2018届二轮语法专题复习虚拟语气课件（38张）

2018届二轮语法专题复习虚拟语气课件（38张）

2018 届二轮复习 虚拟语气 类　别 用　法 例　句 if 引导的条件从句 与现在事实相反 从句谓语动词 : 一般过去时 (be 用 were) 主句谓语动词 : should/would/could/might+ 动词原形 If they were attacked, these cars would be strong enough to protect them. 1. 虚拟语气在非真实条件句中的运用 类　别 用　法 例　句 if 引导的条件从句 与过去事实相反 从句谓语动词 : had+ 过去分词 主句谓语动词 : should/would/could/ might +have+ 过去分词 If he had not been in an open car, he wouldn ’ t have been shot. 与将来事实相反 从句谓语动词 : 一般过去时 /were+ 不定式 /should+ 动词原形 主句谓语动词 : should/would/could/ might+ 动词原形 If it rained/ were to rain/ should rain tomorrow, we would not go camping. 类 别 用　法 例　句 if 引导的条件从句的倒装 如果在表示虚拟语气的条件句中含有 were, had 或 should, 可将 if 省略 , 然后将 were, had 或 should 移至主语之前 Had we made a great effort, we might have succeeded. (=If we had made a great effort. . . ) 注意 : 在此结构中， had 为助动词。若为谓语动词，则 不能省略、倒装。试比较： If you had come earlier ， you would catch the bus. Had you come earlier ， you would catch the bus.( 正 ) 如果你能来得早一点，你就能赶上公共汽车。 If I had time ， I would go with you. Had I time ， I would go with you. ( 误 ) 如果我有时间，我就跟你一起去。 补充： 1. 在错综时间条件句中的运用 当 if 虚拟条件句中表示的动作和主句表示的动作所发生的时间不一致时，动词的形式要根据它所表示的时间来调整 ( 从句表示过去时间用 had done ，主句谓语用 would do ；从句表示现在时间用 were ，主句谓语用 would have done) 。 e.g. If you had followed the doctor’s advice, you would be quite all right now. 如果你听从了医生的建议，你现在早就好了。 ( 从句叙述与过去事实相反，主句叙述与现在 事实相反 ) He would pass the test if he had taken my advice. 如果他听了我的劝告，他现在就会通过考试了。 If I were you, I would have taken his advice. 如果我是你的话 , 我早接纳他的建议了。 ( 从句叙 述与现在事实相反，主句叙述与过去事实相反 ) 2. 在含蓄虚拟条件句中的运用 有时为了表达的需要，在虚拟语气中并不总是出现 if 引导的条件句，而通过其他手段来代替条件句，其主要用法及表现形式如下： (1) 将条件隐含在分词短语中 Born in better times, he would have been a scholar. ( ＝ If he had been born in better times, he would...) 如果出生在好时代，他早就成为学者了。 Failing this time, what would you do? ( ＝ If you failed this time, what would...) 假若这次失败，那你怎么办？ (2) 将条件隐含在名词短语中 A few hours earlier, and you would have seen the famous writer. ( ＝ If you had come a few hours earlier, you...) 要是你早来几个小时，你就能见到这位著名的作家了。 (3) 将条件隐含在定语从句中 Anyone who had seen that painting might have taken it for a photo. ( ＝ If anyone had seen that painting, he...) 凡是看过那幅画的人，都可能把它看成是照片。 (4) 将条件隐含在形容词及其比较级中 A more careful person would not have made so many mistakes. ( ＝ If a person had been more careful, he...) 一个仔细一点的人不会犯这么多的错误。 3. 用 with, without, but for, under, or, otherwise ， if only 等代替条件状语从句 But for the storm ( ＝ If it had not been for the storm), I would have arrived much earlier. 要不是那场暴雨，我早就到达了。 Under different circumstances, I would have said yes. ( ＝ If circumstances had been different, I would...) 在不同的情况下，我就会同意了。 2. 虚拟语气在其他从句中的运用 在 as if ， as though 引导的方式状语从句或表语从句 中用虚拟语气，形式为： (1) 动词过去式（与现在事实相反） (2) 过去进行时（与现在正在进行时相反） (3) had+done （与过去事实相反） (4) could/ might/ would+ 动词原形（与将来事实相反） 在 even if ， even though 引导的让步状语从句中，表示与所发生的事实相反时，应采用虚拟语气，其让步状语从句中的虚拟语气的构成形式与条件句中虚拟语气的形式相同。 在表示建议、要求、命令、意志等的动词后，可 用“ (should ＋ ) 动词原形”的形式。这类动词有 suggest, request, demand, order, propose, advise, insist, require 等。其中 should 常常省略。 e.g. They demanded that the black people (should) be treated as well as white people. 他们要求黑人应该受到和白人一样的对待。 The doctor ordered that the patient (should) be sent to hospital without delay. 医生命令病人应一刻也不能耽误地送往医院。 注意 ① suggest 作“暗示，表明”讲时，宾语从句不用虚拟 语气。