【英语】北京市东城区2020届高三二模试题（解析版）

【英语】北京市东城区2020届高三二模试题（解析版）

北京市东城区2020届高三二模 英语试题 第一部分：知识运用（共两节，45分）‎ 第一节 语法填空（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分）‎ A 阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写一个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。‎ As a child growing up ___1___ England, James Reynolds was always excited by thunderstorms. Now, he runs straight towards them as a “storm chaser”. Specialising in hurricanes and volcanoes, Reynolds travels the world to shoot pictures of Earth’s most extreme weather events. The pictures are used by TV news channels around the world. It’s a ___2___(danger) job though. He has almost been hit by flying window frames twice in the past 18 ___3___(month). However, he says the chase is always worth it for the places he has been to and the brilliant people he has met along the way.‎ ‎【答案】1. in 2. dangerous 3. months ‎【解析】‎ 这是一篇记叙文。文章主要叙述了“暴风雨追逐者”James Reynolds的故事，他拍摄极端天气的照片，尽管危险，但他认为是值得的。‎ ‎【1题详解】‎ 考查介词。句意：作为一个在英国长大的孩子，James Reynolds总是因雷声感到激动。空后England是地点名词，意为“英国”，所以此处指“在”英国，应填介词in。故填in。‎ ‎【2题详解】‎ 考查形容词。句意：尽管它是一个危险的工作。根据空后名词job可知，空处应填形容词作定语。故填dangerous。‎ ‎【3题详解】‎ 考查名词复数。句意：他在过去的18个月中被飞行的窗框击中过两次。month是可数名词，根据空前的18可知，此处应用名词复数。故填months。‎ B 阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写一个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。‎ Amateur explorers have found what may have been the last undiscovered island on Earth. The island is round and about three quarters of a mile wide. It sits in the northern Pacific and is a place ___4___ it’s neither too hot nor too cold. It’s almost completely flat and rocky. The island’s only distinguishing feature is a slight hill on the eastern side. After spotting the hidden piece of land in ___5___first looked like an e-map fault, the group of friends ___6___(set) out in a boat to confirm what they’d found. They’re now running an online contest to name the island.‎ ‎【答案】4. where 5. what 6. set ‎【解析】‎ 这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了业余探险家发现了可能是地球上最后一个未被发现的岛屿。并介绍了这个岛屿的情况。‎ ‎【4题详解】‎ 考查定语从句。句意：它位于北太平洋，是一个既不太热也不太冷的地方。本句为定语从句修饰先行词place，且先行词在从句中作地点状语，故应用关系副词where。故填where。‎ ‎【5题详解】‎ 考查连接词。句意：在发现了一块看似电子地图断层的隐蔽陆地后，这群朋友乘船出发，以确认他们的发现。本句为宾语从句，从句中缺少主语，且指物，结合句意可知应用what。故填what。‎ ‎【6题详解】‎ 考查动词时态。句意：在发现了一块看似电子地图断层的隐蔽陆地后，这群朋友乘船出发，以确认他们的发现。set在句中作谓语，且结合语境可知事情发生在过去应用一般过去时。故填set。‎ C 阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写一个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。‎ Poetry is a beautiful art form. Its power lies in the ability to transform ordinary experiences by capturing a moment or emotion. ___7___(write) poetry is a privilege and struggle, in part because we need to create in ___8___(we) a new way of observing the world, capturing microscopic moments as materials for our work. Most of our time at the desk ___9___(spend) wrestling with our imagination, and we know that a successful poem arrives on the back of failure. ‎ There are moments when an idea will not translate onto paper. Yet, failure is good, because every ____10____(abandon) line we painstakingly remove prepares us for the ripe poem around the corner.‎ ‎【答案】7. Writing 8. ourselves 9. is spent 10. abandoned ‎【解析】‎ 这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了诗歌是一种美丽的艺术形式。它的力量在于通过捕捉一个瞬间或情感来改变普通经历的能力。文章描述了一些写诗时的感受。‎ ‎【7题详解】‎ 考查非谓语动词。句意：写诗是一种特权，也是一种挣扎，部分原因是我们需要为自己创造一种观察世界的新方式，捕捉细微的瞬间，作为我们工作的素材。分析句子结构可知write在句中应用非谓语动词形式，且本句缺少主语，故应用动名词短语作主语，句首单词首字母要大写。故填Writing。‎ ‎【8题详解】‎ 考查代词。句意：写诗是一种特权，也是一种挣扎，部分原因是我们需要为自己创造一种观察世界的新方式，捕捉细微的瞬间，作为我们工作的素材。结合句意此处指代“我们自己”应用反身代词ourselves。故填ourselves。‎ ‎【9题详解】‎ 考查动词时态语态。句意：我们在办公桌前的大部分时间都在与想象搏斗，我们知道一首成功的诗是在失败的背景下诞生的。本句中主语与谓语动词构成被动关系用被动语态，且陈述客观事实用一般现在时，主语为Most of our time，故谓语动词用单数。故填is spent。‎ ‎【10题详解】‎ 考查非谓语动词。句意：然而，失败是好的，因为每一句我们苦心删除的废弃的诗句，都是为即将到来的成熟诗句做准备。分析句子结构可知abandon在句中应用非谓语动词形式，且与line构成被动关系，故应用过去分词作定语。故填abandoned。‎ 第二节 完形填空（共20小题；每小题1.5分，共30分）‎ 阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。‎ Saving a Tiger Named Cinderella On an icy day in February 2012, two hunters in eastern Russia discovered a limp bundle of fur lying in the snow. It was an orphaned cub(幼虎)！The cub hadn’t eaten in days, and was ‎ ‎___11___ enough for the hunters just to pick her up. Dr. Dale Miquelle, director of the Wildlife Conservation Society’s Russia Program, said, “A healthy tiger cub, even a three-month-old one, would give you reason to ___12___ before you stuck your hand too close to its teeth and claws. But this cub had no ___13___ left in her.”‎ The hunters wrapped the cub in a coat and ___14___ her to a local wildlife inspector, Andrey Oryol. Over the following weeks, Oryol ___15___ the orphaned cub back to health. But now he had a new problem: What could he do with an ___16___ three-month-old tiger?