【英语】2018届二轮复习阅读理解分话题训练生态环保类（4篇含有解析）学案（6页）

【英语】2018届二轮复习阅读理解分话题训练生态环保类（4篇含有解析）学案（6页）

‎2018届二轮复习 阅读理解分话题训练　生态环保类 A Since the first Earth Day in 1970, Americans have gotten a lot “greener” toward the environment. “We didn’t know at that time that there even was an environment, let alone that there was a problem with it，” says Bruce Anderson, president of Earth Day USA.‎ ‎ But what began as nothing important in public affairs has grown into a social movement. Business people, political leaders, university professors, and especially millions of grassroots Americans are taking part in the movement. “The understanding has increased many, many times，” says Gaylord Nelson, the former governor from Wisconsin, who thought up the first Earth Day.‎ According to US government reports, emissions (排放) from cars and trucks have dropped from 10.3 million tons a year to 5.5 million tons. The number of cities producing CO beyond the standard has been reduced from 40 to 9. Although serious problems still remain and need to be dealt with, the world is a safer and healthier place. A kind of “green thinking” has become part of practices.‎ Great improvement has been achieved. In 1988 there were only 600 recycling programs; today in 1995 there are about 6,600. Advanced lights, motors, and building designs have helped save a lot of energy and therefore prevented pollution.‎ ‎ Twentyfive years ago, there were hardly any education programs for environment. Today, it’s hard to find a public school, university, or law school that does not have such a kind of program. “Until we do that, nothing else will change! ” says Bruce Anderson.‎ 语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。介绍了环保意识在美国从无到有，逐渐增强，环保教育势在必行。‎ ‎1.According to Anderson, before 1970, Americans had little idea about ________.‎ A．the social movement ‎ B．recycling techniques C．environmental problems D．the importance of Earth Day 解析：选C　细节理解题。根据第一段第二句中的“’We didn’t know at that time that there even was an environment, let alone that there was a problem with it’”可知，1970年以前美国人对环境问题所知甚少。 ‎ ‎2．Where does the support for environmental protection mainly come from?‎ A．The grassroots level.‎ B．The business circle.‎ C．Government officials.‎ D．University professors.‎ 解析：选A　细节理解题。根据第二段第二句中的“especially millions of grassroots Americans are taking part in the movement”可知，数以百万计的草根美国人才是支持环保的中流砥柱。‎ ‎3．What have Americans achieved in environmental protection?‎ A．They have cut car emissions to the lowest.‎ B．They have settled their environmental problems.‎ C．They have lowered their CO levels in forty cities.‎ D．They have reduced pollution through effective measures.‎ 解析：选D　推理判断题。根据第三段所列举的那些数字可知，美国政府多管齐下，污染问题大为缓解。‎ ‎4．What is especially important for environmental protection according to the last paragraph?‎ A．Education.　　　　　 　B．Planning.‎ C．Green living. D．CO reduction.‎ 解析：选A　推理判断题。根据最后一段内容推断，环保意识教育至关重要。另外，“education programs for environment”是提示。‎ B There will be more plastic than fish in the world’s oceans by 2050. That is what a new report from the World Economic Forum and Ellen MacArthur Foundation warns. If the current trend continues, the report said, oceans will contain one ton of plastic for every three tons of fish in 2025. By 2050, plastics will weigh more than fish. The problem is that each year at least 8 million tons of plastics end up in oceans around the world. This is the same as dumping the contents of one garbage truck into the ocean every minute.‎ Not all plastic ends up in the ocean because someone throws a plastic bottle into the water. Plastic containers and other trash thrown onto streets and sidewalks often are swept into oceans. Unlike other types of trash in the ocean, the plastic never biodegrades. There is a way to slow the amount of plastics going into the oceans — people can recycle more. Currently only about 14 percent of plastics are recycled. Research in Europe shows as much as 53 percent of plastics could be recycled using available technology. The report says that another solution is using less plastic for packaging products. But that is not likely to happen.