【英语】江苏省南通中学2020届高三上学期期中考试试题（解析版）

【英语】江苏省南通中学2020届高三上学期期中考试试题（解析版）

江苏省南通中学2020届高三上学期期中考试英语试题 第一部分 听力(共20题 每题1分 满分20分)‎ 第一节 听下面 5 段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的 A、B、C 三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有 10 秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。‎ ‎1.Which part of the man’s body hurts?‎ A. His back. B. His neck. C. His arms.‎ ‎【答案】A ‎【原文】W: What’s the matter?‎ M: I’ve hurt my back, at the top, near my neck. It hurts when I put my arms up.‎ ‎2.What was the weather like on Saturday?‎ A. Sunny. B. Windy. C. Cloudy.‎ ‎【答案】A ‎【原文】M: Did you have good weather at the beach at the weekend?‎ W: Yes, it was sunny all weekend. There wasn’t a cloud in the sky.‎ M: Wasn’t it windy too?‎ W: Only on Sunday.‎ ‎3.What does the man want to do next?‎ A. Stop for some coffee. ‎ B. Leave for home.‎ C. Keep on working.‎ ‎【答案】C ‎【原文】W: We’ll finish the work soon. Perhaps, we should stop for some coffee here.‎ M: Actually, I should prefer to go on with our work. Or it will be late when we leave for home.‎ ‎4.Why does the girl talk with the man?‎ A. To send an invitation.‎ B. To ask for permission.‎ C. To seek for help.‎ ‎【答案】B ‎【原文】W: Dad, it’s Julia’s birthday today.‎ M: Oh, is she having a party?‎ W: Yes. And she’s invited me to spend the night at her place. Is that all right, Dad?‎ M: OK. Just call me when you want me to pick you up.‎ ‎5.What are the speakers talking about?‎ A. A job. B. An interview. C. An applicant.‎ ‎【答案】C ‎ ‎【原文】W: We’ve interviewed all of the applicants. Now we just have to make a decision.‎ M: Martina Hernandez gave me the best impression. She has the most experience.‎ W: I couldn’t agree more. She is suitable for the job.‎ 第二节 听下面 5 段对话。每段对话后有几个小题，从题中所给的 A、B、C 三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5 秒钟；听完后，各小题给出 5 秒钟的作答时间。每段对话读两遍。‎ 听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。‎ ‎6. Where will the man go first?‎ A. To his office. B. To a library. C. To a bookshop.‎ ‎7. What will the man buy?‎ A. A book. B. A jacket. C. A CD.‎ ‎【答案】6. B 7. C ‎【原文】W: Aren’t you getting off at the next stop?‎ M: You’re right. That’s where I usually get off for the office, but it’s early so I thought I’d stay on as far as the High Street and do a couple of things here.‎ W: Some shopping?‎ M: Yes, after I’ve given this book back. I’ve just finished the last chapter and it’s a few days late, so I’ll have to pay a fine, but it is worth it.‎ W: Then which shop are you going to? You said you need a new jacket.‎ M: I’ve already bought it. I’m going to buy Adele’s new CD.‎ 听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。‎ ‎8. Why doesn’t the man want the telephone sales job?‎ A. It needs working long hours.‎ B. It doesn’t pay well.‎ C. It is not suitable for him.‎ ‎9. What does the man think of the job as an entertainment director assistant?‎ A. Attractive. B. Boring. C. Tiring.‎ ‎【答案】8. C 9. A ‎【原文】W: I really need to find a job now!‎ M: So do I Do you see anything good listed?‎ W: How about this telephone sales job? You call people and try to sell them magazines.‎ M: That sounds boring. And anyway, I’m not good at selling.‎ W: Well, I am! I might check that one out. Oh, here’s one for you. An entertainment director assistant on a ship.‎ M: That sounds fun. I love traveling, and I’ve never been on a ship.‎ W: It says here you have to work every day while the ship is at sea. That’ll be tiring.‎ M: That’s OK. I don’t mind working long hours if the pay is good. I think I’ll apply for it.‎ 听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。‎ ‎10. Why does the man make the phone call?‎ A. To ask for a day off.‎ B. To make an appointment.‎ C. To inform the woman of a lecture.‎ ‎11. What is wrong with the man?‎ A. He has a fever. ‎ B. He feels light-headed.‎ C. He has no appetite.‎ ‎12. When will the man go to see the doctor?‎ A. At 3:00 this afternoon.‎ B. At 2:00 tomorrow afternoon.‎ C. At 3:00 tomorrow afternoon.‎ ‎【答案】10. B 11. C 12. B ‎【原文】W: Doctor’s office. May I help you?‎ M: Yes. My name is John Carver. I’d like to make an appointment to see Dr. Carter.‎ W: What seems to be the problem?‎ M: I guess I have a bad cold.‎ W: Do you feel light-headed or have a fever?‎ M: No, neither. But my nose is often running, and I don’t feel like eating anything.‎ W: Well, let me check the schedule. Dr Carter has an opening at 3:00 this afternoon. Can you come in then?‎ M: At 3:00? No, I’m sorry I can’t. I have an important lecture to attend then. How about tomorrow afternoon?‎ W: Let’s see. Tomorrow afternoon at 2:00?‎ M: Yes, that would be fine.‎ W: All right. See you then.‎ 听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。‎ ‎13. What is the relationship between the speakers?‎ A. Workmates. B. Brother and sister. C. Husband and wife.‎ ‎14. What is the woman going to do?‎ A. Meet some customers.‎ B. Prepare for a party.‎ C. Meet her college friends.‎ ‎15. What does the man suggest the woman wear?‎ A. A purple dress. B. White shoes. C. A white diamond necklace.‎ ‎16. Where will the man go first?‎ A. To his company. B. To a school. C. To his parents’ home.‎ ‎【答案】13. C 14. A 15. C 16. B ‎【原文】M: Why are you so dressed up?‎ W: I am on my way out to the celebration party of my company. And I have to meet some important customers there. How do I look? Is my make-up OK?‎ M: You look great. Your make-up is also perfect.‎ W: Do you think I should wear a different dress?‎ M: No, the one you have on looks great, especially with your purple shoes and your hair like ‎ that.‎ W: Thanks for saying so. Do you have any ideas which necklace I should wear?‎ M: With that dress, I’d say your white diamond necklace would look perfect.‎ W: Thanks for helping out. Now that I’m ready, what are you doing tonight?‎ M: Don’t you remember? I have a get-together party with my college friends.‎ W: Oh, yes. But who is going to pick up our daughter at school?‎ M: Don’t worry. I’ll pick her up and then send her to my parents before I go.‎ 听下面一段独白，回答以下小题。‎ ‎17. When did Alisha realize she wanted to be famous?‎ A. When she was at secondary school.‎ B. When a girl she knew joined in a TV show.‎ C. When her classmate encouraged her to go on a TV show.‎ ‎18. How did Alisha feel when she heard the result of the talent competition?‎ A. Relieved. B. Disappointed. C. Annoyed.‎ ‎19. What did the newspapers say after the talent show?‎ A. They praised Alisha for her singing.‎ B. They commented on Alisha’s appearance.‎ C. They criticized Alisha’s performance style.‎ ‎20. What advice does Alisha give on friendship?‎ A. Treasure your old friends.