2019届二轮复习短文改错解题高分技巧课件-(37张)

2019届二轮复习短文改错解题高分技巧课件-(37张)

短文改错 解题指导 201 9 二轮复习 语法专题 第四部分：写作(共两节，满分35分) 第一节 短文改错(共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分) 假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文， 请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有 10处 错误， 每句中 最多有两处 。错误涉及 一个单词 的 增加 、 删除 或 修改 。 增加 ：在 缺词处 加一个 漏字符号 ( Λ )，并在 其下 面 写出该加的词。 删除 ：把多余的词用 斜线 ( ＼ )划掉。 修改 ：在错的 词下 划一 横线 ，并在该词 下面 写出 修改后的词。 注意 ： 1．每处错误及其修改均仅限 一词 ； 2．只允许修改 10处 ，多者(从第11处起)不计分。 My dream school starts at 8:30 a. m and ends at 3:30 p. m. They are three lessons in the morning and two in the afternoon. We didn’t need to do so many homework. Therefore , we have more time with after- school activities. For example, we can do reading for one and a half hour and play sport for one hour every day. _______ _______ _______ ______ ______ There don't much for hours My dream school look like a big garden. There are all kinds of the flowers and trees around the classroom buildings. We can lie on the grass for a rest, sat by the lake, listening music. The teachers here are kind and helpfully. They are not only our teachers but also our friends. ______ ___________ ＼ ∧ helpful to sit ____ looks Part 1 短文改错题应注意的“12345” “1”，即一个应关注的基本点——英汉差异 从实词（动词、名词、形容词、副词、代词）的变形到虚词（冠词、介词、连词）的搭配，从词类的功能到句式的运用等无不体现了英汉两种语言的巨大差异，这种差异成为中国学生英语学习的重点和难点。短文改错材料来自于学生的习作，而中国学生在使用英语时最常犯的错误就是中式英语。 “2”，即要两条腿走路，兼顾语法和语篇 短文改错的考查目的就是以语篇为单位测试考生发现、判断、纠正英语词法、句法以及语篇中的行文逻辑等方面错误的能力。它既考查考生的词汇和语法方面的能力，也考查考生的语篇阅读理解与运用能力。 “3”，即 短文改错解题三个原则 1、以不改变原文原意为原则。从文体、主旨、结构、人称、时态、逻辑等方面还原文意。 2、以改动最少为原则。共计 10 处错误；每句至多两错；每错只改一词；可改可不改千万不改。 3、以实词主要改变词形，虚词换词、增词或去词为原则。 “4”，即短文改错试题设置错误的四种类型 1 ）一致性（主谓一致、人称一致、名词或代词数的一致等）； 2 ）屈折性（实词的变形：动词的时态语态语气、非谓语动词形式、名词的数或所有格、形容词及副词的类别或比较级别等）； 3 ）搭配性（介词、连词、冠词功能及搭配的辨析）； 4 ）逻辑性（特定语境下逻辑关系词汇的正确性，以及肯定还是否定、主动还是被动、真实还是虚拟）。 “5” ，即 短文改错的五个解题步骤 一、通读全文、主旨贯通、时态定位。快速阅读短文， 确保 在做题之前弄清原文大意（文体、话题、篇章结构、脉络线索、时态、人称等）。 二、整句理解、结构分析、意群排除。 分析词法、句法、逻辑上是否有问题， 增加、删除或修改词汇。 三、 先易后难、边校边改、广泛撒网。 四、复读检查、验证答案、有错必纠。一要注意已改错误的正确性，二 要注意错误点的分散与比例、项目与类型。 五、转涂题卡、清晰书写、规范作答。 Part2 短文改错的考点及解题训练 总的来说，短文改错的设置主要集中在对 词的用法 ， 行文逻辑 与 句子结构 等三个方面判断错误并改正。以下通过案例来逐个分析： I. 词的错误 1. 名词 1) 考查名词单复数 , 可数与不可数的误用 2) 考查名词形容词词性误用 1.You must pay great attention to your healthy. 2.He always gave her valuable Christmas and birthday present. healthy health present presents 2. 动词 1) 考查动词的时态误用 , 特别是现在时和过 去时的误用 2) 考查动词的语态误用 3) 考查主谓一致误用 4) 动词短语搭配误用 1.He works very hard in the past. 2.The teacher with his students are playing football. 3.He got home and found his house had broken into. works worked are is Λ been 3. 形容词和副词 1) 形容词和副词在修饰上的误用 ( 修饰名词、代词用形容词，作名词的宾语补足语用形容词；修饰动词、形容词、副词、短语结构及句子等用副词 ) 2) 比较级中形容词和副词的形式误用 3) 词义上的误用 Mary wanted to buy him something real special. 2.Surprising, he didn’t pass the examination. 3.He could play football as good as, if not better than Jack. 4.They are strong against me going there. 5.He always makes his room tidily. real really Surprising Surprisingly good well strong strongly tidy tidily 1. He said he could play football well than Jack. 2.English is wide used in the whole world. 3.Most of the teachers think high of that boy. 4.I don’t feel good today, so I want to ask for a leave. 