‎ ‎“Given plastic packaging’s many benefits, both the possibility and desirability of a sharp reduction in the volume of plastic packaging used is clearly low，” the report said. But the authors note reducing the use of plastics should be tried “where possible”. For decades, scientists warned that plastics are killing fish. Research shows that fish are dying from choking after eating plastics. “Another cause of death is that plastics cause intestinal ‎ blockage and starvation，” the environmental group said.‎ 语篇解读：本文是一篇科普报道。到2050年全球海洋中的塑料数量将超过鱼的数量。本文主要报道了塑料垃圾对人类和鱼类造成的危害以及研究人员提出的一些处理建议。‎ ‎5．Why is the garbage truck mentioned in Paragraph 1?‎ A．To explain how plastics end up in the ocean.‎ B．To warn people against the ocean pollution.‎ C．To clarify the seriousness of the problem.‎ D．To point out some details of the report.‎ 解析：选C　推理判断题。根据第一段尤其是最后一句可知，海洋里每年的塑料废物多达八百万吨。所以作者用这种直观细化的方法来阐述海洋塑料垃圾问题的严重性。故C项正确。‎ ‎6．Why is plastic more harmful than other types of trash?‎ A．Because there is too much of it.‎ B．Because it poisons the ocean water.‎ C．Because it is from different sources.‎ D．Because it never breaks down.‎ 解析：选D　细节理解题。根据第二段第三句可知，塑料垃圾比其他垃圾危害更大是因为它们不可降解。故D项正确。‎ ‎7．What is the author’s attitude to the suggested solutions?‎ A．Pessimistic. B．Hopeful.‎ C．Interested. D．Convinced.‎ 解析：选A　观点态度题。根据第二段中最后五句可知，塑料的循环使用比例较低，而减少商品的塑料包装也不太可能，由此可知作者对所提的建议持悲观态度。故A项正确。‎ ‎8．What can we infer from the text?‎ A．People are not aware of the problem.‎ B．Recycling is limited by lack of technology.‎ C．Plastic packaging has become part of our life.‎ D．Fish in the ocean will be replaced by plastics.‎ 解析：选C　推理判断题。根据第二段最后两句可推知，想要减少使用塑料包装很难，因为它已成为日常生活的一部分。故C项正确。‎ C Want to help fight global warming? Take off your tie, says the Italian health ministry.‎ It has urged employers to let their staff dress casually at work in the summer so that the air conditioning can be turned down.‎ ‎“Taking your tie off immediately lowers the body temperature by 2 or 3 degrees centigrade，” the ministry said in a statement. “Allowing a more sensible use of air conditioning brings about electricity savings and protects the environment.”‎ It called on all public and private offices to let employees wear no tie during heat waves like the one that has brought Africalike temperatures to many parts of Italy this week.‎ The move echoes (回应) a similar action from Italy’s biggest oil group, ENI, which told its staff earlier this month they need not wear a tie at work.‎ The tie makers, however, were left hot_under_the_collar.‎ ‎“Italy confirms that it is a strange country，” Flavio Cima said angrily in a letter to financial daily Il Sole 24 ORE under the headline: “I, tie maker, am responsible for global warming.”‎ ‎“We can now happily continue with our lifestyle, using cars, consuming fuel, heating and cooling our homes at leisure. On one condition: we should not wear a tie while we do so，” he wrote.‎ ‎“I should have listened to my friends and become an oil producer instead.”‎ Italy is one of the European Union’s worst performers on the pollution front and is among the EU countries expected to exceed (超出) their greenhouse gas emission (排放) targets.‎ 语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。解掉领带可以让体温下降2或3度，所以许多公司鼓励员工不戴领带上班，以抵制全球气候变暖；但是，这种主张遭到了领带制造商的反对。‎ ‎9．What’s the purpose of the move of taking off ties?‎ A．To dress casually.‎ B．To fight global warming.‎ C．To keep the body temperature.‎ D．To improve working conditions.‎ 解析：选B　细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Want to help fight global warming? Take off your tie”可知，解掉领带是为了抵制全球变暖，故B项正确。