‎ B. Learn from those famous friends.‎ C. Make friends with people around you.‎ ‎【答案】17. B 18. A 19. B 20. A ‎【原文】M: Today’s guest is singer Alisha Ryan, who was the winner of a well-known TV talent show a few years ago. Tell me, Alisha, was becoming a famous singer something you’d always wanted to do?‎ W: Not really. No. I’d always enjoyed singing, of course, but the idea of becoming a star never occurred to me until I saw Katie Wyatt, who’d been in my class back in my secondary school days, in a talent show. And my brother said I got a better voice than her. I suddenly knew it was something I at least had to try to do.‎ M: And how did you feel when you first went on live TV, and you had that victory?‎ W: Well, I didn’t actually sing that well. I was annoyed with myself and I thought my family and friends were a bit disappointed, too. At one point I was convinced I’d lost, so afterwards I was just glad when the scores were announced and it became clear I hadn’t.‎ M: You did in fact become famous overnight.‎ W: Yes, I realized that the next morning, when the national press had all the news about me.‎ M: I imagine they said a lot of nice things.‎ W: Yes though it was mostly about how I had the right look, how stylish my clothes were and that sort of thing, rather than how I’d actually performed or what they thought of my singing voice.‎ M: How do you feel about friendships among famous people?‎ W: I wouldn’t say that exactly. Just remember it’s probably going to end sometime, and when it does you’ll want to go back to those you were close to before you were famous, so don’t lose touch with them.‎ M: Thank you, Alisha.‎ 第二部分 英语知识运用(共两节，满分35分)‎ 第一节 单项选择(共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分)‎ 请认真阅读下面各题，从题中所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。‎ ‎21.As a neighbor of the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area, Guangxi is _____ the attraction of foreign investment to help build a high-quality economy.‎ A. prioritizing B. providing C. prohibiting D. purchasing ‎【答案】A ‎【详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：毗邻粤港澳大湾区，广西正优先考虑吸引外来投资以帮助建立高质量的经济体。prioritize优先考虑，优先处理；provide提供，规定；prohibit禁止；purchase购买。利用地理位置的优势，广西优先考虑吸引外来投资。故选A项。‎ ‎22.She is now determined to push further and keep on going ________ she once felt like giving up.‎ A. where B. as C. in case D. now that ‎【答案】A ‎【详解】考查连接词辨析。句意：现在，她决定进一步努力，在自己曾经想要放弃的地方继续前行。where在……地方；as按照，正如；in case以防万一；now that既然，由于。结合句意，她是想从曾经想要放弃的地方继续前行，表示地点用where。故选A项。‎ ‎23.This company _____ roundly by unionists and social justice groups when it fired a number of workers for no reason a decade ago.‎ A. condemned B. has condemned ‎ C. has been condemned D. was condemned ‎【答案】D ‎【详解】考查时态及语态。句意：十年前，当这家公司莫名其妙解雇许多员工时，收到了工会和社会正义团体的严厉谴责。该句有明显的时间状语a decade ago十年前，只能跟一般过去时连用。结合句意，这家公司是被谴责，所以要用被动语态。故选D项。‎ ‎【点睛】解时态题，可以结合句中的时间状语，选择相应的时态。至于语态，则根据句意来判断。比如该题有明显的时间状语a decade ago，这是典型的用一般过去时的标志，结合句意，这家公司是被谴责，所以必须要用被动语态，所以选择一般过去时的被动语态。‎ ‎24.Some apps on mobile phones have reportedly collected the phone owners’ information without their _____, even without their knowledge.‎ A. contact B. consent C. contrast D. content ‎【答案】B ‎【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：据报道手机上的有些app不经机主同意就收集他们的信息，甚至机主都不知道。contact联系，联络；consent同意，赞同；contrast对比，对照；content内容，目录。根据后文even without their knowledge可知，是不经机主同意就收集他们的信息，故选B项。‎ ‎25.At the right depth, these bloodfilled veins reflect less red light than the surrounding skin, ______ them look blue by comparison.‎ A. making B. having made C. to make D. to have made ‎【答案】A ‎【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：在合适的深度，这些充血的血管反射的红光比周围的皮肤要少，相比之下会让它们看起来是蓝色的。分析句子结构，主句谓语动词为reflect，设空处需填非谓语动词。可知，此处为现在分词做结果状语（表自然而然的结果）。having made表示make这个动作发生在reflect之前，是错误的；to do通常作目的状语或者结果状语（出乎意料的结果），不符合语境，这里适合用现在分词做结果状语。故选A项。‎ ‎【点睛】解非谓语动词时，首先要分析句子成分，判断非谓语动词在句中作什么成分，然后根据具体的成分，判断它跟逻辑主语之间的主动或被动关系来确定选项。比如该题，分析句子结构，主句谓语动词为reflect，设空处需填非谓语动词。可知，此处为现在分词做结果状语（表自然而然的结果）。having made表示make这个动作发生在reflect之前，是错误的；to do通常作目的状语或者结果状语（出乎意料的结果），不符合语境，这里适合用现在分词做结果状语。故选A项。‎ ‎26.Usually newborn babies can ______ between a man’s and a woman’s voice.‎ A. squeeze B. trap C. inspect D. discriminate ‎【答案】D ‎【详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：往往新生儿能辨别男士和女士的声音。squeeze挤压，榨出；trap使陷入困境，卡住；inspect检查，视察；discriminate辨别。根据between a man’s and a woman’s voice可知，新生儿能分清男士和女士的声音。故选D项。‎ ‎27.China will _____ AI courses to be offered at primary and secondary schools to let children keep pace with the times.‎ A. compensate for B. hunt for C. make for D. push for ‎【答案】D ‎【详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：中国将争取在小学和中学开设人工智能课程，以此让孩子们跟上时代的步伐。compensate for补偿；hunt for寻找；make for促成；push for争取，不断要求。中国是争取将人工智能纳入在中小学课程中，故选D项。‎ ‎28.The road began sinking some months back, with dips becoming _____ in the road.‎ A. apparent B. arbitrary C. approximate D. ample ‎【答案】A ‎【详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：数月前，这条路就开始下沉，凹陷处变得很明显。apparent显而易见的，表面上的；arbitrary任意的，专横的；approximate大约的，近似的；ample足够的，丰裕的。道路塌陷，凹陷处是显然易见的。故选A项。‎ ‎29.She ______ to clean out the spare room last week, but it was much too occupied at that time.‎ A. intended B. was intended C. had intended D. was intending ‎【答案】C ‎【详解】考查时态。句意：她上周本打算打扫那间空余的房间，但那时候房间太拥挤了。‎ had intended to do sth.意为“本打算做某事却未做”；intend to do sth.意为“打算做某事”；was intended to do sth.意为“为了……”。intend/plan/mean都可以用过去完成时表示“本打算做……但事实没做成”。故选C。‎ ‎30.She wouldn’t have flown off the handle _____the fact that you didn’t intend to hurt her.‎ A. were she to know B. had she known C. did she know D. should she have known ‎【答案】B ‎【详解】考查虚拟语气。句意：如果她知道你并没有打算伤害她这一事实的话，她就不会勃然大怒。根据题中wouldn't have 和fact后的同位语从句的时态可知，这是对过去时间的虚拟。在if的非真实条件句中，对过去时间的虚拟从句谓语动词要用had done，省略连词if后，句子要用部分倒装，即had提前至从句主语之前。故选B项。‎ ‎31.Unfortunately, Puccini died of a heart attack ______ he completed this final scene, and it had to be completed by one of his former students, Franco Alfano.‎ A. when B. before C. after D. since ‎【答案】B ‎【详解】考查状语从句连接词辨析。句意：不幸的是，普契尼没来得及完成最后一幕就死于心脏病，只得由他以前的一个学生法兰高.阿法奴完成。when当……时；before在……之前；after在……之后；since自从，既然。普契尼是在完成最后一幕剧之前去世了，所以只得由他人完成。before符合题意。故选B项。‎ ‎【点睛】解状语从句主要是根据题文，了解从句和主句之间的逻辑关系，是表示时间还是原因或者方式或者其他。比如此题，普契尼死于心脏病与他完成最后一幕之间是什么关系。根据下文，他的学生替他完成了，说明他没有能够完成最后一幕剧。由此我们可以推断，他是在完成最后一幕剧之前去世的，主句和从句之间是时间先后关系，故选B项。‎ ‎32. When asked about their opinion about the schoolmaster, many teachers would prefer to see him step aside __________ younger men.‎ A. in terms of B. in need of C. in favor of D. in praise of ‎【答案】C ‎【详解】考查介词短语辨析。句意：当被问及对校长的看法时，许多老师宁愿看到他站在一边，支持较年轻的人。A. in terms of就……而言，从……而论；B. in need of 需要；C. ​in favor of支持，拥护；D. in praise of称赞，表扬。