超市及世界其他的一些有名超市致力于为顾客提供无塑料通道 , 鼓励顾客使用可再循环利用的购物袋 , 以减少塑料的白色污染。 - 23 - 4 .What does Ekoplaza want to do by setting up a plastic-free aisle? 　　   A.Cut down managing cost. B.Reduce plastic-packaging. C.Make shopping much easier. D.Increase the amount of sales. 答案 解析 解析 关闭 细节理解题。根据第一段中的 “ Now,Amsterdam’s Ekoplaza supermarket is making it a little easier for consumers to reduce consumption of single-use plastic bags and containers,which are blocking our landfills at alarming rates,with a special plastic-free aisle( 通道 ).” 可知 ,Ekoplaza 超市正在努力以一种无塑料特别通道的方式使消费者更容易减少对一次性塑料包装和容器的使用。 答案 解析 关闭 B - 24 - 5 .Which of the following can make a real difference? 　　   A.Consumers. B.Supermarkets. C.Organizations. D.Companies. 答案 解析 解析 关闭 推理判断题。根据最后一段中的 “Though it is encouraging to see companies trying to make a difference,for real change to happen,consumers have to avoid products encased in plastics,even if...” 可知 , 作者认为一些公司正在通过自己的努力减少塑料袋带来的污染 , 但是消费者本人也必须避免使用塑料包装的产品。 答案 解析 关闭 A - 25 - 6 .What does Sutherland think of plastic packaging in the future? 　　   A.It will be of no use to consumers. B.It will exist for a long time. C.It will disappear in this century. D.It will replace other containers. 答案 解析 解析 关闭 推理判断题。根据最后一段中的 “Plastic food and drink packaging remains useful and yet a destructive presence on the earth for centuries afterwards.” 可知 ,Sutherland 认为 , 现在 , 塑料饮食包装仍然很有用途 , 它们对于地球的毁坏性在几百年以后才会出现 , 也就是说 , 塑料对于我们地球的破坏性短期内不会出现 , 所以塑料饮食包装在未来一段时间内仍然会存在。 答案 解析 关闭 B - 26 - 答案 解析 解析 关闭 主旨归纳题。本文的主要内容是 :Ekoplaza 及其他世界有名的超市正在努力向消费者提供无塑料特别通道 , 以减少对塑料饮食包装的使用。关键信息是超市减少塑料袋使用、保护环境。 D 项包括其中两个关键信息 , 所以是最佳选项。 答案 解析 关闭 D 7 .What might be the title of the passage? 　　   A.Plastics Are Harmful to the Environment B.Non-profits Can Help the Supermarkets C.Consumers Should Change Shopping Habits D.Supermarkets Take Action for a Cleaner Planet