江苏省南京市、盐城市2020届高三一模考试英语试题 Word版含解析

江苏省南京市、盐城市2020届高三一模考试英语试题 Word版含解析

- 1 - 南京市、盐城市-2020 届高三年级第一次模拟考试 英语试题 第一部分 听力(共两节，满分 20 分) 做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂 到答题卡上。 第一节(共 5 小题；每小题 1 分，满分 5 分) 听下面 5 段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的 A、B、C 三个选项中选出最佳选 项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你都有 10 秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅 读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。 1. What did the woman fail to see? A. A sign. B. A parking lot. C. A disabled person. 【答案】A 【解析】 【原文】M: What are you doing? You can’t park there. That is for disabled people. W: Oh, I didn’t even see that. All right, all right, I’ll go find somewhere else to park. 2. What will the man do? A. Take a course online. B. Call the same repairman. C. Fix the refrigerator himself. 【答案】C 【解析】 【原文】W: The refrigerator broke again. Should I call the repairman? M: The same one you called last time? I don’t think so. He charged us a lot. I took a course online so maybe I can do it myself this time. 3. Who will the woman have dinner with tonight? A. Tommy’s family. B. Her grandmother. C. Her colleagues in - 2 - Shanghai. 【答案】B 【解析】 【原文】M: Thanks for helping Tommy with his math. You must stay and have supper with us. W: I’d love to, but I have to visit my grandmother tonight. I’m going to Shanghai for a conference, and I want to make sure she has enough groceries for a while. And I’ll probably make her some food while I’m there. 4. Why does the boy like sharks? A. They are great swimmers. B. They make funny sounds. C. They are very smart. 【答案】A 【解析】 【原文】W: My favorite animal is the dolphin. They make such funny sounds, and they are very smart. M: Dolphins are cool, but sharks are way better. They are so fast in the water and they can grow to be some of the biggest fish in the world. 5. What is the time? A. 6:00 p.m. B. 9:00 p.m. C. 10:00 pm. 【答案】C 【解析】 【原文】M: Hi, I’ve just checked in. Is food still being served? W: I’m sorry sir, the restaurant is just closing. It is open from 6:00 p.m. to 10:00 p.m. However, room service is available until 11:00 p.m., so you have an hour to order. 第二节(共 15 小题；每小题 1 分，满分 15 分) 听下面 5 段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的 A、B、C 三个选项 中选出最佳选项,并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题， 每小题 5 秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出 5 秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。 - 3 - 听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。 6. What kind of coffee does the man usually have? A. Italian. B. Brazilian. C. French. 7. Where are the speakers? A. In a cafe. B. In an office. C. In a supermarket. 【答案】6. B 7. A 【解析】 【原文】W: Good morning. I’m afraid we don’t have your favorite today. Our supplier didn’t deliver any. M: What other types do you recommend? W: Well, the lady sitting over there used to order the same Brazilian coffee you have. Then one day she tried Italian and she’s been having it every day since. M: Hmm, I’ll try that then, but I don’t think I’ll be changing permanently. It’s my weekly treat after a tough morning at the office. W: It’s good to try different things. I went to a French restaurant once and tried snails. I didn’t think I’d like them but they were great. 听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。 8. What was the girl’s most recent purchase? A. A dog toy. B. Some clothes. C. An ice cream maker. 9. What is the relationship between the speakers? A. Teacher and student. B. Father and daughter. C. Shopkeeper and customer. 10. What does the father think of his daughter’s way of spending? A. Unwise. B. Responsible. C. Economical. 【答案】8. C 9. B 10. A 【解析】 【原文】M: What was the last thing you bought? - 4 - W: Let me think - was it a Superman toy for my dog? No, it was an ice cream maker. M: Do you ever save money? W: No. I’m always overdrawn at the bank. M: Your mom and I have always taught you to manage your money wisely. Has none of that sunk in? W: Live for today. That’s what I say. Who knows what will happen tomorrow? M: We know - simply because we have lived longer. You should save up and use money wisely instead of wasting too much on clothes and things you don’t need. W: Maybe you’re right…but the shopkeepers can be so persuasive. M: Of course, it’s their job. It is your responsibility to look after your own interests. 