【英语】2018届二轮复习形容词、副词考点学案

【英语】2018届二轮复习形容词、副词考点学案

形容词、副词考点 形容词和副词是中学英语中的重要词法，也是高考测试的热点之一。下面结合高考试题，谈谈形容词、副词的考查热点。‎ 一、考查形容词副词的位置 ‎1. 单个形容词作定语，通常放在所修饰的名词之前。但else修饰疑问代词what, who, which, whose以及由some, any, no与body, one, thing等结合而成的代词时，else放在这些词后面；表语形容词alike, awake, alone, asleep, afraid等以及present（出席的，到场的）作定语时，须放在所修饰词的后面。‎ ‎【考例】 If this dictionary is not yours, ____ can it be?（2001北京春季卷）‎ A. what else B. who else C. which else's D. who else's ‎【答案】 D ‎【解析】 该句意为：如果这本字典不是你的，它可能会是谁的？else修饰疑问代词要放代词后，who else's后省略了dictionary，选项B指人，不是指字典。‎ ‎【考例】 All the people ____ at the party were his supporters.（2002北京卷）‎ A. present B. thankful C. interested D. important ‎【答案】 A ‎【解析】 present表示“出席的”，为表语形容词，作定语要后置。‎ ‎2. 多个形容词修饰同一名词作定语时，可采用口诀“县（限）官（观）行（形）令（龄）宴（颜）国才（材）”来记忆排列顺序，效果不错。“限”是指冠词、代词、数词、描述性形容词等表示限定的词；“观”是指“大小”、“长短”、“高低”等表示外观的词；“形”是指“圆”、“方”等表示形状的词；“龄”是指表示“新旧”、“老幼”的词；“颜”指颜色词；“国”指“国籍”、“产地”；“材”指“材料”、“质地”。‎ ‎【考例】 This ____ girl is Linda's cousin.（2005北京卷）‎ A. pretty little Spanish B. Spanish little pretty C. Spanish pretty little D. little pretty Spanish ‎【答案】 A ‎【解析】 pretty是表示描述性的形容词，little是表示“大小”的形容词，Spanish是表示“国籍”的形容词，根据口诀，可确定答案为A。‎ ‎3. 复合形容词只能作前置定语，中间用连字符连接，其中的名词应使用单数形式。‎ ‎【考例】 It took us quite a long time to get to the amusement park. It was ____ journey. （2010上海卷）‎ A. three hour B. a three-hours C. a three-hour D. three hours ‎【答案】 C ‎【解析】 此题考查复合形容词作定语。应使用“数词+连字符+名词”的形式，其中连字符连接的名词用单数形式，a three-hour journey意为“三小时的路程”。‎ ‎4. 副词可作状语，位置比较灵活，可放在句首，也可放在句中或句尾。‎ ‎【考例】 ____, some famous scientists have the qualities of being both careful and careless.（2004上海春季卷）‎ A. Strangely enough B. Enough strangely C. Strange enough D. Enough strange ‎【答案】 A ‎【解析】 此处作状语，应使用副词strangely，enough修饰形容词或副词时应放在被修饰词之后。‎ 二、考查同义词（组）辨析 ‎1. 兼有两种形式的副词：与形容词同形的副词表示具体意义，带-ly的副词表示抽象意义。常见的有：‎ close接近地；closely仔细地，密切地 free免费地；freely自由地，无拘束地 hard努力地；hardly几乎不 high高；highly高度地，非常地 deep深；deeply深深地（抽象意义）‎ wide宽；widely广泛地 late晚；lately近来 most极，非常；mostly主要地 near邻近；nearly几乎 ‎【考例】 It was raining heavily. Little Mary felt cold, so she stood ____ to her mother.（2002北京卷）‎ A. close B. closely C. closed D. closing ‎【答案】 A ‎【解析】 此处表示站得离母亲“近”，表示具体的距离，应使用close。‎ ‎2. much too与too much much too的中心词为too（副词），其后跟形容词或副词；too much的中心词是much（形容词），其后跟名词。‎ ‎【考例】 It's high time you had your hair cut; it's getting ____. （2009全国卷II）‎ A. too much long B. much too long C. long too much D. too long much ‎【答案】 B ‎【解析】 修饰形容词long应使用much too。‎ ‎3. so与such so是副词，不能修饰名词，应修饰形容词；such是形容词，可修饰名词。其搭配结构是：so+形容词+a/an+可数名词单数；such+a/an+（形容词）+名词。如果是不可数名词或复数名词，则只能用such，不能用so。‎ ‎【考例】 We were in ____ when we left that we forgot the airline tickets.（2003上海卷）‎ A. a rush so anxious B. a such anxious rush ‎ ‎ C. so an anxious rush D. such an anxious rush ‎【答案】 D ‎【解析】 也可以用so anxious a rush。‎ 三、考查具体语境中形容词副词的使用 ‎【考例】 They gave money to the old people's home either ____ or through their companies.（2015安徽卷）‎ A. legally B. sincerely C. personally D. deliberately ‎【答案】 C ‎【解析】 句意为：他们给老人的家里送钱，有的是以个人的名义，有的则是通过他们的公司。legally意为“合法地”；sincerely意为“真诚地”；personally意为“亲自，当面地”；deliberately意为“故意地”。