根据句意分析, C项符合题意。故选C项。‎ ‎33.The manager said that not one mistake _____ to see reported to him in the following month.‎ A. would he want B. had he wanted C. he would want D. he had wanted ‎【答案】A ‎【详解】考查倒装句和时态。句意：经理说，接下来的一个月，他不想有错误汇报给他。not one mistake否定意义的短语置于句首要部分倒装，即将助动词置于主语he之前，结合本句的时态，经理说用的是一般过去时，在接下来的一个月应该用过去将来时，即would。故选A项。‎ ‎34.A man ought to follow his heart when reading, or _____ he reads as a task will do him little good.‎ A. that B. how C. why D. what ‎【答案】D ‎【详解】考查主语从句连接词。句意：一个人阅读时，必须走心，否则，作为任务而进行的阅读对他将没什么好处。A. that引导名词性从句时，没有意义，在从句中不做成分；B. how如何，引导名词性从句，在从句中做状语；C. why为什么，引导名词性从句，在从句中做状语；D. what引导主语从句，做句子成分。分析句子成分得知，此处是主语从句，这个主语从句缺少动词read的宾语，应使用what引导，意为“……的事物”。故选D项。‎ ‎35.Sorry for failing to get what you wanted. He kept silent about the matter except saying ______.‎ A. that’s his feet of clay B. a little bird told him C. he wanted to kill the fatted calf D. he was the salt of the earth ‎【答案】B ‎【详解】考查情景交际。句意：很抱歉未能获得你想要的。他对这件事保持沉默，除了说有人告诉他的。that's his feet of clay那是他的致命弱点；a little bird told him有人告诉他的； he wanted to kill the fatted calf他想设宴款待； he was the salt of the earth他是善良而诚实的人。他保持沉默，什么具体信息也不透露，只说是有人告诉他的。故选B项。‎ 第二节 完形填空(共20小题；每小题1分，满分20分)‎ 阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从各题所给的四个选项中，选出最佳选项。‎ On a freezing December afternoon, Tyler Freburger was standing in front of a set of mirrors wearing a suit picked out for him by a tailor to attend a funeral. As a homeless veteran (老兵) ‎ living in Baltimore, Mr. Freburger would usually have difficulty ___36___ such an outfit (一套衣服), especially one selected for him ___37___. But in this instance, he was ___38___ the nonprofit Sharp Dressed Man.‎ Since 2011, the organization has been helping men improve their lives by ___39___ them for job interviews and other ___40___ with well-fitting suits. This is not a “grab any jacket off the rack (架子)” kind of experience; ___41___, the nonprofit provides a “measure-to-fit”, personalized styling experience. The nonprofit was ___42___ by clothing designer Christopher Schafer. He opened a shop in downtown Baltimore not long after ___43___ from London, where he learned the art of ___44___ and design. Once when Schafer was ____45____ some custom suits to a customer, he was ____46____ handed two bags of gently ____47____ suits in return.‎ ‎“He said I ____48____ him with how I made his custom suits fit, and he couldn’t wear his old suits anymore.” Schafer found a nonprofit that would ____49____ the suits, but as time went on, more of his ____50____ did the same thing. At the suggestion of a friend, he decided to found his own nonprofit, Sharp Dressed Man.‎ The organization’s space ____51____ a traditional men’s clothing store, ____52____with volunteer tailors and racks of clothing. It’s open one day a week for those who have been referred.‎ Schafer sees the nonprofit as filling the ____53____ between job training and the ____54____ required for a person to land a job. “If you treat a guy with ____55____, he has a better chance of treating himself with it,” he says.‎ ‎36. A. sorting B. storing C. sewing D. securing ‎37. A. automatically B. personally C. partly D. generally ‎38. A. appointed to B. accustomed to C. referred to D. opposed to ‎39. A. promoting B. arranging C. rewarding D. equipping ‎40. A. occasions B. discounts C. benefits D. systems ‎41. A. thus B. meanwhile C. otherwise D. instead ‎42. A. found B. launched C. surrounded D. shifted ‎43. A. escaping B. returning C. differing D. hearing ‎44. A. counting B. transporting C. measuring D. packing ‎45. A. delivering B. ordering C. folding D. advertising ‎46. A. naturally B. doubtfully C. urgently D. unexpectedly ‎47. A. donated B. alternative C. worn D. clumsy ‎48. A. bothered B. spoiled C. discouraged D. interrupted ‎49. A. exhibit B. possess C. accept D. clean ‎50. A. relatives B. designers C. clerks D. clients ‎51. A. suits B. threatens C. resembles D. strengthens ‎52. A. adequate B. complete C. economic D. complicated ‎53. A. hardship B. relationship C. gap D. position ‎54. A. status B. feel C. talent D. look ‎55. A. dignity B. curiosity C. honesty D. caution ‎【答案】36. D 37. B 38. C 39. D 40. A 41. D 42. B 43. B 44. C 45. A 46. D 47. C 48. B 49. C 50. D 51. C 52. B 53. C 54. D 55. A ‎【分析】‎ 这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了非盈利性时尚着装组织是如何产生的，以及这个组织如何帮助一些特定的人群的。‎ ‎【36题详解】‎ 考查动词词义辨析。句意：作为一个生活在Baltimore无家可归的老兵，Freburger先生往往很难获得这么一套衣服，尤其还是一套为他个别选定的。A. sorting分类；B. storing储存；C. sewing缝纫；D. securing获得。Freburger先生是一位无家可归的老兵，所以很难获得或者得到这样一套服装。故选D项。‎ ‎【37题详解】‎ 考查副词词义辨析。句意：作为一个生活在Baltimore无家可归的老兵，Freburger先生往往很难获得这么一套衣服，尤其还是一套为他个别选定的。A. automatically自动地；B. personally个别地；C. partly部分地；D. generally一般地。这套衣服不是随便挑选的，而是个别或专门为他而定的，“私人订制”式的。故选B项。‎ ‎【38题详解】‎ 考查动词短语辨析。句意：但是，在这种情况下，他被人介绍到非盈利性时尚着装组织这里。四个选项的意思需要结合前面的was来分析：A. was appointed to被指派；B. was accustomed to习惯于；C. was referred to被带去（某处寻求帮助）；D. was opposed to反对（某事物）。Freburger 先生要去参加葬礼，但自己是个穷人，所以其他人介绍他到这个慈善组织这里来接受帮助。refer sb. to…将某人送交/介绍给……（接受帮助）用在这里符合题意，故选C项。‎ ‎【39题详解】‎ 考查动词词义辨析。句意：自从2011年以来，这个组织一直通过给人们提供合身的套装，用于参加面试或用作其他场合，来帮助他们改善他们的生活。A. promoting促销，促进；B. arranging安排，排列；C. rewarding奖赏，奖励；D. equipping配备，装备。面试或其他场合需要着装得体，这个组织给人们这类帮助。equip sb. with sth表示给某人配备某物，给某人提供某物，符合题意。故选D项。‎ ‎【40题详解】‎ 考查名词词义辨析。句意：自从2011年以来，这个组织一直通过给人们提供合身的套装，用于参加面试或用作其他场合，来帮助他们改善他们的生活。A. occasions场合；B. discounts折扣；C. benefits益处；D. systems体系。and连接的内容是并列的，根据and前面的职场面试，其他场合这个选项符合题意。故选A项。‎ ‎【41题详解】‎ 考查副词词义辨析。句意：这个组织提供的不是“从架子上随便抓件衣服”的那种体验，而是“量体裁衣”私人订制风格的那种体验。A. thus因此；B. meanwhile与此同时；C. otherwise否则；D. instead反而，取而代之。这个组织不是随随便便拿件衣服，代替这种随便态度的是量体裁衣，私人订制，instead用在这里符合题意。故选D项。‎ ‎【42题详解】‎ 考查动词词义辨析。句意：这个非盈利性活动是由服装设计师Christopher Schafer发起的。A. found发现；B. launched发起；C. surrounded包围；D. shifted转移。该题最容易误选A，found作为动词原形，表示建立，但此处是被动语态，应填founded。设计师发起了这项活动，符合题意。故选B项。‎ ‎【43题详解】‎ 考查动词词义辨析。句意：从伦敦回来后不久，他在Baltimore市中心开了家店。他在伦敦学的是测量和设计。A. escaping逃跑；B. returning返回；C. differing不同；D. hearing听到。他在伦敦学习，然后回到Baltimore开店。故选B项。‎ ‎【44题详解】‎ 考查动词词义辨析。句意：从伦敦回来后不久，他在Baltimore市中心开了家店。他在伦敦学的是测量和设计。A. counting计算；B. transporting运输；C. measuring测量；D. packing 打包。他是个设计师，需要学习跟制作衣服相关的知识，包括量体裁衣。故选C项。‎ ‎【45题详解】‎ 考查动词词义辨析。句意：一次，当他给一个顾客送一些订制西装时，他没想到这个顾客给了他两袋没穿过几次的旧衣服。A. delivering送货，递送；B. ordering订购，命令；C. folding折叠；D. advertising登广告。他给顾客设计衣服，制作好了之后，要送货给对方。故选A项。‎ ‎【46题详解】‎ 考查副词词义辨析。句意：一次，当他给一个顾客送一些订制西装时，他没想到这个顾客给了他两袋没穿过几次的旧衣服。A. naturally自然地；B. doubtfully怀疑地；C. urgently紧急地；D. unexpectedly出乎意料地。他是送货给对方的，对方给了他两袋没怎么穿过的衣服，这是他没有料到的。故选D项。‎ ‎【47题详解】‎ 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：一次，当他给一个顾客送一些订制西装时，他没想到这个顾客给了他两袋没穿过几次的旧衣服。A. donated捐赠的；B. alternative可选择的；C. worn穿过的；D. clumsy笨拙的。