【英语】2020届二轮复习语法讲练专题五介词与介词短语

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【英语】2020届二轮复习语法讲练专题五介词与介词短语

‎2020届二轮复习语法讲练专题五 介词与介词短语 ‎ ‎ ‎ 介词属于虚词,不能单独作句子成分,必须与名词、代词或相当于名词的词类、短语等,构成介词短语。‎ 一、介词的分类 ‎1.按意义分类:‎ 表示时间的介词 at, in, on, after, before, since, during ...‎ 表示地点的介词 at, in, on, over, under, above, below ...‎ 表示原因、目的的(短语)介词 for, because of, owing to ...‎ 表示所属、伴随的介词 of, with ...‎ 表示“除了……”的介词 but, except, besides ...‎ 表示方法、手段的介词 in, by, with, without ...‎ 表示“关于”的介词 about, on, of ...‎ ‎2.按形态分类:‎ 简单介词 at, in, on, off, to, from, about, over, before ...‎ 复合介词 into, onto, inside, without, within, towards ...‎ 短语介词 because of, in front of, at the back of, according to ...‎ 双重介词 from under, from behind, except for ...‎ 分词介词 including, considering ...‎ 二、常用介词的用法 ‎1.时间介词in, at, on: in表示时间段,即在较长的一段时间内;at表示时间点,即钟点、时刻等;on表示具体的某一天。如: in the morning, in a day, in spring,at noon, at six o'clock, on Sunday morning, on the night of August fifth ‎2.时间介词by, before, until: by表示“到时候为止”动作已经完成;before表示“在……某时之前”,不包括某时在内;until表示动作持续到某时。‎ I will finish the work before Friday.‎ 星期五之前我会完成工作。‎ I will have finished the work by Friday.‎ 最晚星期五我就会完成工作。‎ I will work here until Friday.‎ 我将在这儿工作到星期五。‎ ‎3.时间介词after, in: after表示“在……之后”,后接时间段时,一般用于过去时,后接时间点时,可用于过去时或将来时;in接时间段,用于将来时表示“在多久以后”,用于过去时表示“在……的时间之内”。‎ After supper, I will take a walk.‎ 晚饭后,我会散步。‎ He will be back in two weeks.‎ 他两周后回来。‎ ‎4.方位介词across, through, past, over: across强调穿过某一平面;through强调从某一空间内部通过;past强调从某一事物旁边经过;over强调从一边到另一边或越过某一高度。‎ Be careful while walking across the street.‎ 横穿马路时务必小心。‎ Walk through the gate, please.‎ 请穿过大门。‎ A dog ran past.‎ 有只狗跑过去了。‎ The thief climbed over the wall and ran away.‎ 小偷翻墙逃走了。‎ ‎5.表示“除……以外”的介词besides, except, except for: besides表示“除……之外也……”,其后的宾语是被包括在内的;except表示“除……之外都……”,其后的宾语是被排除在外的;except for是对主要部分的肯定和对局部的否定,一般不表示同类事物之间的关系。‎ We need two more chairs besides these three.‎ 除了这三把椅子我们还需要两把。‎ We all went except her.‎ 除了她我们都去了。‎ All the buildings are excellent except for their location.‎ 除了位置之外,所有的建筑都相当不错。‎ ‎6.表示方式的with, by, in: with多指用工具、身体的某部位或器官;by表示使用的方法、手段;in指使用某种语言、工具或材料等。‎ You can see it with your own eyes.‎ 你可以亲自去看看。‎ Why don't we go there by car instead?‎ 我们为何不坐小汽车去呢?‎ He made the speech in English.‎ 他用英语作了这场报告。‎ 三、介词短语 高考中常考查到的介词短语有:‎ ‎1.at at night         在夜里 at noon 在中午 at breakfast 在吃早饭 at home 在家里 at work 在上班 at school 在上学 ‎2.in in the meanwhile 同时 in the way 阻挡 in time 及时;最终 in detail 详细地 in favour of 同意 in terms of 就……而言 in honor of 为纪念……‎ in view of 由于 in vain 徒劳地 in turn 依次,轮流 in common 共有;公有 in danger 处于危险中 in relief 如释重负地 in case 以免;万一 in return 作为回报 in exchange for 用以交换……‎ ‎3.for be praised for 因为……受到表扬 for life 终生 for the benefit of 为了……的利益 as for 就……而论;关于 for lack of 由于缺乏……‎ ‎4.to key to ……的钥匙/答案 answer to ……的答案 note to ……的注释 way to 通向……的路 visit to 到……的访问 contribution to 对……的贡献 approach to ……的方法 ‎5.on on behalf of 代表 on the contrary 相反 on account of 由于 on condition that ... 