根据句意选择C项。‎ ‎【考例】 Thanks for your directions to the house; we wouldn't have found it ____.（2014江西卷）‎ A. nowhere B. however C. otherwise D. instead ‎【答案】 C ‎【解析】 本题考查副词词义辨析。句意为：多亏你指明了房子的方向，要不然我们是找不到的。nowhere意为“任何地方都不，无处”；however意为“然而”；otherwise意为“否则，要不然”；instead意为“代替，而不是”。本句实际上是一个含蓄条件句，表示的是与过去事实相反的虚拟语气，主句使用的“情态动词+have done”，otherwise=if there had not been your directions to the house。‎ ‎【考例】 — Can you lend me the book Gone with the Wind?‎ ‎— Sorry. I returned it to the library just now. Maybe it is still ____.‎ ‎（2012福建卷）‎ A. available B. affordable C. acceptable D. valuable ‎【答案】 A ‎【解析】 根据前半句“我刚刚还给图书馆”和空格所在句中的still可知这本书或许是“还可得到的”，故用available。而affordable意为“支付得起的”；acceptable意为“可接受的”；valuable意为“贵重的”，均与题意不符。‎ ‎【考例】 Father ____ goes to the gym with us although he dislikes going there. （2010湖南卷）‎ A. hardly B. seldom C. sometimes D. never ‎【答案】 C ‎【解析】 考查副词在具体语境中的使用。A项意为“几乎不”，B项意为“很少”，C项意为“有时”，D项意为“从不”。句意为：尽管父亲不喜欢去那儿，但他有时还是和我们一起去锻炼。故选C项。‎ 四、考查形容词副词的比较等级 ‎1. 考查同级比较结构中倍数和名词的位置以及形容词与副词的选用。‎ 一般说来，倍数应位于as... as... 结构的前面，名词通常位于as... as... 结构里面，当名词是可数名词单数时，应使用“as+形容词+a / an+单数名词+as”结构。‎ ‎【考例】 It's said that the power plant is now ____ large as what it was.（2013安徽卷）‎ A. twice as B. as twice C. twice much D. much twice ‎【答案】 A ‎【解析】 考查比较级倍数表达句型。句型为：倍数+as+形容词、副词原级+as+比较对象。故选A项。‎ ‎【考例】 This restaurant wasn't ____ that other restaurant we went to.（2012全国新课标卷）‎ A. half as good as B. as half good as C. as good as half D. good as half as ‎【答案】 A ‎【解析】 句意为：这家餐馆还不如我们去的另一家餐馆的一半好。同级比较结构中倍数应位于as... as... 结构的前面，即“倍数+as+形容词原级+ as... ”，故本题选A项。‎ ‎【考例】 The new stadium being built for the next Asian Games will be ____ the present one.（2011陕西卷）‎ A. as three times big as B. three times as big as C. as big as three times D. as big three times as ‎【答案】 B ‎【解析】 同级比较结构中，倍数应放在as... as结构的前面，构成“倍数+as+形容词+as +名词”结构。‎ ‎2. 考查形容词副词比较级前的修饰语。比较级前可加much, far, by far, a lot, a great deal, a bit, a little, still, even, rather, any, no等修饰，但不能用very, quite, fairly, so, too等只能修饰原级的词。‎ ‎【考例】 — The film is, I have to say, not a bit interesting.‎ ‎— Why? It's ____ than the films I have ever seen.（2011江西卷）‎ A. far more interesting B. much less interesting C. no more interesting D. any less interesting ‎【答案】 A ‎【解析】 程度副词可修饰形容词比较级，放于比较级前。而根据语境，前一个人称这部电影很没意思。后一个人进行反问：“为什么？我觉得它比我之前看的任何电影都有趣多了。”故正确选项为A。此题考查形容词比较级的用法，同时考查对not a bit的理解。“not a bit”意为“一点也没有；一点也不”，而另外一个类似的短语“not a little”则意为“很多；非常”。‎ ‎【考例】 After two years' research, we now have a ____ better understanding of the disease.（2007全国卷II）‎ A. very B. far C. fairly D. quite ‎【答案】 B ‎【解析】 四个选项中只有far能修饰比较级，其他副词只能修饰原级。‎ ‎3. 考查用比较级形式表达最高级意义。‎ ‎1） 否定意义的词与比较级连用，常可用来表达最高级意义。‎ ‎【考例】 Mr. Black is very happy because the clothes made in his factory have never been ____.（2010全国卷Ⅱ）‎ A. popular B. more popular C. most popular D. the most popular ‎【答案】 B ‎【解析】 句意为：布莱克先生非常高兴，因为他的工厂生产的衣服从未如此受人欢迎。此处比较级与否定词连用表示最高级意义。‎ ‎2） 两者进行比较时，常用“the+比较级”表示最高级意义。‎ ‎【考例】 Of the two coats, I'd choose the ____ one to spare some money for a book.