顾客因为有了设计师设计的新的合身的衣服，所以给设计师的是自己穿过的，磨损不严重的（gently worn）衣服。故选C项。‎ ‎【48题详解】‎ 考查动词词义辨析。句意：他说，我给他量身定制的衣服把他给宠坏了，他不能再穿自己以前的旧衣服了。A. bothered使烦恼；B. spoiled宠坏；C. discouraged使泄气；D. interrupted打断。有了好的衣服，旧的就不想穿了，就像被宠坏了一样。故选B项。‎ ‎【49题详解】‎ 考查动词词义辨析。句意：Schafer找到了一家非盈利性机构可以接受这些衣服，但随着时间的流逝，他的客户中，越来越多的人做同样的事。A. exhibit展示；B. possess拥有；C. accept接受；D. clean清理。他没创建这个组织之前，是捐给其他非盈利性机构，机构接受这些衣服。故选C项。‎ ‎【50题详解】‎ 考查名词词义辨析。句意：Schafer找到了一家非盈利性机构可以接受这些衣服，但随着时间的流逝，他的客户中，越来越多的人做同样的事。A. relatives亲属；B.designers设计者；C. clerks职员；D. clients客户。先是有一个客户怎么做，然后是越来越多的客户做同样的事。故选D项。‎ ‎【51题详解】‎ 考查动词词义辨析。句意：这个组织跟传统的制衣店相似，里面有充当志愿者的裁缝，还有许多的衣服。A. suits适合；B. threatens威胁；C. resembles相似；D. strengthens加强。传统的制衣店有裁缝，有成架成架的衣服。结合上文，这个组织跟它相似，也有裁缝给前来求助者量体裁衣。故选C项。‎ ‎【52题详解】‎ 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这个组织跟传统的制衣店相似，里面有充当志愿者的裁缝，还有许多的衣服。A. adequate足够的；B. complete完整的；C. economic经济的；D. complicated复杂的。这个组织也有裁缝和许多的衣服，跟传统制衣店相似。complete with something意为“装备有某物，具有某特点”符合题意。故选B项。‎ ‎【53题详解】‎ 考查名词词义辨析。句意：Schafer认为这个非盈性组织填补了工作培训与获得一份工作所需要的外貌之间的空白。A. hardship艰苦；B. relationship关系；C. gap缺口，空隙；D. position位置。职场培训要求，外貌端正去参加工作面试，才会有机会被录用。这之间的缺口就是很多人没有适当的衣服使自己看起来外貌端正，而这个组织刚好填补了这一缺口，为求助者提供适当的衣服。fill the gap填补空白。故选C项。‎ ‎【54题详解】‎ 考查名词词义辨析。句意同上。A. status地位；B. feel感受；C. talent天赋；D. look外貌。一个人找工作，需要注意自己的外貌部分。衣着得体才有可能被录用。故选D项。‎ ‎【55题详解】‎ 考查名词词义辨析。句意：如果你给予对方尊严，很有可能，对方也会尊重自己。A. dignity尊严；B. curiosity好奇心；C. honesty诚信；D. caution谨慎。给予一个人礼遇和尊严，对方也会觉得自己是重要的，也会尊重自己。故选A项。‎ ‎【点睛】完形填空的解题技巧之一就是要根据上下文来学会“推理”出最佳选项。同学们要遵循“上下求索”的原则来查找信息。例如，第3小题结合下文倒数第二段“It’s open one day a week for those who have been referred.”我们可以判断选择referred to，刚好refer sb. to…将某人送交/介绍给……（接受帮助）用在这里符合题意，故选C项。比如：15小题，根据上文“Once when Schafer was___45___some custom suits to a customer, he was ___46___handed two bags of gently ___47___suits in return.”提到设计师的一个顾客送了一些旧衣服给他，可以判断更多的他的顾客或客户做同样的事情，故选D项。‎ 第三部分 阅读理解(共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分)‎ 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项中，选出最佳选项。‎ A From 16th to 27th March 2019 the ATOM Festival wants to show you that science is definitely for you. ATOM takes place in Abingdon, one of the UK’s “Science Capitals” sitting at the heart of British Science between Culham, Harwell and Oxford.‎ ATOM 2019 begins with five leading scientists, engineers and educators taking up our “Three Million Dollar Challenge”— solving the big challenge of how to get more people into science and technology.‎ As well as showcasing inspiring speakers — including BBC science presenter and mathematician Dr Hannah Fry — this year sees a broader range of formats and events than ever before, and much of it is free thanks to our sponsors and supporters: the Science Market, the Family Science Fair, the Discovery Dome, family shows, lectures, stand-up science comedy and film screenings. Working through the Abingdon Science Partnership your local school will also have been offered the chance to join in one of our competitions. On the fiftieth anniversary of the first moon landing, we’ve gathered together science fiction authors to imagine our future in space.‎ Ticket Prices If you are planning to go to several events, take a moment to consider our Festival Pass, costing £20. Once purchased, the pass entitles the holder to attend all the festival events at no further cost.‎ Passes do not include refreshments which must be purchased separately at the venue. Passes cannot be used by more than one person. There is no under-18s Festival Pass. Due to separate ticketing arrangements this Pass is not valid for the Apollo 13 Film Show at Abbey Cinema.‎ ‎56. What is one of the attractions of this year’s ATOM Festival?‎ A. It lasts longer than ever before.‎ B. Visitors can experience more diverse events.‎ C. It takes place in Oxford University for the first time.‎ D. Some astronauts will be present in memory of the moon landing.‎ ‎57. What can we learn about Festival Passes?‎ A. They offer no discounts for teenagers.‎ B. They can be used jointly by family members.‎ C. They give group visitors access to free refreshments.‎ D. They allow holders to watch the Apollo 13 Film Show.‎ ‎【答案】56. B 57. A ‎【分析】‎ 这是一篇应用文，主要介绍了ATOM节日的相关安排。‎ ‎【56题详解】‎ 细节理解题。由第三段第一句话“As well as showcasing inspiring speakers — including BBC science presenter and mathematician Dr Hannah Fry — this year sees a broader range of formats and events than ever before”可知，除了有BBC科学节目主持人和数学家Hannah Fry博士外，今年比以往有更广泛的活动和安排。所以参观者们可以体验更多的活动。而且A项说时间比以往要长，文章没有提到，C项说是第一次在牛津大学举行，文章也没提到，D项说有宇航员将出席，同样也没提及。故选B项。‎ ‎【57题详解】‎ 细节理解题。由最后一段“There is no under-18s Festival Pass.”18岁以下的没有这种通票。上文说到“If you are planning to go to several events, take a moment to consider our Festival Pass, costing £20. Once purchased, the pass entitles the holder to attend all the festival events at no further cost.”如果你打算参与几个活动，可以考虑一下我们的节日通票，20英镑。一旦购买，所有活动都可以参与，无需另外的费用。这种通票属于一种优惠，相当于折扣价。结合选项，故选A项。‎ ‎【点睛】细节理解题可以用排除法去做，比如第一小题，A项说活动时间比以往要长，文章没有提到；C项说是第一次在牛津大学举行，文章也没提到；D项说有宇航员将出席，同样也没提及。故选B项。‎ B Fireflies flash not just for mating (交配), but survival, a new study suggests. Scientists wanted to find out if there’s more to the lightning bug’s signature blinking glow (一闪一闪的亮光) than finding a mate. Some experts had assumed it was a glaring signal to predators (捕食者), like bats, that fireflies taste bad.‎ To test out whether the glow acted like that, researchers at Boise State University in Idaho put bats and fireflies in front of high-speed cameras. They published their results in Wednesday’s ‎ journal Science Advances.‎ The painstaking experiment required researchers to introduce western bats, which had never seen lightning bugs before, to the insects. Later, they hand-painted firefly bellies black, turning off their night lights but avoiding the holes the insects breathe through. When the bats first saw the unfamiliar lit-up fireflies, they acted excitedly and ate a lot of the bugs, only to get a bad taste in their mouths. “They shake their heads and spit and generally hate their caretakers for giving them such a rude meal,” said study author Jesse Barber, a Boise State biology professor and author of the study. After a few tries, the bats then avoided the glowing fireflies. Despite the popular misconception, bats aren’t blind, a study author noted.‎ Once the fireflies essentially taught bats that they taste bad, Barber and his colleagues introduced the darkened fireflies. About 40 percent of the painted ones were eaten, while none of the normal fireflies were eaten. Researchers also think the way lightning bugs fly signals what they are. To test that they put fireflies on fishing lines and the bats went after them, despite already knowing that fireflies don’t taste good. The results make sense and are valuable, said Nick Dowdy, a Purdue University researcher in Indiana, who was not involved in the study.