‎ The cub was an Amur tiger. ___17___ a small number of Amur tigers remained in the wild, so scientists wanted to return ___18___ cubs to their natural habitat. The orphaned cub was taken to a new wildlife center. The center was designed for raising wild animals without ___19___ them to people. It uses hidden cameras and covered fences to keep workers out of ____20____. That way, the animals don’t become ____21____ on humans.‎ The cub, now named Cinderella, became the center’s first tiger. Over the next year, she grew into a big, healthy tigress. In the center, she learned to hunt. By the spring of 2013, experts agreed she was ____22____ to return to the wild.‎ They chose the perfect new ____23____ for their tiger princess: the Bastak Nature Reserve. During the next two years, researchers watched Cinderella’s ____24____. They set up cameras to snap photos. When Cinderella passed in front of one of these camera ____25____, it took her picture. Cinderella not only ____26____, but grew healthy and strong.‎ Then, in December 2015, the cameras ____27____ exciting news: Cinderella had become a mother! For the first time ever, a tiger that humans had ____28____ and returned to the wild had given birth to two cubs of her own.‎ Tigers are some of the most admired animals on our planet, but they are also ____29____. Thanks to the work of conservationists like Dr. Miquelle, there is new ____30____ for these magnificent cats.‎ ‎11. A. weak B. pale C. sleepy D. lazy ‎12. A. hide B. hurt C. wonder D. pause ‎13. A. mercy B. effort C. will D. fight ‎14. A. delivered B. returned C. guided D. reported ‎15. A. taught B. pulled C. nursed D. trained ‎16. A. intelligent B. energetic C. excited D. amazing ‎17 A‎. Almost B. Still C. Even D. Only ‎18. A. newly-born B. rescued C. wounded D. hunted ‎19. A. exposing B. sending C. offering D. selling ‎20. A. place B. sight C. order D. mind ‎21. A. concentrated B. defensive C. dependent D. keen ‎22. A. welcome B. interested C. ready D. eager ‎23. A. continent B. neighborhood C. border D. kingdom ‎24. A. progress B. reaction C. appearance D. habitat ‎25. A. types B. traps C. shots D. scenes ‎26. A. succeeded B. recovered C. survived D. explored ‎27. A. edited B. expected C. prepared D. revealed ‎28. A. witnessed B. traded C. raised D. examined ‎29. A. endangered B. dominated C. preserved D. stressed ‎30. A. love B. hope C. home D. help ‎【答案】11. A 12. D 13. D 14. A 15. C 16. B 17. D 18. B 19. A 20. B 21. C 22. C 23. D 24. A 25. B 26. C 27. D 28. C 29. A 30. B ‎【解析】‎ 这是一篇记叙文。主要记叙了在2012年2月两个猎人救下了一只虚弱的东北虎幼崽，交给了交给当地的野生动物检查员，人们照顾并养育了这只名为Cinderella的老虎，并最终将她放归到了Bastak自然保护区里，2015年12月，有史以来第一次，Cinderella这只被人类养大并返回野外的老虎生下了两只幼崽。‎ ‎【11题详解】‎ 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这只幼崽已经几天没吃东西了，身体已经很虚弱了，猎手们只能把它抱起来。A. weak虚弱的；B. pale苍白的；C. sleepy困倦的；D. lazy懒惰的。根据上文The cub hadn’t eaten in days可知幼崽好几天没吃东西，很虚弱。故选A。‎ ‎【12题详解】‎ 考查动词词义辨析。句意：一只健康的老虎幼崽，即使是三个月大的幼崽，在你把手离它的牙齿和爪子太近之前，都会让你有理由停下来。A. hide隐藏；B. hurt损害；C.‎ ‎ wonder想知道；D. pause暂停。结合上文A healthy tiger cub, even a three-month-old one, would give you reason to可知一只健康的老虎幼崽即使是三个月大也很具有攻击性，人会在手离它的牙齿之前停下来。故选D。‎ ‎【13题详解】‎ 考查名词词义辨析。句意：但这只幼崽已经无力反抗了。A. mercy仁慈；B. effort努力；C. will意志；D. fight反抗，斗争。结合上文the hunters just to pick her up.可知这只幼崽很虚弱，已经无力反抗只能让猎手把它抱起来。故选D。‎ ‎【14题详解】‎ 考查动词词义辨析。句意：猎人们用大衣把幼崽包裹起来，交给当地的野生动物检查员Andrey Oryol。A. delivered交给，递送；B. returned返回；C. guided指导；D. reported报道。结合后文her to a local wildlife inspector, Andrey Oryol可知是将这只幼崽交给当地的野生动物检查员Andrey Oryol。故选A。‎ ‎【15题详解】‎ 考查动词词义辨析。句意：在接下来的几周里，Oryol照料着这只孤儿幼崽，使其恢复了健康。A. taught教；B. pulled拉；C. nursed照料；D. trained训练。结合后文the orphaned cub back to health.可知Oryol照料着这只孤儿幼崽，使其恢复了健康。故选C。‎ ‎【16题详解】‎ 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：但现在他有了一个新问题：他能拿这只三个月大的精力充沛的老虎做什么呢？A. intelligent聪明的；B. energetic精力充沛的；C. excited激动的；D. amazing令人惊异的。上文提到幼崽恢复了健康，因此现在是精力充沛的。其他选项不符合语境。故选B。‎ ‎【17题详解】‎ 考查副词词义辨析。句意：目前野外只有很少的东北虎了，因此科学家们希望将获救的东北虎幼崽送回它们的自然栖息地。A. Almost差不多；B. Still仍然；C. Even甚至；D. Only只，仅仅。结合后文a small number of Amur tigers remained in the wild可知野外的东北虎只有很少的数量了。故选D。‎ ‎【18题详解】‎ 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：前野外只有很少的东北虎了，因此科学家们希望将获救的东北虎幼崽送回它们的自然栖息地。A. newly-born新生的；B. rescued获救的；C. wounded受伤的；D. hunted被捕猎的。结合上文可知这只幼崽是被人类救下的。故选B。‎ ‎【19题详解】‎ 考查动词词义辨析。句意：这个中心是为饲养野生动物而设计的，不让它们暴露在人类面前。A. exposing接触，暴露；B. sending邮寄；C. offering提供；D. selling出售。结合后文It uses hidden cameras and covered fences to keep workers out of可知这个野生动物中心为野生动物而设计的，不让它们暴露在人类面前。expose to“暴露于”。故选A。‎ ‎【20题详解】‎ 考查名词词义辨析。句意：它使用隐蔽的摄像头和覆盖的围栏来防止工人被发现。A. place地方；B. sight视力；C. order命令；D. mind思维。野生动物中心使用隐蔽的摄像头和覆盖的围栏来防止工人被发现。短语out of sight“看不见，在视野之外”。故选B。‎ ‎【21题详解】‎ 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这样，动物就不会依赖人类。A. concentrated集中的；B. defensive自卫的；C. dependent依赖的，依靠的；D. keen渴望的。野生动物中心不让动物接触人类，是为了避免动物依赖人类。故选C。‎ ‎【22题详解】‎ 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：到2013年春天，专家们认为它已经准备好返回野外。A. welcome受欢迎的；B. interested感兴趣的；C. ready准备好的；D. eager热切的。