（2007四川卷）‎ A. cheapest B. cheaper C. more expensive D. most expensive ‎【答案】 B ‎【解析】 根据前文可知表示从两者中选择，应使用“the+比较级”，从后面“余出些钱买书”可知要买那件“较便宜的”。‎ ‎【考例】 If the manager had to choose between the two, he would say John was ____ choice.（1995上海卷）‎ A. good B. the best C. better D. the better ‎【答案】 D ‎【解析】 表示两者中“最……”，要用the+比较级。‎ ‎4. 考查暗含比较。近年来的高考题在测试比较级时倾向于不出现比较的对象，而让考生通过语境体会比较的意味，这一点须引起注意。‎ ‎【考例】 How much ____ she looked without her glasses! （2009全国卷I）‎ A. well B. good C. best D. better ‎【答案】 D ‎【解析】 考查暗含比较。这是一个感叹句，意思是“她不戴眼镜比戴着眼镜好看得多！”‎ ‎【考例】 — Is your headache getting ____?‎ ‎— No, it's worse.（2005全国卷Ⅲ）‎ A. better B. bad C. less D. well ‎【答案】 A ‎【解析】 根据否定答语中的worse可知，头疼不但没有变好，而是变得更糟糕了。‎ ‎【考例】 Mary kept weighing herself to see how much ____ she was getting. （2004全国卷）‎ A. heavier B. heavy C. the heavier D. the heaviest ‎【答案】 A ‎【解析】 根据句意“玛丽不停地称体重是为了看看自己（比以前）重了多少”可知，本题考查的也是暗含比较，应选A。‎ 五、考查形容词（短语）作伴随状语 形容词（短语）常可作伴随状语。如：‎ He returned home, safe and sound.他安全地回家了。‎ He is standing there, full of fear.他站在那儿，充满了恐惧。‎ He lay in bed, wide awake.他躺在床上，十分清醒。‎ ‎【考例】 ____ and short of breath, Andy and Ruby were the first to reach the top of Mount Tai.（2009浙江卷）‎ A. To be tried B. Tired C. Tiring D. Being tired ‎【答案】 B ‎【解析】 short of breath是形容词短语，and并列的也应该是形容词，此处是形容词短语作伴随状语。‎ 巩固练习 ‎1. He worked very late last Sunday. He went to bed, ____.‎ A. coldly and hungry B. cold and hungry C. coldly and hungrily D. being cold and angry ‎2. John plays football ____, if not better than David.‎ A. as well B. as well as C. so well D. so well as ‎3. The old man was puzzled by the fact that ____ medicine he took, ____ he seemed to be.‎ A. the less; the better B. the most; the worst ‎ C. little; well D. the more; and the worst ‎4. The piano in the other shop will be ____ but ____.‎ A. cheaper；not as good B. cheaper; not as better C. more cheap；not as better D. more cheap；not as good ‎5. — Excuse me, is this Mr. Brown's office?‎ ‎— I'm sorry，but Mr. Brown ____ works here. He left about three weeks ago.‎ A. not more B. no more C. not still D. no longer ‎6. How beautifully she sings! I have never heard ____.‎ A. the better voice B. a good voice C. a best voice D. a better voice ‎7. Wait till you are more ____. It's better to be sure than sorry.‎ A. inspired B. certain C. calm D. satisfied ‎8. Jimmy is the oldest boy and is taller than ____ boy in the class.‎ A. the other B. any other C. each D. all ‎9. — The weather isn't good enough for an outing, is it?‎ ‎— Not in the least. We can not have ____ at this time of the year.‎ A. a worse day B. a nicer day C. such bad a day D. so fine day ‎10. While tidying the room, Jim found the ____ toy bought for him as a birthday present.‎ A. fine plastic small B. plastic flue small C. small fine plastic D. fine small plastic ‎11. You'd better go and buy some tomatoes for the dinner party, for you see, there are ‎ ‎____ tomatoes left in the basket than I imagined.‎ A. far more B. far fewer C. many more D. many fewer ‎12. I have ____ to give you as a gift.