‎ Scientists already knew that fireflies have distinctive flash patterns that tell others who they are and where they are. And some females prefer males that flash at higher rates, according to study co-author Marc Branham of University of Florida. Barber noted that even in their larval (幼虫) stage, the bugs glow and don’t get eaten. So he theorized that when it comes to evolution, fireflies’ glowing trait (特点) may have developed first as protection from predators and later became a mating signal.‎ So, Barber said, “Bats may have invented fireflies.”‎ ‎58. The purpose of the researchers’ study is to see________‎ A. whether fireflies flash to warn their predators away B. how fireflies react to high-speed cameras C. how fireflies flash to attract a mate D. when fireflies make a bright light ‎59. Why did the researchers put fireflies on fishing lines?‎ A. To hide their flashes.‎ B. To make them fly faster.‎ C. To make them more energetic.‎ D. To change their flying patterns.‎ ‎60. What does Barber mean in the last paragraph?‎ A. Bats have influenced fireflies’ evolution.‎ B. Bats and fireflies depend on each other.‎ C. Bats have similar traits to fireflies.‎ D. Bats tend to avoid larval fireflies.‎ ‎【答案】58. A 59. D 60. A ‎【解析】‎ 这是一篇科普说明文，介绍了科学家通过实验研究，得出结论：萤火虫这类发光的虫子，之所以发光，不仅仅是为了交配，更多的是为了生存：以发光的方式告诉捕食者它们并不是很美味。‎ ‎【58题详解】‎ 细节理解题。由第一段“Some experts had assumed it was a glaring signal to predators (捕食者), like bats, that fireflies taste bad.”可知，一些专家认为，发光是一种信号，向捕食者，比如蝙蝠，暗示它们并不是很美味。为了验证这一观点，科学家们做了些研究。结合选项，故选A项。‎ ‎【59题详解】‎ 推理判断题。由第四段“Researchers also think the way lightning bugs fly signals what they are. To test that they put fireflies on fishing lines and the bats went after them,”可知，研究者也认为发光虫子飞行的方式暗示了它们的身份。为了验证这个，他们将萤火虫缚在钓鱼线上，后面跟着蝙蝠。由此可以推断，研究者将萤火虫缚在鱼线上是为了改变它们的飞行方式，迷惑后面的蝙蝠。故选D项。‎ ‎【60题详解】‎ 词义猜测题。由倒数第二段“Barber noted that even in their larval (幼虫) stage, the bugs glow and don’t get eaten. So he theorized that when it comes to evolution, fireflies’ glowing trait (特点) may have developed first as protection from predators and later became a mating signal.”可知，Barber注意到，即使在幼虫期，这些虫子发光，就不会被吃掉。因此他推测，萤火虫发光的特点首先作为对捕食者的防护，后来才发展成为求偶信号。也就是说捕食者对发光虫子的进化有一定影响。结合上面的理论，他才说“也许是蝙蝠发明了萤火虫。”故选A项。‎ C You have probably read about robots replacing human labor as automation takes root in one industry after another. But a new report suggests humans are not the only ones who might lose their jobs.‎ In New Zealand, farmers are using drones (无人机) to herd (放牧) and monitor livestock (牲畜), assuming a job that highly intelligent dogs have held for more than a century. The robots have appropriated one of the animal’s effective tools: barking, Radio New Zealand reports. The DJI Mavic Enterprise, a $3,500 drone favored by farmers, has a feature that lets the machine record sounds and play them over a loud speaker, giving the machine the ability to imitate its canine counterparts.‎ Corey Lambeth, a shepherd on a sheep and beef farm, told RNZ the machines are surprisingly effective. “That’s the one thing I’ve noticed when you’re moving cows and calves: the old cows stand up to the dogs, but with the drones, they’ve never done that.” he said. That means the drones move livestock faster, with less stress, than the dogs do.‎ Farmers told RNZ the drones come in handy for more than just herding cows and sheep. The robots allow farmers to monitor their land from afar, monitoring water and feed levels and checking on livestock health without disturbing the animals.‎ Jason Rentoul told RNZ last spring that a two-hour herding job that used to require two people and two teams of dogs could be accomplished in 45 minutes using a single drone.“Being a hilly farm where a lot of stuff is done on foot, the drones really saved a lot of man hours,” he said. “The drone does the higher bits that you can’t see (from the ground). Before using drones, you would (otherwise) have to walk half an hour to go and have a look and then say, “Oh, there are no sheep here.”‎ Farmers all over the world are using drones. In South Africa, they monitor crop health from above, which boosts harvests, according to CNN. In California, winemakers use drones equipped with sensors to grow healthier grapes, according to MIT Technology Review. Because drones fly closer to the ground, they are able to provide high-resolution images that are less expensive than hiring someone to fly over a field in a manned aircraft, the publication reported.‎ For now, farmers in New Zealand say, some dogs are already learning to work alongside drones, identifying the machines as more co-worker than enemy. Besides, there is still a need for ‎ herding dogs, primarily because they have a longer life span than drones, can work in bad weather and do not require an electrical socket (插座) every few hours to recharge.‎ ‎61. The underlined part in Paragraph 2 probably refers to “_____”.‎ A. farmers’ order B. dogs’ barking C. the call of sheep D. the sound of loud speakers ‎62. What’s the advantage of drones according to the farmers?‎ A. They can be purchased at a low price.‎ B. They put less stress on livestock.‎ C. They can do more than one task efficiently.‎ D. They help them monitor weather conditions.‎ ‎63. What does Paragraph 6 mainly talk about?‎ A. The secret to harvesting healthier grapes.‎ B. The application of drones in global agriculture.‎ C. How drones provide less expensive but clearer images.‎ D. Why manned aircraft are losing appeal for ‎64. It can be inferred from the last paragraph that ________.‎ A. drones function normally in extreme weather B. farmers are troubled by where to charge drones C. the herding dogs show no enthusiasm to drones D. drones cannot replace dogs entirely at the moment ‎【答案】61. B 62. C 63. B 64. D ‎【解析】‎ 这是一篇说明文。在新西兰一些农场，无人机可以代替牧羊犬放牧，监管牲畜。当然无人机不能完全取代牧羊犬，更多的是互相合作。‎ ‎【61题详解】‎ 词义猜测题。根据划线词所在句The DJI Mavic Enterprise, a $3,500 drone favored by farmers, has a feature that lets the machine record sounds and play them over a loud speaker, giving the machine the ability to imitate its canine counterparts.（农民们最喜欢的价值3500‎ 美元的DJI Mavic Enterprise无人机，它有一个功能，可以让机器录下声音，通过扩音器播放，让机器能够模仿its canine counterparts.）及划线词所在句前的The robots have appropriated one of the animal’s effective tools: barking, Radio New Zealand reports.（新西兰无线广播电台报道，机器人已经可以盗用狗狗的有效武器：犬吠）可推知，its canine counterparts指的是上文所说的犬吠。故选B项。‎ ‎【62题详解】‎ 推理判断题。由第四段可知，无人机很好用，不仅仅只用来牧羊畜牧。还可以让农场主远程监控土地情况，水源和供料情况以及检查牲畜健康情况而不会干扰到它们。