结合后文for their tiger princess: the Bastak Nature Reserve.可知专家们认为Cinderella已经准备好返回野外了，所以他们为Cinderella选择了自然保护区放生。故选C。‎ ‎【23题详解】‎ 考查名词词义辨析。句意：他们为他们的老虎公主选择了一个完美的新王国：Bastak自然保护区。A. continent大陆；B. neighborhood邻居；C. border边界；D. kingdom王国。结合后文the Bastak Nature Reserve可知Bastak自然保护区是Cinderella的新王国。其它选项不符合语境。故选D。‎ ‎【24题详解】‎ 考查名词词义辨析。句意：在接下来的两年里，研究人员观察了Cinderella的进步。A. progress进步；B. reaction反应；C. appearance外貌；D. habitat栖息地。结合后文but grew healthy and strong可知研究人员观察了Cinderella的进步。故选A。‎ ‎【25题详解】‎ 考查名词词义辨析。句意：当灰姑娘经过一个相机陷阱前时，陷阱拍下了她的照片。A. types类型；B. traps陷阱；C. shots射击；D. scenes场景。根据后文it took her ‎ picture可知相机陷阱是用来给Cinderella拍照的。故选B。‎ ‎【26题详解】‎ 考查动词词义辨析。句意：Cinderella不仅活了下来，而且变得健康强壮。A. succeeded成功；B. recovered恢复；C. survived幸存；D. explored探索。结合后文but grew healthy and strong.可知Cinderella不仅活了下来，而且变得健康强壮。故选C。‎ ‎【27题详解】‎ 考查动词词义辨析。句意：2015年12月，镜头透露了一个激动人心的消息：Cinderella当妈妈了!A. edited编辑；B. expected期待；C. prepared准备；D. revealed透露。结合后文exciting news: Cinderella had become a mother!可知此处指镜头透露了Cinderella当妈妈了的消息。故选D。‎ ‎【28题详解】‎ 考查动词词义辨析。句意：有史以来第一次，一只被人类养大并返回野外的老虎生下了两只幼崽。A. witnessed目击；B. traded交易；C. raised养育；D. examined检查。结合上文内容可知Cinderella被人类救了，并被人类养大。故选C。‎ ‎【29题详解】‎ 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：老虎是地球上最受尊敬的动物之一，但它们也濒临灭绝。A. endangered濒临灭绝的；B. dominated占主导地位的；C. preserved保藏的；D. stressed紧张的。根据第三段中a small number of Amur tigers remained in the wild可知野外老虎的数量很少，它们濒临灭绝。故选A。‎ ‎【30题详解】‎ 考查名词词义辨析。句意：多亏了Miquelle博士等自然资源保护主义者的努力，这些美丽的猫才有了新的希望。A. love爱；B. hope希望；C. home家；D. help帮助。结合上文Thanks to the work of conservationists like Dr. Miquelle可知有了Miquelle博士等自然资源保护主义者的努力，这些美丽的猫才有了新的希望。故选B。‎ 第二部分：阅读理解（共两节，40分）‎ 第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，共30分）‎ 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。‎ A The Education Outreach Section of the United Nations Department of Public Information invites young people from around the world between the ages of 15 and 24 to submit 10- to 15-second videos in English on how the Sustainable Development Goals can build peace. When making your videos, think about why ending poverty, addressing climate change, forging equality and ensuring access to education are important to creating a more peaceful world.‎ The most engaging videos will be featured on the United Nations International Day of Peace YouTube channel. Some will even be shown at an official event at United Nations Headquarters in New York on 16 September.‎ We will be posting selected clips at www.youtube.com/channel from 13 June (the start of the 100-day countdown) through 21 September, the International Day of Peace.‎ When you make your video, please state your name and country at the beginning. And remember that all videos should be appropriate for younger audiences.‎ We’ll be accepting your submissions from now until 1 September. So start sending your videos to unitednationspeaceday@gmail.com today!‎ Background: The International Day of Peace falls on 21 September. The General Assembly has declared this as a day devoted to strengthening the ideals of peace, both within and among all nations and peoples. Every year on this day, the United Nations calls on the people of the world to remember their common humanity and join together to build a future free of conflicts. The theme for this year, “The Sustainable Development Goals: Building Blocks for Peace”, highlights how ending poverty, protecting the planet and ensuring prosperity for everyone all contribute to global harmony. The Sustainable Goals cover a broad range of issues, including poverty, hunger, health, education, climate change, gender equality, water, sanitation, energy, environment and social justice.‎ More information on the International Day of Peace and the Sustainable Development Goals: http://www.un.org/en/events/peaceday.‎ ‎31. The participants should ______.‎ A. be at least twenty-four years old B. upload clips onto the appointed website C. come up with solutions to global problems D. submit the videos no later than 1 September ‎32. What might be the proper words to start the video?‎ A. My name is Jimena, and I’m from Peru.‎ B. Hello, I’d like to introduce the event first.‎ C. Today I want to say something to young audiences.‎ D. What is the key to creating a more peaceful world?‎ ‎33. Once chosen, the video will be ____.‎ A. put on a YouTube channel B. posted on the web for one year C. shown at the theater in New York D. filmed on the International Day of Peace ‎34. What is the main purpose of the activity?‎ A. To collect video materials for the websites.‎ B. To raise young people’s concern about world peace.‎ C. To draw attention to the education of the next generation.‎ D. To popularize the International Day of Peace among the youth.‎ ‎【答案】31. D 32. A 33. A 34. B ‎【解析】‎ 这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了联合国为国际和平日举行的视频征集活动的相关信息。‎ ‎【31题详解】‎ 细节理解题。