只有当 suggest 作“建议”讲时，宾语从句才 用虚拟语气。 e.g. His smile suggested that he was satisfied with our work. 他的微笑表明他对我们的工作满意。 He suggested that we (should) start off at once. 他建议我们马上出发。 ② insist 作“坚持 ( 说 ) ，强调”讲时，宾语从句不用 虚拟语气。只有当 insist 作“坚持要求”讲时，宾 语从句才用虚拟语气。 e.g. Mike insisted that he had never stolen anything. 迈克强调他从来没有偷过任何东西。 I insisted that you give me my money back. 我坚持要求你把钱还给我。 ③ 对于此类动词可以这样记忆： 一坚持 (insist) 二命令 (order, demand) 三建议 (advice, suggest, propose) 四要求 (require, request, demand, ask) 含有 advice, idea, order, suggestion, proposal, demand, requirement, request 等词的同位语从句和 表语从句中，谓语动词用“ (should ＋ ) 动词原形”。 e.g. His suggestion that we (should) go to London is nice. 他建议我们去伦敦，真是好极了。 (suggestion 后同位语从句用虚拟语气 ) His suggestion is that the meeting (should) be put off. 他的建议是会议延后。 (suggestion 后表语从句用虚 拟语气 ) My idea is that we should think it over before accepting it. 我想我们应该仔细考虑后才能接受。 (idea 后表语从 句用虚拟语气 ) 虚拟语气用于主语从句 ①It is ＋形容词＋ that ＋ (should ＋ ) 动词原形 用于本句型的形容词有 strange, natural, necessary, important, essential, urgent, impossible 等；还有与表示提议、要求、命令等的动词有关的形容词，如 desirable (desire), urgent (urge), advisable (advise), preferable (prefer) 等。 ② It is ＋名词＋ that ＋ (should ＋ ) 动词原形，用于本 句型的名词有 a pity, a shame, no wonder 等。 ③ It is ＋过去分词＋ that ＋ (should ＋ ) 动词原形， 用于本句型中的过去分词就是表示提议、要 求、命令等的动词的过去分词，如 : suggested, required, requested, demanded, urged, proposed, ordered, desired, advised 等。 动词 wish 后面宾语从句一般用虚拟语气： (1) 若宾语从句表示与现在事实相反，则从句谓 语动词用一般过去时， be 一律用 were 。 How I wish I were a bird! 我多希望自己是只鸟！ ( 事实上不是 ) (2) 若宾语从句表示与过去事实相反，则从句谓 语动词用“ had ＋过去分词”。 I wish we had arrived there two hours earlier. 我希望我们早两个小时到了那儿。 ( 与过去事实相反 ) (3) 若宾语从句表示将来没有把握或不太可能实 现的愿望，则从句谓语动词用 “ should/could/would/might ＋动词原形”。 I wish we could go to the seaside someday. 我希望我们有一天能去海边。 ( 对将来虚拟 ) would rather/prefer 后的宾语从句中，从句谓语 动词用一般过去时 (be 用 were) 来表示对现在或将 来的虚拟，用过去完成时来表示对过去的虚拟。 Don’t always make noise. I’d rather/prefer you kept silent. 不要老是吵闹，我宁愿你保持沉默。 ( 叙述与现在 事实相反 ) I would rather/prefer I had not told him the bad news. 我宁愿没告诉他那个坏消息。 ( 叙述与过去事实相 反 ) 在句型“ It is (high/about) time...” 后面也可以跟虚 拟语气，从句中常用过去式。有时也用“ should ＋ 动词原形”，意为“该是 …… 的时候了”。 It is high time (that) the weather improved. 天气真该好起来了。 在 in case, in order that, so that 等引导的状语 从句中，谓语动词用“ could/can/may/might ＋ 动词原形”，表示虚拟。 She called him lest he should go out. 她给他打电话以防他出去。 They left early for fear that they would meet him. 他们动身很早以免和他碰面。 真题再现 1. —Do you think George has passed the driving test? —No. If so, he _____ his car to our college yesterday.  ( 福建 2013) A. would drive                B. drove C. would have driven     D. had driven 【解析 】 C 。由 No 及 If so 可知，主句中应用虚拟语气，表示与过去事实相反，故谓语用“ would have + 过去分词”。 2. I should not have laughed if I _____ you were serious. ( 江苏 2013) A. thought                     B. would think C. had thought              D. have thought 【解析 】 C 。由题意可知，题干用了虚拟语气，表示与过去事实相反，故从句谓语用“ had + 过去分词”。 3. Eye doctors recommend that a child’s first eye exam _____ at the age of six months old. ( 浙江 2013) A. was      B. be C. were        D. is 【解析 】 B 。 recommend 后的宾语从句用虚拟语气，谓语用“（ should + ）动词原形”。 4. If he had spent more time practising speaking English before, he _____ able to speak it much better now.   ( 天津 2013) A. will be                   B. would be C. has been                D. would have been 【解析 】 B 。根据从句谓语， before 和 now 可知，题干中是错综时间条件句。条件句与过去事实相反，主句与现在事实相反，所以主句谓语应用 would be 。 5. If we _____ a table earlier, we wouldn’t be standing here in a queue.  ( 北京 2013) A. have booked           B. booked C. book                       D. had booked 【解析 】 D 。由 earlier 与 wouldn’t be standing 可知，题干中用了虚拟语气，主句与现在事实相反，从句与过去事实相反，故设空处用“ had + 过去分词”。 6. I ________ to my cousin's birthday party last night, but I was not available. (2011 安 徽 ) A. went B. had gone C. would go D. would have gone 【解析 】 选 D 。考查虚拟语气。句意 : 昨晚我应该去堂兄的生日晚会 , 但是我没有空。根据句中 last night 及 but 可知本题表示的是与过去事实相反的假设 , 故选 D 。 巩固练习 1. David has never been to Rome, but he talks about it as if he _____ there himself. A. has been            B. had been C. is                        D. were 2. Tom was absent from the party. Otherwise, he _____ wonderful programs. A. must perform             B. would perform C. must have performed D. would have performed B D 3. The new film directed by Steven Spielberg was very interesting. I wish I _____ it when it was first shown last Sunday. A. saw                                B. have seen C. could see                      D. had seen 4. Luckily I got to the job interview on time, or I _____ such a good chance to enter the big business. A. must have missed         B. must miss C. would have missed       D. would miss D C 5. If your bicycle _____ be out of order within one week, we would exchange it for a new one. A. could                            B. should C. might                            D. would 6. Now, good friends, let’s drink to our health and _____ we never forget each other. A. may                             B. might C. must                            D. will B A 7. All the evidence suggested Jim _____ the money, but Mrs. Smith suggested we _____ his parents about it. A. had stolen; hadn’t told B. had stolen; not tell C. steal; hadn’t told          D. steal; not tell 8. They ordered that for every tree cut down two more _____ be planted. A. must                   B. can C. could                  D. should B D 9. Don’t forget your tutor’s suggestion that you _____ keep creative and imaginative in order to make something different. A. could                    B. should C. may                      D. need 10. —Here you are at last! —But for the kind lady, I _____ be wandering in the street now. A. would                       B. can C. may                         D. must A B 11. If she hadn’t been sent on a business trip by her boss, she _____ be here with us now, enjoying the show. A. can                     B. would C. need                   D. must  12. It is high time that we _____ the problem that our aging society brings to us. A. will realize            B. have realized C. realize                   D. realized B D 13. —Do you mind if I turn on the TV? —I’d rather you _____. A. don’t                         B. didn’t C. won’t                        D. hadn’t 14. They demanded that the government _____ make every effort to protect the students from being hurt in school. A. might                     B. should C. must                       D. can  B B