听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。 11. Where does the woman’s mother live? A. In Madrid. B. In Mexico City. C. In New York. 12. What do the speakers plan to do on November 2nd? A. Travel to Madrid B. Visit some friends. C. Attend a holiday event. 13. When will the speakers leave New York? A. On October 22nd. B. On October 28th. C. On November 2nd. 【答案】11. B 12. C 13. A 【解析】 【原文】W: I really miss my mother’s roasted chicken. M: Why don’t we go visit her? W: I wish we could. It’s been five years since we went to Mexico City for Christmas. M: Well, I have a surprise. I bought plane tickets for October 28th. We’ll be there for a week. W: Really? M: Yes, dear. W: I can’t believe it! We’ll be there for the Day of the Dead on November 2nd, too! - 5 - That’s a very important holiday for my family, you know. We visit the tombs of my grandparents and then have a family dinner in honor of our ancestors. M: I remember. You’ve told me about it many times. W: But you haven’t experienced it yet. I’m so happy that you’ll be there, too. Oh, Paul, thank you! M: Well, pack your bags. We’re flying to Mexico City from Madrid on the 28th, but we leave New York on the 22nd. W: Wonderful! We can visit our college friends there. M: Exactly. 听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。 14. Where will the speakers most likely go swimming? A. In the pool. B. In the ocean. C. In the lake. 15. What will the man do on Thursday? A. Hold a family party. B. Participate in a game. C. Have a football team practice. 16. When will the woman come over to the man’s house? A. This Wednesday. B. This Sunday. C. Next week. 17. What will the speakers probably watch? A. A comedy. B. A war movie. C. A history movie. 【答案】14. A 15. B 16. C 17. A 【解析】 【原文】W: Where is the best place to learn how to swim? I am afraid of the ocean, and there are no lakes around for me to practice in. M: Why don’t you just come over to my house? I swim in my backyard all the time. W: That sounds great! Which day do you want me to come over? I am busy with a family party this weekend, but I am free on Sunday afternoon. I also have Wednesday and Thursday free. M: I have football team practice on Wednesday and a game the next day. I don’t know about Sunday though. Isn’t it supposed to be a thunderstorm then? - 6 - W: I think I heard about that bad weather coming this way. Maybe we should plan to go swimming sometime next week instead. If it is going to rain on Sunday, would you want to come to my house and watch a movie instead? My parents have a large collection of films. M: That sounds fun. Do they have anything funny or action-filled to watch? W: They have a lot of history movies, but there are ones to make you laugh too. I’m sure we will find something that we both can enjoy. M: OK, well, I will send you a message later this week about it. 听下面一段独白，回答以下小题。 18. What was Frank Whittle’s father? A. An officer. B. An inventor. C. An engineer. 19. When did Whittle gain the legal right of ownership of his design? A. In 1907. B. In 1930. C. In 1937. 20. Where was Whittle’s last home? A. Maryland. B. Coventry. C. Cambridge. 【答案】18. C 19. B 20. A 【解析】 【原文】M: Frank Whittle was a British Royal Air Force officer who invented the jet engine. He was born in a humble house in Coventry, England, on June 1st, 1907. His father was a clever engineer who passed on his skills to his son. Whittle became adventurous, developing an early interest in planes. He joined the Air Force and was taught about aircraft engines, gaining experience in the engineering workshops. He was excellent in his studies and became a pilot. During study time, he had the ideas that led to the creation of the jet engine, and he was given the legal right of ownership of his design in 1930. His studies earned him a place on a further course at Cambridge University, where he graduated with a first class degree. His first engine was tested in 1937. Official interest grew but it was many years before it came into use. Whittle’s invention was of great importance. It increased the speed of planes - 7 - dramatically and jet engines are now used by nearly every airline in the world. Whittle held many important jobs and became a hero in his country. He later married an American woman and moved to the United States, where he became a professor. He died at his home in Maryland on August 9th, 1996. 