根据第五段第一句“We’ll be accepting your submissions from now until 1 September.(我们将从现在开始接受你们的投稿直到‎9月1日。)”可知，参加者应该不晚于‎9月1日提交视频。故选D项。‎ ‎【32题详解】‎ 推理判断题。根据第四段第一句“When you make your video, please state your name and country at the beginning.”可知，制作视频时，要在开头陈述你的姓名和国家。由此可推知，A项“我叫Jimena，来自秘鲁。”符合要求。故选A项。‎ ‎33题详解】‎ 细节理解题。根据第二段第一句“The most engaging videos will be featured on the United Nations International Day of Peace YouTube channel.”可知，最优秀的视频将会在联合国国际和平日YouTube频道作为特别节目播放。故选A项。‎ ‎【34题详解】‎ 推理判断题。根据第一段第一句“The Education Outreach Section of the United Nations Department of Public Information invites young people from around the world between the ages of 15 and 24 to submit 10- to 15-second videos in English on how the Sustainable Development Goals can build peace.(联合国新闻部教育外联科邀请世界各地的15岁到24岁的年轻人提交10到15秒的英文视频，主题是关于可持续发展目标如何建立和平。)”可知，这次活动的主要目的是提高年轻人对世界和平的关注。故选B项。‎ B It’s a Saturday night, the kids are asleep and we have no plans. Before we fall into our routine and watch a movie, I try to talk my husband into playing a card game. Unconvinced, he continues tapping away on his phone. But just before disappearing into the social media rabbit hole, he has an idea. He looks over me and suggests, “Why don’t we try calling one of our friends?”‎ I look at him with raised brows, as if his suggestion is somewhat ridiculous and perhaps even socially unacceptable. You can’t just call someone out of the blue now…right? But then I think again and realize that at one point in time, in the not so distant past, this was the norm. I spent my early teenage years connecting with friends through a phone that was connected to a wall. It wasn’t “smart”, but it allowed me to keep in touch with the latest gossip and news. We would chat for hours, sometimes while I hid under my blanket in order to avoid the chance of being caught by my parents.‎ I could even memorize the phone numbers of loved ones then. While I did own an address book—and there was always the White Pages, where you could look people up by their names—I had the contact details of special friends, first loves and family members committed to memory. I guess these days, they would be on my “Favorites” list in my smartphone.‎ Today, many of my “favorite” people are followed from a distance through social media, and even they very rarely—if ever—would get an actual call from me. The birth announcement by my oldest friend is received through catching a well-defined bump into a photo that I scroll past. The ‎ news of a divorce from a couple whom I had considered my second parents when I was in middle school arrives after a photo of a woman led me on a quest for more gossip. Bits of such information, a collection of wonderful, exciting, shocking and also boring news, may have been a part of my digital feed for years. The idea of actually picking up the phone to reconnect with a long-lost friend is an intimidating one—even seeing the name of an old friend pop up in an incoming call can feel a little afraid.‎ I ask my husband, “Who would we call?” After tossing around a few names, we agree on some potential candidates—people whose lives have taken them in different directions, but with whom we still share deep friendships.‎ ‎35. How does the author feel about her husband’s suggestion at first?‎ A. Excited. B. Motivated.‎ C. Nervous. D. Surprised.‎ ‎36. With the phone, the author’s teenage years was_____.‎ A. difficult but interesting B. peaceful and meaningful C. pleasant and unforgettable D. inconvenient but enjoyable ‎37. In the following days, the couple may ____.‎ A. share more of their private information with others B. contact more long-lost friends through social media C. have more personal communications with their friends D. add more friends’ names to the contact lists in their phones ‎【答案】35. D 36. C 37. C ‎【解析】‎ 这是一篇夹叙夹议文。本文主要记叙了周六的一个晚上，作者的丈夫突然提议给朋友们打电话，这让作者回忆起了自己少年时代和朋友打电话的愉快经历，反思现在和朋友都是通过社交媒体在远处被关注，于是决定和丈夫开始给朋友打电话。‎ ‎【35题详解】‎ 推理判断题。根据第二段中I look at him with raised brows, as if his suggestion is somewhat ridiculous and perhaps even socially unacceptable.可知我皱起眉头看着他，好像他的建议有些可笑，甚至在社会方面是不能接受的。由此可推知，作者一开始对她丈夫的建议感到惊讶。故选D。‎ ‎【36题详解】‎ 推理判断题。根据第二段中I spent my early teenage years connecting with friends through a phone that was connected to a wall. It wasn’t “smart”, but it allowed me to keep in touch with the latest gossip and news. We would chat for hours, sometimes while I hid under my blanket in order to avoid the chance of being caught by my parents.可知我在十几岁的时候通过一个连在墙上的电话和朋友们联系。这样做并不“聪明”，但可以让我了解最新的八卦和新闻。我们会聊上几个小时，有时我会躲在毯子下面以免被父母抓到。由此可推知，有了电话，作者的少年时代是愉快而难忘的。故选C。‎ ‎【37题详解】‎ 推理判断题。根据最后一段I ask my husband, “Who would we call?” After tossing around a few names, we agree on some potential candidates—people whose lives have taken them in different directions, but with whom we still share deep friendships.可知我问丈夫：“我们该给谁打电话呢?”