第五段第一句话Jason Rentoul told RNZ last spring that a two-hour herding job that used to require two people and two teams of dogs could be accomplished in 45 minutes using a single drone.（去年春天，Jason Rentoul告诉RNZ，一项过去需要两个人和两组狗的两个小时的放牧工作可以用一架无人机在45分钟内完成）由此判断，无人机的优势是能有效地完成多项任务。故选C项。‎ ‎【63题详解】‎ 主旨大意题。第六段第一句话Farmers all over the world are using drones.（全世界的农场主都在使用无人机）是中心句，下文用几个事例进一步说明无人机在全球各地农业方面的运用。故选B项。‎ ‎【64题详解】‎ 推理判断题。根据最后一段中的Besides, there is still a need for herding dogs, primarily because they have a longer life span than drones, can work in bad weather and do not require an electrical socket (插座) every few hours to recharge.（此外，人们仍然需要牧羊犬，主要是因为它们的寿命比无人机长，可以在恶劣天气下工作，而且不需要每隔几小时充电一次）可推知，目前无人机还不能完全取代狗狗。故选D项。‎ D The outstanding biography — from the same author who brought us Steve Jobs and Einstein —portrays the life of the complicated Renaissance (文艺复兴时期的) artist with details. We come to see da Vinci as not only an inventor of musical instruments and early flying machines, but also a notebook keeper and vegetarian (素食者), who had trouble finishing many of the projects and paintings he started.‎ Yet what is most thrilling is getting to know da Vinci the scientist. Isaacson explains how ‎ loving science and applying the scientific method to observing the world was really what made da Vinci a great artist and, Isaacson argues, a genius.‎ Da Vinci was fascinated with observing and understanding phenomena in nature, from the proportions of the human body to how the muscles of the lips moved. He wanted to know about everything around him, in minute detail, Isaacson writes. He wondered about questions “most people over the age of ten no longer puzzle about”— for instance, how the tongue of a woodpecker works.‎ To learn about the world, da Vinci combined his own observations with experimentation. Never formally schooled, “he preferred to induce from experiments rather than deduce from theoretical principles,” Isaacson explains. He recorded his observations, looked for patterns among them, and then tested those patterns through additional observation and experimentation.‎ When he became fascinated with the idea that he could invent flying machines, three and a half centuries before the Wright brothers flew the first airplane, he observed various birds and filled notebooks with the function and speed at which their wings flapped. That’s why Isaacson calls da Vinci an exemplar of this scientific method.” He goes on:“Galileo, born 112 years after Leonardo, is usually credited with being the first to develop this kind of approach and is often regarded as the father of modern science,” the historian Fritjof Capra wrote. “There can be no doubt that this honor would have been bestowed (赐予) on Leonardo da Vinci had he published his scientific writings during his lifetime, or had his notebooks been widely studied soon after his death.”‎ Da Vinci’s emphasis on empirical observation also helped him improve his art. First, he was able to use what he learned from looking at nature to paint and draw. His studies of the body, animals, motion, shadow and light, perspective and proportion helped him better understand what he was seeing in front of him, and render it in art more accurately and finely than anyone else of his time. He also used his observations of nature to make connections among phenomena. A recorder (竖笛) was like a larynx (喉管) in the throat. Here’s Isaacson again: What Leonardo probably began as four distinct elements ended up woven together in a way that illustrates a fundamental theme in his art and science: the interconnectedness of nature, the unity of its patterns, and the similarity between the workings of the human body and those of the earth.‎ Most importantly, his curiosity-driven explorations, and ability to connect art and science,‎ ‎ helped him innovate in his work. They helped him think differently, Isaacson argues. Da Vinci made surprisingly diverse series of discoveries, including conceptualizing the helicopter and solar power and advancing knowledge about everything from the reproductive organs to botany. This genius is also what drew Isaacson to Albert Einstein and Steve Jobs as subjects: They’re all innovators who were inspired by and drew connections between art and science.‎ ‎“Leonardo da Vinci is the ultimate example of the main theme of my previous biographies: how the ability to make connections across disciplines — arts and sciences, humanities and technology — is a key to innovation, imagination, and genius,” Isaacson writes. And this wonderful book is a reminder, in a time of increasingly narrow specialization and focus, that the methods of Renaissance men like da Vinci are as relevant as ever.‎ ‎65. What is the highlight of da Vinci’s biography?‎ A. His unfinished paintings.‎ B. His preference for vegetables.‎ C. His spirit of exploring science.‎ D. His opposition to formal education.‎ ‎66. What made da Vinci’s thinking different from others?‎ A. He was used to skipping school.‎ B. He kept his childhood’s sense of curiosity.‎ C. He was filled with ambition to become an artist and inventor.‎ D. He developed a fascination with historical novels.‎ ‎67. Why does Isaacson mention Galileo in the book?‎ A. To introduce his important findings.‎ B. To memorize the father of modern science.‎ C. To show the prejudice faced by da Vinci during his lifetime.‎ D. To illustrate the significance of da Vinci’s research method.‎ ‎68. The underlined word “render” in Paragraph 6 can be replaced by “_____”.‎ A. express B. mix C. confirm D. associate ‎69. What does Isaacson think of the methods of Renaissance men?‎ A. They are too complicated to understand.‎ B. They focus on the workings of the human body.‎ C. They are more accurate than modern methods.‎ D. They still apply to contemporary scientific research.‎ ‎70. What might be the best title for the passage?‎ A. How a Genius Changed the World B. The Features of Renaissance Art C. How Science Shaped His Art D. The Comparison between Induction and Deduction ‎【答案】65. C 66. B 67. D 68. A 69. D 70. C ‎【解析】‎ 本文是说明文。文章介绍了热爱科学并运用科学方法观察世界，是达芬奇成为伟大艺术家和天才的真正原因。‎ ‎【65题详解】‎ 细节理解题。根据第二段中的Isaacson explains how loving science and applying the scientific method to observing the world was really what made da Vinci a great artist and, Isaacson argues, a genius.（艾萨克森解释道，热爱科学并运用科学方法观察世界，正是达芬奇成为伟大艺术家和天才的真正原因）可知，热爱科学并运用科学方法观察世界，正是达芬奇成为伟大艺术家和天才的真正原因。由此可知，达芬奇传记的亮点是他探索科学的精神。故选C项。‎ ‎【66题详解】‎ 细节理解题。根据第三段中的He wondered about questions “most people over the age of ten no longer puzzle about”— for instance, how the tongue of a woodpecker works.