以……作为条件 have an effect on 对……有影响 ‎6.with have an appointment with 与……有约会 with regard to 关于 ‎7.above above average 在平均数以上 above all 首先;最重要的是 ‎8.by by chance/accident 偶然;碰巧 by name 用名字 by means of 借助……手段 ‎9.from apart from 除……之外 far from 远非 ‎10.out of out of order 秩序混乱 out of sight 看不见 out of control 失去控制 out of place 不在合适的位置;不适当的 out of one's reach 某人够不着的地方 out of the question 不可能 out of question 毫无疑问 I have an appointment with Dr. Smith, but I need to change it.(北京高考)‎ 我和史密斯医生有个约会,但我需要改一下。‎ You can change your job, you can move house, but friendship is meant to be for life.(安徽高考)‎ 你可以换工作,可以搬家,但友谊是要终生受用的。‎ ‎[应用落实体验] ‎ ‎1.—Does it rain a lot in this area?‎ ‎—________, it hardly ever rains; the climate is like that of ‎ a desert.‎ A.What's worse      B.In other words C.On the contrary D.As a result 解析:选C 句意:“这个地区雨水多吗?”“正相反,几乎不下雨;就像沙漠气候。”on the contrary“恰恰相反”;what's worse“更糟糕的是”;in other words“换言之”;as a result“因此”。‎ ‎2.—How did she lose so much weight as expected?‎ ‎—________ eating less, she jogged for several miles every day.‎ A.In spite of B.In addition to C.Instead of D.Thanks to 解析:选B 句意:“她是怎样按照预想的减掉这么多体重的?”“除了少吃,她每天慢跑几英里。”in addition to“除了……以外(还有)”;in spite of“尽管”;instead of“代替”;thanks to“多亏了”。根据she jogged ...可知B项正确。‎ ‎3.I have no dreams ________ to have a happy life.‎ A.rather than B.more than C.other than D.less than 解析:选C 句意:除了拥有幸福生活,我别无他求。other than“除了”;rather than“而不是”;more than“不仅,多于”;less than“少于”。根据句意选C。‎ ‎4.After the Spring Festival, some factories cannot start production as planned ________ the labour force.‎ A.for fear of B.for lack of C.in need of D.in search of 解析:选B 考查介词短语。句意:春节后,一些工厂因劳动力短缺而无法按计划开工生产。for fear of“唯恐”;for lack of“因缺少”;in need of“需要”;in search of“寻找”。根据句意可知正确答案为B项。‎ ‎5.I'd like to give them something ________ everything they have done for us.‎ A.in place of B.in return for C.in spite of D.in case of 解析:选B 句意:我想给他们一些东西以报答他们为我们做的一切事情。in return for “作为报答”,符合题意。in place of“代替,取代”;in spite of “尽管”;in case of “以防,以免”。‎ ‎6.When Mary was told her son's illness could be cured, she left the hospital ________.‎ A.in peace B.in surprise C.in relief D.in time 解析:选C 句意:当玛丽被告知她儿子的病可以被治愈时,她如释重负地离开了医院。in relief“如释重负”,符合题意。in peace“平静地”;in surprise“吃惊地”;in time“及时地”。‎
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