在讨论了几个人的名字之后，我们就一些可能的候选人达成了一致——这些人的生活将他们引向不同的方向，但我们仍然和他们有着深厚的友谊。由此可推知，在接下来的几天里，这对夫妇可能会添加更多朋友们的名字到他们的电话联系人列表，和他们的朋友有更多的私人交流。故选C。‎ C Mathew White, an environmental psychologist, is on a mission to give Mother Nature the respect he thinks she deserves when it comes to human health. For decades, scientists and health-care professionals have recognized that exposure to green spaces, such as public parks or forests, is linked with lower risks of all sorts of illnesses common in the world. Experimental work has demonstrated various physiological responses that occur when people spend time in natural environments: blood pressure drops, heart rate decreases, immune function improves, and the nervous system directs the body to rest and digest.‎ As humans increasingly populate urbanized areas, they are spending less and less time in natural environments. But before doctors can start advising their patients to head to the nearest park, there is an important outstanding question, says White: How much time in nature do you need to generate these apparent benefits? Most of the research that has linked health outcomes with exposure to the natural world didn’t use frequency or duration of park visits, but rather the amount of green space within a certain distance of a person’s home, White says. But “it’s not so ‎ much where you live; it’s whether you use it or not.”‎ So he collected data to estimate what dose（剂量） of nature was needed to show benefits to a person’s health. White’s group found the answer he was after: Spending at least two hours in nature per week was strongly correlated with self-reports of being in good health or having high wellbeing. “I was very surprised, to be honest,” says White, who had been expecting a much longer time. “We had no idea that such a clear threshold of time per week would emerge from the data.”‎ He was further surprised to learn that it didn’t seem to matter how many trips to a park people took, so long as they got in their two hours per week. It could be a long visit one day, a couple of hour-long trips, three visits of 40 minutes, or four half-hour excursions. He and his colleagues speculate that, if nature’s apparent health benefits are a result of being able to de-stress, then whatever pattern of green space exposure fits one’s schedule is probably the best way to achieve that goal.‎ Health-care recommendations for people to spend time in nature are probably years away, but the movement has begun. Several organizations around the world are working to promote awareness of nature’s contribution to health. Some researchers have used the term “a dose of nature” to evaluate the amount of exposure needed to gain benefits. “That was kind of the deliberate medicalization of the language around nature and health,” says White.‎ ‎38. White’s research focused on_______.‎ A. required amount of green space B. benefits from the exposure to nature C. necessary time length of nature visits D. physical responses to outdoor activities ‎39. What does the underlined phrase “threshold of time” in Paragraph 3 probably mean?‎ A. Maximum time. B. Minimum time.‎ C. Adequate time. D. Average time.‎ ‎40. From the last paragraph, we can infer that White______.‎ A. is confident about his mission B. is willing to cooperate with others C. has persuaded others to accept his idea D. has adopted the term for his research result ‎41. What’s the best title for the passage?‎ A. Respect for Nature B. Nature as Medicine C. Present from Nature D. Mission in Nature ‎【答案】38. C 39. B 40. A 41. B ‎【解析】‎ 本文为一篇说明文。主要介绍了人们在自然环境中会产生各种生理反应:血压下降，心率下降，免疫功能改善，神经系统引导身体休息和消化，每周至少在自然中呆上两个小时，与自我报告的健康状况或高幸福感密切相关。‎ ‎【38题详解】‎ 推理判断题。根据第二自然段says White: How much time in nature do you need to generate these apparent benefits? Most of the research that has linked health outcomes with exposure to the natural world didn’t use frequency or duration of park visits, but rather the amount of green space within a certain distance of a person’s home, White says.(怀特说：你需要多少时间才能产生这些明显的益处？大多数将健康结果与接触自然环境联系在一起的研究没有使用公园参观的频率或持续时间，而是考虑到附近一定距离内的绿地面积)通过这句话我们可以知道对于以前大部分的研究来说，都没有研究公园的参观频率和持续时间。所以我们可以推断出，怀特的主要研究内容就是对于公园绿地的使用频率和使用时间。故C项necessary time length of nature visits(访问自然的必要时长)符合以上推理。故此题选C。‎ ‎【39题详解】‎ 词义猜测题。通过上一句“I was very surprised, to be honest,” says White, who had been expecting a much longer time.(“我很惊讶，怀特说，他一直期待的是更长的时间”)我们可以知道，原本怀特是认为大家会花很多时间在大自然中，但是数据却让他大吃一惊。由此我们可以推断出人们的使用时间是非常少的。所以B项minimum time(最少时间)就是这个短语想表达的含义。故此题选B。‎ ‎【40题详解】‎ 推理判断题。根据最后一自然段Some researchers have used the term “a dose of nature” to evaluate the amount of exposure needed to gain benefits. “That was kind of the deliberate medicalization of the language around nature and health,” says ‎ White.(一些研究人员用“自然剂量”来评估获得益处所需的暴露量。怀特说：“这是对自然和健康刻意医学化的语言”)可知，怀特在对于其他研究人员所得出的结论表示不赞同。由此我们可推断出怀特是更加相信自己观点的。故此题选A。‎ ‎【41题详解】‎ 主旨大意题。