5.The ill boy was taken good care of in this hospital. better well wide widely high highly good well ill sick 4. 冠词 不定冠词 a 和 an 互换 a / an 在特殊语境下的多余和短缺 3) 定冠词 the 在特殊语境下的误用 1. He was not a honest boy, so his classmates didn’t trust him. 2. There is an university in our city. 3. Please have a fun at the party. 4. He was put in the prison because he stole so many things from a house. a an an a a the 5. 连词 主要设置在两个需要连接词的分句之间，连词错误或有时误用副词来连接分句。 He was ill, because he didn’t go to school. He should have told us the secret, and he didn’t. 3. Work hard, then you will succeed. because so then and and but 6. 介词 主要设置错误为 : 1. 介词的短语搭配误用 2. 副词短语 (every day, each day, this morning, that day, next week 等 ) 前误用介词 3. 连词 (the moment, the first time, every time 等 ) 前误用介词 Many people in the west are on the habit of eating too much sugar and fat. He got up very late in this morning. 3.He went to bed at the moment I went home. 4.As most of my classmates, I am also an only child in my family. 5.He said he would visit me in next week. on in in at As Like in II. 行文逻辑错误 1. 人称逻辑误用 2. 肯定否定误用 3. 非谓语中逻辑误用 1.The boy cried and that made his father scold her. 2.Burying in the cave for so long, she died unluckily. 3.Do you have any hobby now? If so, you are asked to develop one. 4.Disappointing at what he told her, she went to see it for herself. her him Burying Buried so not Disappointing Disappointed III. 句子结构上的错误 1. 在句子结构对称上的误用 1.Students are supposed to listen, to take notes and complete timely all the work given by teachers. 2.He doesn’t like cooking, doing the dishes, washing clothes, or clean the floors. Λ to clean cleaning 2. 在三大从句中连接词 , 关系词和连接副词的误用或缺失。 1.How can I persuade them to accept the fact I have grown up? 2.I doubt that he will come to join us in the discussion. 3.He is always absent from meetings, that made his boss very angry. 4. I put the book that I can find it easily. ^ that that whether that which that where 3. 固定句型 ( 强调句，虚拟语气等 ) 1.You will perhaps find rather difficult to give him a proper answer. 2.The problem was too difficult that he didn’t do it. 3.He suggested that we could go home at once. 4.It was in this room where he was born. ^ it too so could should where that 做短文改错题为什么发现不了错误？ 1、不明确短文改错题型主要特点和易考点； 2、不总结反思短文改错解题的经验和规律； 3、不朗读精读导致语感和语用精细性不强； 4、不能克服汉语的干扰自身中式英语严重； 5、不了解短文改错题中陷阱和干扰的设置； 1）平行与并列 2）插入与切割 3）拆分与转移 4）省略与隐藏 5）追加与覆盖 6）语用变更 7）语用重叠 8）形义相近 9）汉译干扰 逐句找错，错在那里？ 动词形， 名词数． 还要注意形和副 ． 代词 格 ， 细领悟 介词短语须关注． 习惯用法 要记住． 冠词连词常光顾 ． Part 3 短文改错口诀 At Christmas Eve, Jim went with his 1._____ father to choose a Christmas tree. They choose 2._____ a big one. It was almost as taller as the room! 3._____ They put them in the corner of the sitting 4._____ ____ On _______ __ chose _______ tall _______ it 动词形 介词短语须关注，习惯用法要记住 还要注意形和副 代词格，细领悟 room. Kate was covered it with a lot of 5._____ Christmas light. The sitting room looked 6. ____ really beautifully at the moment. There was 7. ________ a fire burning in the fire place, but the Christmas 8. ____ tree lights were sh o n e brightly. Jim and his 9. ____ parents singing and dancing happily. 10.