‎ ‎10．Who first encouraged employees to take off ties?‎ A．ENI.‎ B．Flavio Cima.‎ C．A financial daily.‎ D．The Italian health ministry.‎ 解析：选A　细节理解题。根据第五段中的“ENI, which told its staff earlier this month they need not wear a tie at work”可知，ENI公司最早鼓励员工上班时不戴领带，故A项正确。‎ ‎11．What does the underlined part “hot under the collar” in Paragraph 6 probably mean?‎ A．Angry. B．Speechless.‎ C．Delighted. D．Puzzled.‎ 解析：选A　词义猜测题。根据第四、五段的内容可知，包括ENI在内的许多公司，都鼓励员工不戴领带上班；根据常识可以判断，此举势必造成领带制造商的商品滞销；结合第七段的“Flavio Cima said angrily in a letter”可以判断，画线部分意为“愤怒的”，故A项正确。‎ ‎12．Which of the following is TRUE about Flavio Cima?‎ A．He stands by the oil group.‎ B．He agrees with the ministry.‎ C．He admits his responsibility.‎ D．He argues against taking off ties.‎ 解析：选D　推理判断题。根据第六、七段的内容可知，对于鼓励员工不戴领带上班一事，作为领带制造商的Flavio Cima非常生气；据此可以判断，他对不戴领带上班的观点有异议，故D项正确。‎ D Thrift stores are a refuge (避难所) for countless items from landing in garbage piles. Value Village, for example, saves more than 650 million pounds of clothing from landfills (垃圾填埋场) each year, making it one of the largest recyclers of used garments in the world. Their stores give a second life to 1.8 million pounds of clothes every day, which is equal to 600 midsized cars. Almost 100 percent of clothing and textiles are recyclable, yet 85 percent of them end up in landfills. It’s estimated that the average person throws away 70 pounds of clothing a year.‎ Lindsay Coulter is the socalled “Queen of Green” with the David Suzuki Foundation, educating people on how to live a greener life by making changes around the house. She says that donating or shopping at thrift stores is an excellent way to exercise all three of the three R’s: reduce, reuse and recycle. She says, “Whether it’s a purse or a pair of shoes, it’s really worth considering going to thrift stores as another point of contact to help reduce your consumption.”‎ Coulter points out that since landfills are airtight, textiles take longer to break down. “I’d imagine things like an old towel, a rag or an old Tshirt will last a really long time，” she says. The beauty of thrift shopping is that the supply is neverending, so if you don’t find what you’re looking for one day, it’s likely to show up in no time.‎ One person who knows this quite well is Jodi Jacyk, costume specialist in the ‎ Department of Theatre and Film at the University of British Columbia. She says the majority of items for the university’s productions are purchased secondhand. Because of her shrinking budget, items like clothing and shoes are thrifted from Value Village. “We are constantly thrifting and we reuse costumes for many years.Thrift shopping is a much easier, cheaper way to do things，” she says.‎ The next time you need to lighten your closet, take the opportunity to go thrift shopping to lighten both your carbon footprint and your financial burden at the same time.‎ 语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了一种环保的生活方式，即去慈善商店捐或购买二手衣物。‎ ‎13．What is a “thrift store” according to the text?‎ A．It deals with daily garbage.‎ B．It sells secondhand items.‎ C．It exchanges new clothes.‎ D．It donates used items.‎ 解析：选B　细节理解题。根据第二段的第二句“She says that donating ...reduce, reuse and recycle.”可知，慈善商店是收纳并出售二手货的店。‎ ‎14．What do we know about Jodi Jacyk?‎ A．She doesn’t budget carefully.‎ B．She complains a lot about her job.‎ C．She is a fan of thrift shopping.‎ D．She is known as “Queen of Green”．‎ 解析：选C　推理判断题。根据第四段的“One person who knows this quite well is Jodi Jacyk”和“We are constantly thrifting and we reuse costumes for many years.”可推知，Jodi Jacyk热衷于在慈善商店里购物，是这项活动的粉丝。‎ ‎15．What is the author’s attitude toward thrift shopping?‎ A．Conservative. B．Cautious.‎ C．Doubtful. D．Supportive.‎ 解析：选D　观点态度题。根据最后一段的内容可推知，作者是支持这种到慈善商店里购物的环保行为的。‎