主要介绍了人们在自然环境中会产生各种生理反应:血压下降，心率下降，免疫功能改善，神经系统引导身体休息和消化，每周至少在自然中呆上两个小时，与自我报告的健康状况或高幸福感密切相关。所以B选项Nature as Medicine(自然作为药物)就是本文最佳标题。故此题选B。‎ D Once I told someone I wanted to get a master’s degree of fine arts in creative writing and they told me it was the second-to-worst post-graduation plan they’d ever heard from a student. Arts degrees — especially fine arts degrees, which usually come in the form of music, studio art, creative writing and theater — have been, over the years, labeled useless.‎ It’s true that for the most part, STEM degrees lead to higher paying jobs than liberal and fine arts degrees, and it’s understandable why young people care about a higher starting salary and financial security. Student loan debt is playing a role in the physical and mental stress of young people.‎ And while STEM majors usually have starting salaries that are $20,000 higher than those of liberal arts majors, by the time people reach the age of 40, the salaries between those who majored in the liberal arts and those who majored in STEM are virtually the same. For example, women who major in STEM earned nearly 50% more than social science and history majors at ages 23-25, but only 10% more by ages 38-40, a New York Times analysis reported. So even in terms of salary, which doesn’t solely determine whether or not a degree is useful, liberal arts degrees aren’t all that far behind STEM.‎ It seems too that since people nowadays are going to have to work longer, it’s more important than ever that we actually like and care about what we’re doing. Pursuing something enjoyable, or else a passion, is continuously found to be a key factor in maintaining healthy relationships, mental health, physical health and energy. In other words, not useless.‎ Art is also a method of communication. It allows people from different backgrounds, from different walks of life to communicate with each other. In a world where borders and division seem to be all over the place, we need art more than ever. We need liberal arts majors. And more ‎ than anything, we need to be able to pursue what we love with confidence, and we need to not get caught up in the “usefulness” of what we love.‎ And just because someone’s primary job isn’t in their field of study — a writer who teaches high school for example— doesn’t make the degree useless. It just means that their way of finding a stable income is different. The same goes for artists who have to work multiple jobs to support themselves. They might have to find other means of supporting themselves and their artistry. It might be copy editing or it might be tutoring.‎ So I am going to graduate school, and I am going to graduate school for writing. I might be paying rent by way of overnight restaurant shifts — there’s so much I’m not sure of. But one thing I am sure of is this — I would rather be a writer working two jobs to pay my bills than be no writer at all.‎ ‎42. A New York Times analysis report is mentioned in Paragraph 3 to ______.‎ A. analyse the potential value of different majors B. put forward the opinion on majors by example C. prove the argument against arts degrees wrong D. demonstrate the link between majors and incomes ‎43. Why does the author think learning arts is useful?‎ A. Following one’s dream of arts keeps one in good condition.‎ B. Doing what one loves builds up one’s self-confidence in arts.‎ C. Mastering arts improves one’s understanding of different jobs.‎ D. Developing a love for arts helps one maintain passion for work.‎ ‎44. The author thinks that doing multiple jobs is _______.‎ A. unavoidable B. common C. traditional D. acceptable ‎45. What can we infer from the passage?‎ A. Students learning arts are more concerned about the value of life.‎ B. People tend to place income in the first place when choosing majors.‎ C The man who doesn’t love his work won’t stick with the job for long.‎ D. Graduates can find a broader space of development in the field of arts.‎ ‎【答案】42. C 43. A 44. D 45. B ‎【解析】‎ 这是一篇议论文。文章中作者主要议论了艺术学位是否是无用的问题，作者认为薪水并不能完全决定一个学位是否有用，学习艺术是有用的，是因为追求艺术梦想能使人保持良好状态。作者还指出仅仅因为一个人的主要工作不是在他们的研究领域——例如，一个在高中教书的作家——并不会使学位毫无用处。‎ ‎【42题详解】‎ 推理判断题。根据第三段中So even in terms of salary, which doesn’t solely determine whether or not a degree is useful, liberal arts degrees aren’t all that far behind STEM.可知因此，即使就薪水而言，文科学位也不比STEM差那么多。薪水并不能完全决定一个学位是否有用。由此可推知，在第三段提到了一篇《纽约时报》分析报告，是为了证明反对艺术学位的论点是错误的。故选C。‎ ‎【43题详解】‎ 细节理解题。根据第四段中Pursuing something enjoyable, or else a passion, is continuously found to be a key factor in maintaining healthy relationships, mental health, physical health and energy. In other words, not useless.可知人们不断发现，追求愉快的事情，或者激情，是维持健康人际关系、心理健康、身体健康和精力的关键因素。换句话说，不是没用的。由此可知，作者认为学习艺术是有用的，是因为追求艺术梦想能使人保持良好状态。故选A。