（他想知道“大多数十岁以上的人不再困惑的问题”——例如，啄木鸟的舌头是如何工作的）可知，​他保持了童年的好奇心。故选B项。‎ ‎【67题详解】‎ 逻辑推理题。根据第五段中That’s why Isaacson calls da Vinci an exemplar of this scientific method. ”He goes on: “Galileo, born 112 years after Leonardo, is usually credited with being the first to develop this kind of approach and is often regarded as the father of modern science,（这就是为什么艾萨克森称达芬奇是这种科学方法的典范。他继续写道:“伽利略，比列奥纳多晚出生112‎ 年，通常被认为是第一个提出这种方法的人，通常被认为是现代科学之父，）可知，艾萨克森在书中提到伽利略是为了说明达芬奇研究方法的意义。故选D项。‎ ‎【68题详解】‎ 词义猜测题。根据划线词所在句子His studies of the body, animals, motion, shadow and light, perspective and proportion helped him better understand what he was seeing in front of him, and render it in art more accurately and finely than anyone else of his time.可知，他对身体、动物、运动、影子和光线、透视和比例的研究帮助他更好地理解眼前的事物，并且比同时代的任何人都更准确、更细致地将其呈现在艺术中。所以render译为“表达，体现”。故选A项。‎ ‎【69题详解】‎ 推理判断题。由最后一段And this wonderful book is a reminder, in a time of increasingly narrow specialization and focus, that the methods of Renaissance men like da Vinci are as relevant as ever.（这本精彩的书是一个提醒，在一个越来越狭隘的专业化和聚焦的时代，像达芬奇这样的文艺复兴人的方法和以往一样重要）可知，艾萨克森认为文艺复兴时期的人们的方法仍然适用于当代科学研究。故选D项。‎ ‎【70题详解】‎ 主旨大意题。根据第二段中的Isaacson explains how loving science and applying the scientific method to observing the world was really what made da Vinci a great artist and, Isaacson argues, a genius.（艾萨克森解释道，热爱科学并运用科学方法观察世界，正是达芬奇成为伟大艺术家和天才的真正原因）可知，热爱科学并运用科学方法观察世界，正是达芬奇成为伟大艺术家和天才的真正原因。下文对此进行了详细介绍。由此可知，C项How Science Shaped His Art（科学如何塑造他（达芬奇）的艺术）适合做本文最佳标题。故选C项。‎ 第四部分 任务型阅读(共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分)‎ 请认真阅读下列短文，并根据所读内容在文章后表格中的空格里填入一个最恰当的单词。‎ Anxiety is a typical human reaction to stress. But too much anxiety can get in the way of living a healthy, happy life. If you feel caught up in your anxiety, try one or a few of the following exercises anytime and anywhere to find relief.‎ When you’re feeling anxious, you might notice that your heart rate and breathing get a bit faster. First, you should sit in a quiet and comfortable place. Put one of your hands on your chest and the other on your stomach.‎ Then take a slow and regular breath in through your nose. Watch and sense your hands as ‎ you breathe in. The hand on your chest should remain still while the hand on your stomach will move slightly. Breathe out through your mouth slowly. Repeat this process at least 10 times or until you begin to feel relaxed.‎ If it doesn’t work, try think of your ideal place that you find very calming, happy, peaceful, and safe. Think about how the place would smell, feel, and sound. Envision yourself in that place, enjoying it comfortably.‎ Once you have a good picture of your “happy place,” close your eyes and take slow and regular breaths through your nose and out of your mouth. Be aware of your breathing and continue focusing on the place you’ve imagined in your mind until you feel your anxiety lifting.‎ But it can be hard to think clearly when you feel anxious. Sometimes anxious thinking can make us believe harmful thoughts that are untrue or make us do things that make our anxiety worse. Here’s how to avoid so: ask yourself whether endless worry is a problem for you. If the answer is yes, it’s good to be aware of that. Then try different ways such as singing a silly song, , listening to music, reading a book or the like.‎ Counting is also a simple way to ease your anxiety. When you feel anxiety washing over you, close your eyes and slowly count to 10. If necessary, repeat and count to 20 or an even higher number. Keep counting until you feel ease.‎ Sometimes this relief occurs quickly, but other times it might take a while. Stay calm and patient. It’s a great tool to use in a crowded or busy space where you can’t do other anxiety exercises.‎ Choose an anxiety exercise and try it until you’re feeling relaxed. If one exercise doesn’t work, try a different one. But anxiety exercises may not work for those with generalized anxiety disorder (GAD). If you have GAD, consult your doctor for more effective treatment options.‎ Anxiety exercises to help you relax Introduction Too much anxiety can ___71___ with your healthy and happy life. One or a few of the exercises can help you relieve yourself anytime and anywhere.‎ Relax by ___72___‎ Controlling your breath can help address your body’s stress ‎ ‎___73___, like increased heart rate and rapid breathing.‎ ‎*Find a quiet and comfortable place, and breathe in slowly and regularly through your nose, with one hand on your chest remaining still and the other on your stomach ___74___ slightly Relax by visualizing Paint a mental picture of a place that makes your relaxed and happy.‎ ‎*Find an ideal place to relax and imagine enjoying yourself while thinking of the ___75___.‎ ‎*Take slow and regular breaths through your nose and out of your mouth, with your eyes closed and your attention ___76___ on the happy place.‎ Relax by interrupting your anxious thinking Anxiety thinking can result in a bad ___77___. It’s helpful to break it.‎ ‎*Identify the problem and try different ways like singing a silly song, , listening to music, reading a book and so on.‎ Relax by ___78___‎ When other anxiety exercises might be challenging to ___79___ out, counting may work.‎ ‎*Keep counting slowly until you find your anxiety decreasing.‎ Conclusion Choose one anxiety exercises and keep trying until you feel ___80___ anxious. However, it makes sense for those with GAD to consult doctors.‎ ‎【答案】71. interfere 72. breathing 73. responses/reactions 74. moving 75. details 76. focused/fixed 77. cycle 78. counting 79. carry 80. less ‎【分析】‎ 这是一篇议论文。文章主要介绍了几种缓解焦虑的练习方法，来帮助人们放松。‎ ‎【71题详解】‎ 考查动词interfere 根据第一段“But too much anxiety can get in the way of living a healthy, happy life.”可知，太多的焦虑可能会阻碍人们过健康而幸福的生活。原文用了get in the way,表格用了固定短语interfere with，与get in the way意思相近，故填interfere。‎ ‎【72题详解】‎ 考查动词breathing 根据第三段“Then take a slow and regular breath in through your nose.”可知，你可以通过你的鼻子慢慢地、有规律地呼吸。这里是建议人们通过呼吸去缓解焦虑。结合表格，跟在介词by后，要用动名词，故填breathing。‎ ‎【73题详解】‎ 考查名词responses/reactions 根据第二段“When you’re feeling anxious, you might notice that your heart rate and breathing get a bit faster.”可知，当你焦虑时，你可能会注意到自己心跳加快，呼吸急促。这些都是焦虑的正常反应。再结合第一段“Anxiety is a typical human reaction to stress.”可知焦虑是人对压力的典型反应。结合表格，控制呼吸可以帮助处理一些压力的反应，故填reactions或responses。‎ ‎【74题详解】‎ 考查动词moving 根据第三段“The hand on your chest should remain still while the hand on your stomach will move slightly.”可知，放在胸部的手不动，而放在胃部的另一只手轻轻移动。结合表格，这里是with 后面的复合宾语，手跟移动之间是主动关系，故填现在分词moving。‎ ‎【75题详解】‎ 考查名词details 根据第四段“Think about how the place would smell, feel, and sound. Envision yourself in that place, enjoying it comfortably.”可知，想象一下这个地方是什么味道，感觉怎样，听起来怎样。