____ ＼ was ＼ _______ lights _________ ____ beautiful ____ and shining ∧ were 动词形 还要注意形和副 动词形 名词数 冠词连词须关注 动词形 _______ 短文改错复习训练的思路和要领 1、 抓住词类，关注差异； 2、 强化读写，朗读背诵； 3、 总结反思，分类统计； 4、 主动出击，有备无患； 5、 积累经验，讲求原则： 1） 按要求规范答题；注意拼写：大、小写，变形规则，书写清晰； 2 ） 不要马虎：注意添词、去词的位置，修改时又写了原词； 3 ） 添词、去词项目必须有； 句首不添词不去词，句尾也可能添词、去词； 4 ） 要重视平行结构和句间衔接； 5 ） 修改不足十处时一定要补足做全； 可改可不改千万别改； 6 ） 感觉有多种改法时，一定要从语篇入手深入分析（语境、语法、搭配、逻辑、结构）； 7 ） 先易后难，广泛撒网，改后验证。 One student Tom said to his teacher John that he together with his classmates were not good at doing proof-reading in the exam, because they hard knew where on earth the sentences were wrong. Considered this, John decided to give his students a unusual class to tell them some skill of correcting. Two days later, the students learned many useful skills in that class, but they say they were no longer puzzled the moment they did proof-reading. Tom and his classmates said it was their teacher’s class which made them to know how to do proof-reading, while John took for granted that he helped his students. ______ __ __ _ ^ Considering was hardly an and that it said ___ skills 猛虎下山，一试身手！ Part 4 短文改错训练 从2014年高考《考试说明》新样卷看短文改错的变化 Dear Bob, I saw your note yesterday afternoon since I came back from school. You suggested that we go to concert this Friday evening. I'm sorry but I will be visit my uncle that day. He is going to Canada to do him PhD, and leave China this Sunday. I think I should say good-bye for him. I'd really like to go to the concert. I knew the performances will continue until next weekend, so how do you think about going next Friday evening? Please let me know that we can go together then. Give me a phone at 12300456. Thanks. Li Hua _______ ∧ ＼ _______ ∧ _____ _______ ______ ______ ________ 1.短文体裁： 虽然仍来自于学生习作，但所给短文的体裁由叙述性的记叙文变为应用体的书信。 2.考查项目： 1）明显增强的的项目： 从属连词（2题）、动词时态（2题），弥补了单项填空题型取消所带来的对这两项语法考查的不足。另外增词项目增加了一题。 2）新出现的项目： a. 实词替换（phone →call ），以固定短语的形式出现，但考查的是词汇在语篇应用中的正确性，特别是近义词的辨析能力。b. 特殊疑问词（how →what ），以词法和句法的形式出现，但涉及句式在语篇中的功能性运用。c. 系动词be，以删除的形式考查谓语动词的正确性，但也间接考查了考生在英语学习中是否关注英汉差异、避免中式英语的学习策略。 3) 基本保留的项目： 冠词、代词、介词各一题，保持与旧样题内容的稳定性。 4）未体现的项目： 名词所有格及复数、形容词和副词、非谓语动词、并列连词等，但未体现并不意味着不考，而且可以在新题型（语言知识运用第二节）中考。 从2014年高考《考试说明》新样卷看短文改错的变化 短文改错练习 （2014考前校内自编原创模拟） ： Dear Peter, Our school is planning to hold an American Film Festival in next month. I’m writing to ask you to come and give a talk on American films and filmmaking industry , i t will help us understand how the industry had developed into big business as it is today. This understanding should go a long road toward increasing their knowledge of American culture. Do you think one and a half hour will enough? Please let me know as soon as possible so that I can make arrangements in advance . I’m looking forward to seeing you and enjoy a talk. B est wishes . Yours, Li Hua Keys: Dear Peter, Our school is planning to hold an American Film Festival in next month. I’m writing to ask you ∧ come and give a talk on American films and filmmaking industry , i t will help us understand how the industry had developed into big business as it is today. This understanding should go a long road toward increasing their knowledge of American culture. Do you think one and a half hour will ∧ enough? Please let me know as soon as possible so that I can make arrangements in advance . I’m looking forward to seeing you and enjoy a talk. B est wishes . Yours, Li Hua GOOD BYE 祝同学们马到成功！