‎ ‎【44题详解】‎ 推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中The same goes for artists who have to work multiple jobs to support themselves. They might have to find other means of supporting themselves and their artistry. It might be copy editing or it might be tutoring.可知同样的道理也适用于那些为了养活自己而不得不做多份工作的艺术家们。他们可能不得不寻找其他的方式来养活自己和自己的艺术才华。可能是编辑稿件，也可能是辅导。由此可推知，作者认为做多份工作是可以接受的。故选D。‎ ‎【45题详解】‎ 推理判断题。根据第二段中It’s true that for the most part, STEM degrees lead to higher paying jobs than liberal and fine arts degrees, and it’s understandable why young people care about a higher starting salary and financial security.可知的确，在大多数情况下，STEM学位比文科和美术学位能找到薪水更高的工作，所以年轻人关心起薪更高和经济保障也是可以理解的。由此可推知，人们在选择专业时往往把收入放在第一位。故选B。‎ 第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，共10分）‎ 根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。‎ At one point or another, you’ve probably heard someone speak with confidence on a topic that they actually know almost nothing about. This phenomenon is known as the Dunning-Kruger effect, which refers to the finding that people who are relatively unskilled or unknowledgeable in a particular subject sometimes have the tendency to overestimate their knowledge and abilities.‎ In a set of studies, researchers Justin Kruger and David Dunning asked participants to complete tests of their skills in a particular domain. Then, participants were asked to guess how well they had done on the test. ___46___ This effect was most pronounced among participants with the lowest scores on the test.‎ David Dunning explains that “the knowledge and intelligence that are required to be good at a task are often the same qualities needed to recognize that one is not good at that task.” In other words, if someone knows very little about a particular topic, they may not even know enough about the topic to realize that their knowledge is limited. Importantly, someone may be highly skilled in one area, but be influenced by the Dunning-Kruger effect in another domain.___47___‎ If people who know very little about a topic think they’re experts what do experts think of themselves? Interestingly, Dunning and Kruger found that although experts typically guessed their performance was above average, they didn’t realize quite how well they had done. They often make a different mistake:___48___‎ What can people do to overcome the effect? Dunning and Kruger once had some of the participants take a logic test and then complete a short training session on logical reasoning. After the training, the participants were asked to assess how they’d done on the previous test. ___49___‎ Afterward, the participants who scored in the bottom 25 percent lowered their estimate of how well they thought they had done on the initial test. In other words, one way to overcome the effect may be to learn more about a topic.‎ The Dunning-Kruger effect suggests that we may not always know as much as we think we do.‎ ‎___50___ However, by challenging ourselves to learn more and by reading about opposing views, we can work to overcome the effect.‎ A. Researchers found that the training made a difference.‎ B. They assume that everyone else is knowledgeable, too.‎ C. This happens when people don’t know much about a topic.‎ D. All of them had a more accurate view of their performance.‎ E. They found that participants tended to overestimate their abilities.‎ F. This means that everyone can potentially be affected by the Dunning-Kruger effect.‎ G. In some domains, we may not know enough about a topic to realize that we are unskilled.‎ ‎【答案】46. E 47. F 48. B 49. A 50. G ‎【解析】‎ 这是一篇说明文。你可能听过一些人自信地谈论着他们几乎一无所知的话题。这种现象被称为Dunning-Kruger效应，指的是在某一特定领域相对不熟练或知识不丰富的人有时会倾向于高估自己的知识和能力。文章主要介绍了研究人员是如何进行研究的，以及这项研究结果对人们的启示。‎ ‎【46题详解】‎ 根据后文This effect was most pronounced among participants with the lowest scores on the test.可知这种效应在测试中得分最低的参与者中最为明显。以及下一段中In other words, if someone knows very little about a particular topic, they may not even know enough about the topic to realize that their knowledge is limited.可知换句话说，如果一个人对某个话题知之甚少，他甚至可能还没有意识到自己的知识是有限的。由此可知，研究人员发现参与者倾向于高估自己的能力，尤其得分最低的参与者中最为明显。故E选项“他们发现，参与者倾向于高估自己的能力”符合上下文语境，故选E。‎ ‎【47题详解】‎ 根据上文Importantly, someone may be highly skilled in one area, but be influenced by the Dunning-Kruger effect in another domain.可知重要的是，有些人可能在某个领域非常熟练，但在另一个领域会受到Dunning-Kruger效应的影响。由此可知，本句承接上文说明，这一发现意味着每个人都可能受到Dunning-Kruger效应的潜在影响。故F选项“这意味着每个人都可能受到Dunning-Kruger效应的潜在影响”符合上下文语境，故选F。‎ ‎【48题详解】‎ 根据上文Interestingly, Dunning and Kruger found that although experts typically guessed their performance was above average, they didn’t realize quite how well they had done. They often ‎ make a different mistake:可知有趣的是，邓宁和克鲁格发现，尽管专家通常会猜测他们的表现高于平均水平，但他们并没有意识到自己的表现有多好。他们经常犯一个不同的错误：由此可知，本句承接上文说明这个错误是什么——他们认为其他人也都是知识渊博的。故B选项“他们认为其他人也都是知识渊博的”符合上下文语境，故选B。‎ ‎【49题详解】‎ 根据后文Afterward, the participants who scored in the bottom 25 percent lowered their estimate of how well they thought they had done on the initial test. In other words, one way to overcome the effect may be to learn more about a topic.