想象自己身在其中，舒适地去享受。所以这里是利用想象来放松，通过想象你所处地方的各种细节，来沉浸其中，达到放松效果。故填details。‎ ‎【76题详解】‎ 考查动词focused/fixed 根据第五段“Be aware of your breathing and continue focusing on the place you’ve imagined in your mind until you feel your anxiety lifting.”可知，要注意自己的呼吸，关注点在你所想象的这个地方，直到自己感到不怎么焦虑了。结合表格，fix/focus one’s attention on 与原文的focus on刚好意思相近，而且这里是with 后面的复合宾语，attention与focus或者fix之间是被动关系，故填过去分词focused或fixed。‎ ‎【77题详解】‎ 考查名词cycle 根据第六段“Sometimes anxious thinking can make us believe harmful thoughts that are untrue or make us do things that make our anxiety worse.”，有时焦虑时的思维会让我们相信一些不真实的想法，或者让我们去做一些事情使自己更焦虑。这正如一个恶性循环。a bad cycle是固定短语，意为恶性循环。故填cycle。‎ ‎【78题详解】‎ 考查动词counting 根据第七段“Counting is also a simple way to ease your anxiety.”可知，数数也是一种简单的缓解焦虑的方法。结合表格，此处是作介词by的宾语，需要用动名词形式，故填counting。‎ ‎【79题详解】‎ 考查动词carry 根据表格，这是本文推荐的最后一个方法。所以当表格中提到，当其他方法不奏效，或者执行起来比较难的时候，可以试试数数。carry out意为执行，而且此处是跟在动词不定式to后，填动词原形，故填carry。‎ ‎【80题详解】‎ 考查副词less 根据最后一段“Choose an anxiety exercise and try it until you’re feeling relaxed.”可知，选择一种焦虑练习法，试着做，直到你感觉放松了。结合表格，此处的直到你感觉不怎么焦虑跟原文的感觉放松意思相近。less anxious不怎么焦虑。故填less。‎ ‎【点睛】解任务型阅读既要理解原文，也要理解表格。表格是对原文结构的一种再梳理，填词时要正确定位原文，找到相对应的句子或短语，继而进行短语替换或词汇的改变或句型的转换。比如第一题，我们找到原文里的get in the way与表格里的短语____ with对应，所以我们填interfere with;再比如第三题，表格里要求填控制呼吸可以帮助处理压力的一些______。我们定位到第二段“When you’re feeling anxious, you might notice that your heart rate and breathing get a bit faster.”可知，当你焦虑时，你可能会注意到自己心跳加快，呼吸急促。这些都是焦虑的正常反应。再结合第一段“Anxiety is a typical human reaction to stress.”可知焦虑是人对压力的典型反应。所以，这里填reactions或responses。‎ 第五部分 书面表达(共1小题；满分25分)‎ ‎81.请认真阅读下列材料和图表，并按照要求用英语写一篇150词左右的文章。‎ Campus security has recently attracted wide public attention. In order to ensure the safety of teachers and students, our school prohibits strangers, students’ parents included, from entering the campus at will. This rule has aroused a strong response from parents. For this reason, our school has recently conducted a public opinion survey among students on whether parents should enter ‎ campus. The results of the survey are as follows.‎ ‎【写作内容】‎ ‎1.用约30个单词概括阅读材料的主要内容；‎ ‎2.用约120个单词简要描述图中的信息(包括人数比率、观点及原因)；并就“家长该不该进校园”谈谈你的看法和理由。‎ ‎【写作要求】‎ ‎1.可以参照阅读材料的内容，但不得直接引用原文中的句子；‎ ‎2.不必写标题；‎ ‎3.作文中不能出现真实姓名和学校名称。‎ ‎【评分标准】‎ 概括准确，语言规范，内容合适，语篇连贯。‎ ‎___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎【答案】Possible version 1 (不赞同):‎ To ensure security, strangers including parents are banned from entering our campus, which has brought about heated discussions among parents. So a survey has been made among the students about whether parents should be included.‎ According to the survey, 60% of the students think parents should be included because it is a rule everyone should obey. Another 25% subscribe to the view that there is no need for the ban as their beloved parents couldn’t be a danger to anyone. However, the rest think the guards can make a proper decision depending on certain situations.‎ Personally, I agree with most students. As the saying goes, “Prevention is better than cure.” Proper measures should be taken before it’s too late. As for parents, they have some other ways to ‎ keep in touch with their children, like making calls or asking for teachers’ help. All in all, campus security calls for everyone’s concern and cooperation.‎ Possible version 2 (不赞同):‎ To ensure security, strangers including parents are banned from entering our campus, which has brought about heated discussions among parents. So a survey has been made among the students about whether parents should be included.‎ According to the survey, 60% of the students think parents should be included because it is a rule everyone should obey. Another 25% subscribe to the view that there is no need for the ban as their beloved parents couldn’t be a danger to anyone. However, the rest think the guards can make a proper decision depending on certain situations.‎ I agree parents can enter campus according to the actual situation. For example, if parents come to school at the request of their children who need any help, or at the invitation of the school, the head teacher or the subject teacher to exchange information about their children’s learning, then I think the guard should let the parents into campus after contacting the relevant personnel and registering the parents’ identity information.‎ ‎【分析】‎ 这是一篇读写类作文。要求考生先用30个字左右概括阅读材料，简要描述图中信息，并就“家长该不该进校园”发表自己的观点并阐明理由。概括短文内容应用第三人称。全文主要时态是一般现在时。‎ ‎【详解】第一步：审题 体裁：读写类作文 时态：概括短文内容应用第三人称。全文主要时态是一般现在时。‎ 结构：总分法 ‎   总分法指把主题句作为总说，把支持句作为分说，并以这种方式安排所写内容。‎ 写作要点：1.用约30字概括阅读材料内容。（1）为了安全起见，学校禁止陌生人包括家长进入校园，这在家长之间产生了一些热议。（2）因为这些热议，学校进行了一些调查。‎ ‎2.简要描述图中信息，比如人数比率、观点及原因等。‎ ‎3.就“家长该不该进校”发表自己的观点和理由（赞成或反对）。‎ 第二步:列提纲 （重点词组）‎ be banned from；bring about heated discussions subscribe to the view；there is no need；be a danger to；depending on certain situations；agree with；keep in touch with；call for（不赞成父母进校）‎ at the request of; at the invitation of;（不赞成禁止父母进校）‎ 第三步：连词成句 ‎1. To ensure security, strangers including parents are banned from entering our campus, which has brought about heated discussions among parents.‎ ‎2. Another 25% subscribe to the view that there is no need for the ban as their beloved parents couldn’t be a danger to anyone.‎ ‎3. As the saying goes, “Prevention is better than cure.”(不赞成父母进学校)‎ ‎4. All in all, campus security calls for everyone’s concern and cooperation.（不赞成禁止父母进学校）‎ 根据提示及关键词（组）进行遣词造句，注意主谓一致和时态问题。‎ 第四步：连句成篇（衔接词）‎ ‎1.表文章结构顺序：First of all, Firstly/First, Secondly/Second… And then, Finally, In the end, At last ‎2.表并列补充关系：What is more, Besides, Moreover, Furthermore, In addition As well as, not only…but (also), including,‎ ‎3.表转折对比关系：However, On the contrary, but, Although+clause(从句), In spite of+n/doing,On the one hand…,On the other hand… Some…,while others…,as for, so…that… ‎ ‎4.表因果关系：Because, As, So, Thus, Therefore, As a result ‎ 连句成文，注意使用恰当的连词进行句子之间的衔接与过渡，书写一定要规范清晰，‎ 第五步：润色修改 ‎【点睛】范文内容完整，要点全面，语言规范，语篇连贯，词数适当，上下文意思连贯，符合逻辑关系。作者在两篇范文中都使用了较多高级短语或句型，比如范文1里的be banned from；subscribe to the view；call for；there is no need和范文2中的at the request of; at the invitation of。范文1里还用到了主从复合句与俗语的结合，如：As the saying goes, “Prevention is better than cure.”既运用了as引导的定语从句，又结合了俗语。范文2运用了复合句，如For example, if parents come to school at the request of their children who need any help, or at the invitation of the school, the head teacher or the subject teacher to exchange information about their children’s learning, then I think the guard should let the parents into campus after contacting ‎ the relevant personnel and registering the parents’ identity information.这是一个if条件状语从句和主句构成的复合句。全文中没有中国式英语的句式，显示了很高的驾驭英语的能力。另外，文章思路清晰、层次分明，上下句转换自然，为文章增色添彩。‎