‎ A. something enough good B. enough good something C. something good enough D. good enough something ‎13.The plane flew smoothly ____ in the sky and people spoke ____ of the experienced ‎ pilot.‎ A. high; high B. highly; highly C. high; highly D. highly; high ‎14. Can you believe that in ____ a rich country there should be ____ many poor people?‎ A. such; such B. such; so C. so; so D. so; such ‎15. — Can Li Hua help me with my English?‎ ‎— I regret to tell you her English is ____ yours.‎ A. as good as B. no more than C. no better than D. as much as ‎16. Of the two, I would prefer ____ camera, which is easy for me to carry.‎ A. a small B. a smaller C. the small D. the smaller ‎17. It is reported that the United States uses ____ energy as the whole of Europe.‎ A. as twice B. twice much C. twice much as D. twice as much ‎18. The Education Ministry suggests teachers should receive ____ education to catch up ‎ with the ____ development.‎ A. farther; late B. farther; later C. further; lately D. further; latest ‎19. Nowhere have I seen ____ beautiful valley. There are small rivers, flowers and trees ‎ everywhere.‎ A. a more B. the more C. the most D. a most ‎20. There was silence. “Poor Henry,” he said at last, ____ to himself than to anyone else.‎ A. better B. louder C. more D. clearer ‎21. Mr. Smith said that their first trip to the seaside town was ____ one, but their second ‎ one was even more interesting.‎ A. the most interesting B. very interesting ‎ C. a most interesting D. a more interesting ‎22. The number of fans present at the football match was ____ than expected, so there ‎ were many tickets left.‎ A. much more B. much larger C. much smaller D. many more ‎23. — Henry treats his secretary badly.‎ ‎— Yes. He seems to think that she is the ____ important person in the office.‎ A. hardly B. least C. less D. most ‎24. The Dongfeng company has produced ____ it did last year.‎ A. twice more trucks as B. twice as many trucks as C. twice as much trucks as D. as twice many trucks as ‎25. — Are you feeling ____ now?‎ ‎— Yes. Much happier than ever and I have become thinner and thinner since I joined ‎ the health club.‎ A. rather well B. more better C. quite good D. any better ‎26. — Do you think it's a good idea to make friends with your students?‎ ‎— ____, I do. I think it's a great idea.（2009安徽卷）‎ A. Really B. Obviously C. Actually D. Generally ‎27. It seems that living green is ____ easy and affordable. A small step masks a big ‎ difference.（2009福建卷）‎ A. exactly B. fortunately C. surprisingly D. hardly ‎28. I can ____ be a teacher. I'm not a very patient person.（2009湖南卷）‎ A. seldom B. ever C. never D. always ‎29. Compared with his sister, Jerry is even more ____ to, and more easily troubled by, ‎ emotional and relationship problems.（2009江苏卷）‎ A. skeptical B. addicted C. available D. sensitive ‎30. It was a nice house, but ____ too small for a family of five.（2009天津卷）‎ A. rarely B. fairly C. rather D. pretty 形容词、副词考点：‎ ‎1-5 BBAAD　 6-10 DBBAD　 11-15 BCCBC　‎ ‎16-20 DDDAC　 21-25 CCBBD　 26-30 CCCDC