可知之后，得分最低的25%的参与者降低了他们对自己在最初测试中的表现的估计。换句话说，克服这种影响的一种方法可能是对某个话题了解得更多。由此可知，训练起作用了。故A选项“研究人员发现，训练起到了作用”符合上下文语境，故选A。‎ ‎【50题详解】‎ 根据上文The Dunning-Kruger effect suggests that we may not always know as much as we think we do.可知Dunning-Kruger效应表明，我们可能并不总是像自己认为的那样知道那么多。以及后文However, by challenging ourselves to learn more and by reading about opposing views, we can work to overcome the effect.可知然而，通过挑战自己来学习更多，通过阅读相反的观点，我们可以努力克服这种效果。由此可知，本句是在说明在某些领域，人们可能对某个主题了解不够，以至于意识到自己缺乏技能。故G选项“在某些领域，我们可能对某个主题了解不够，以至于意识到自己缺乏技能”符合上下文语境，故选G。‎ 第三部分：书面表达（共两节，35分）‎ 第一节（15分）‎ ‎51.假设你是红星中学高三学生李华。你从英国笔友Jim的来信中得知他所在的大学正在招募国际学生参加暑期夏令营活动。你有意参加。请给该大学写封邮件，内容包括：‎ ‎1. 表示感兴趣；‎ ‎2. 你打算参加的原因；‎ ‎3. 询问相关信息。‎ 注意：1．词数不少于50；‎ ‎2．开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。‎ Dear Sir/Madam,‎ ‎___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________‎ Yours Sincerely,‎ Li Hua ‎【答案】Dear Sir/Madam,‎ I’m from Hongxing Middle School, Beijing, China. I have heard about the summer camp for international students offered by your university. I am very interested in the project.‎ I have been looking for opportunities to experience campus life in the UK, which will definitely help improve my English and deepen my understanding of the English culture. Therefore, I’m writing to you to learn more about the upcoming project in your university.‎ I would be grateful if you provide me with some detailed information. First, what activities will be included in the summer camp? Apart from this, I also want to know the exact time and fee for the camp.‎ Thank you for taking the time to read my letter. I would appreciate it a lot if you could give me an early reply.‎ Yours sincerely,‎ Li Hua ‎【解析】‎ 这是一篇提纲类写作。‎ ‎【详解】第1步：根据提示可知，假设你是红星中学高三学生李华。你从英国笔友Jim的来信中得知他所在的大学正在招募国际学生参加暑期夏令营活动。你有意申请参加。请给该大学写封邮件，内容包括：1. 表示感兴趣；2. 你打算参加的原因；3. 询问相关信息。‎ 第2步：根据写作要求，确定关键词（组）：hear about(听说)；the summer camp (夏令营)；be interested in(感兴趣)；look for(寻找)；deepen (加深)等。‎ 第3步：根据提示及关键词（组）进行遣词造句，注意主谓一致和时态问题。此处文章主要应用现在完成时、现在进行时、一般现在时、一般将来时和现在完成进行时。‎ 第4步：连句成文，注意使用恰当的连词进行句子之间的衔接与过渡，书写一定要规范清晰，保持整洁美观的卷面是非常重要的。‎ ‎【点睛】范文内容完整，语言规范，语篇连贯，词数适当。作者在范文中使用了较多高级表达方式，如I would be grateful if you provide me with some detailed information.运用了if引导的条件状语从句；I would appreciate it a lot if you could give me an early reply.运用it作形式宾语。全文中没有中国式英语的句式，显示了很高的驾驭英语的能力。另外文章思路清晰、层次分明，上下句转换自然，为文章增色添彩。‎ 第二节（20分）‎ ‎52.假设你是红星中学高三学生李华。请根据以下四幅图的先后顺序给学校英文报投稿，记述你所居住的小区在你的建议下建立爱心驿站的过程。‎ 注意：1. 词数不少于60;‎ ‎2. 开头已给出，不计入总词数。‎ 提示词： 物业 the management department Last week, a rest station was set up at my suggestion in our community. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎【答案】Last week, a rest station was set up at my suggestion in our community.‎ One day on my way home, I noticed several deliverymen crowding at the entrance to our ‎ community. At the sight of the workers who were sweating over the work, I suddenly came up with an idea. I decided to do something for them. I went to the management department of our community and suggested setting up a rest station for those deliverymen. The manager listened carefully and thought highly of my suggestion.‎ The next day, a poster was put up on the bulletin board in our community to call on people to donate. Many neighbors expressed their support and contributed some money. Some food and snacks were prepared soon.‎ On Friday afternoon, I returned home after school as usual. To my delight, a rest station had been set up. Several deliverymen and one cleaner were having a rest at the station. Some were drinking water, while others were having fruits. Seeing the bright smiles on their faces, I felt a sense of achievement. What a meaningful experience! A small act of kindness can make a big difference.‎ ‎【解析】‎ 本篇书面表达属于图画作文。记述你所居住的小区在你的建议下建立爱心驿站的过程。‎ ‎【详解】第一步：审题 体裁：记叙文。‎ 时态：根据提示，时态应为一般过去时。‎ 结构：总分法。‎ 要求：‎ ‎1.记述你帮忙建立爱心驿站过程。‎ ‎2.词数不少于60。‎ 第二步：列提纲（重点短语）‎ came up with; set up; think highly of; contribute; a sense of achievement 第三步：连词成句 ‎1. At the sight of the workers who were sweating over the work, I suddenly came up with an idea.‎ ‎2. I went to the management department of our community and suggested setting up a rest station for those deliverymen.‎ ‎3. The manager listened carefully and thought highly of my suggestion.‎ ‎4. Many neighbors expressed their support and contributed some money.‎ ‎5. Seeing the bright smiles on their faces, I felt a sense of achievement.‎ 根据提示及关键词（组）进行遣词造句，注意主谓一致和时态问题。‎ 第四步：连句成篇 ‎1. 表示文章结构顺序：活动的原因；活动的内容；活动的意义 ‎2. 表示并列补充关系：while; after; and; suddenly 第五步：润色修改 ‎【点睛】范文内容完整，要点全面，语言规范，语篇连贯，词数适当，上下文意思连贯。复合逻辑关系。作者在范文中使用了较多的高级表达方式，如who引导的定语从句：At the sight of the workers who were sweating over the work, I suddenly came up with an idea.；现在分词作状语：Seeing the bright smiles on their faces, I felt a sense of achievement.等。文章思路清晰，层次分明，上下句转换自然。为文章增色添彩。‎