第二部分 英语知识运用(共两节，满分 35 分) 第一节 单项填空(共 15 小题；每小题 1 分，满分 15 分) 请认真阅读下面各题，从题中所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上 将该项涂黑。 21.The power of silence is much greater compared with ______ of instant attack. A. it B. one C. that D. the one 【答案】C 【解析】 【详解】考查代词。句意：沉默的力量要强于突然袭击的力量。这里省略的对象是 the power， 用 that 特指 the power，后面通常跟有修饰语。故选 C 项。 22.Within a personalized learning program, the learners’ pathway can be _____ to their needs. A. exposed B. tailored C. resigned D. limited 【答案】B 【解析】 【详解】考查动词辨析。句意：在个性化的学习计划中，学习者的学习路径可以根据他们的 需要进行调整。A. exposed 暴露，接触；B. tailored 剪裁，使合适；C. resigned 辞职，放 弃；D. limited 局限，限制。tailor sth to sth“改变以适应”符合句意。故选 B 项。 23.—e price of the house advertised is rather reasonable, and I fancy it much —Let’s be ________—we just can’t afford to pay that much money. A. optimistic B. realistic C. enthusiastic D. systematic 【答案】B 【解析】 【详解】考查形容词辨析。句意：——广告的房子的价格很合理，我特别喜欢……——我们 还是现实点吧，我们付不起这么多钱。A. optimistic 积极，乐观的；B. realistic 现实的； - 8 - C. enthusiastic 热情的；D. systematic 系统化的。结合后文，我们付不起这么多钱，还是 现实一点。故选 B 项。 24.--It’s said that your company _____ in the project in the years ahead, right? --Well, we are conducting a comprehensive evaluation of it. A. invests B. invested C. will invest D. would invest 【答案】C 【解析】 【详解】考查一般将来时。句意：——听说你们公司在未来几年里会投资这个项目，对 吧？——嗯，我们正在对它进行全面评估。时间是 in the years ahead，也就是未来的几年 时间，因此本句为一般将来时。故选 C 项。 25.E-cigarette companies are ordered to close their stores and _____ ads online for the sake of young people. A. bring about B. put up C. take down D. hold out 【答案】C 【解析】 【详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：为了年轻人的利益，电子烟公司被勒令关闭商店并在网 上撤下广告。A. bring about 导致；B. put up 张贴，提供食宿；C. take down 卸下；D. hold out 伸出，坚持。根据后文 for the sake of young people 可知，电子烟公司需要撤下广告， take down 有“撤下，卸下”的含义。故选 C 项。 26.We should be aware that the degree ______ our diet is successful depends on our willpower. A. that B. which C. to which D. on whom 【答案】C 【解析】 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：我们应该意识到我们节食成功在某种程度上取决于我们的意 志力。todegree 在某种程度，分析句子可知，先行词为 degree，在后面的定语从句中作 which 的宾语，所以关系代词为 which。故选 C 项。 27.--Did you enjoy yourself in watching the film Frozen II last night? --You bet! I ______ it for 6 years. - 9 - A. was to anticipate B. have been anticipating C. was anticipating D. had been anticipating 【答案】D 【解析】 【详解】考查过去完成进行时。句意：——你昨晚看电影《冰雪奇缘 2》开心吗？——当然！ 我已经期待了 6 年了。从对话中得知，那个人已经观看完了冰雪奇缘 2，在此之前已经期盼了 六年，换句话说期盼这个状态在截止到过去的某个时间点一致持续，现在结束了。故选过去 完成进行时。故选 D 项。 28.Guizhou Province, _____ by Lonely Planet among the top 10 regions to visit in 2020, has become a promising travel destination. A. ranked B. being ranked C. having ranked D. to be ranked 【答案】A 【解析】 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：贵州省被《孤独星球》评为 2020 年十大旅游目的地之一， 成为一个很有前途的旅游目的地。rank 与 Guizhou Province 在逻辑上是被动关系，所以用过 去分词作定语。 故选 A 项。 29._____ I once made some mistakes, I won’t spend a moment of the future regretting what might have been. A. Until B. While C. Unless D. Because 【答案】B 【解析】 【详解】考查连词。句意：虽然我曾经犯过一些错误，但我不会花一点时间去后悔可能会发 生的事情。A. Until 直到……；B. While 虽然，然而；C. Unless 除非；D. Because 因为。 分析句子可知，前后句子是让步关系。故选 B 项。 30.The ride sharing service is only a trial in limited regions, and will continue to improve ______ feedback from the public. A. in line with B. in contrast with C. in control of D. in favor of 【答案】A - 10 - 【解析】 【详解】考查介词短语辨析。句意：共享单车服务只是在有限的地区试行，并会根据市民的 反馈继续改善。A. in line with 与一致；B. in contrast with 与对比；C. in control of 在控制下；D. in favor of 支持，赞成。结合句意可知，改善会和市民的反馈相一致，in line with“与一致”符合此处语境。故选 A 项。 31.With more importance attached to traditional culture these years, hanfu has become ______ popular. A. merely B. entirely C. frequently D. increasingly 【答案】D 【解析】 【详解】考察副词词义辨析。句意：随着对传统文化越发重视，汉服在变得越来越受欢迎。A. merely 仅仅；B. entirely 完全地；C. frequently 频繁地；D. increasingly 不断增长地。 根据上文的 With more importance attached to traditional culture these years 推知， 汉服正变得越来越受欢迎。故选 D 项。 32.Examples has more followers than reason in that we unconsciously imitate _____ pleases us. A. that B. what C. which D. who 【答案】B 【解析】 【详解】考查宾语从句。句意：结果示例和原理相比总是有更多追随者，因为人们总是无意 识的模仿取悦我们的事物。分析句子可知，此句为宾语从句，what 在宾语从句中作主语，what pleases us 意为“取悦我们的事物”。故选 B 项。 33.The project ______ possible had the relations of the two countries not reached their current level. A. weren’t B. weren’t to be C. shouldn’t be D. wouldn’t have been 【答案】D 【解析】 【详解】考查虚拟语气。句意：这个项目不会那么成功，假如两国之间的关系不像现在这么 - 11 - 好的话。分析句子可知，此处考查 if 的虚拟语气，表示与过去事实相反的假设。if 被省略， 从句进行了半倒装。根据句意“如果在过去两国的关系不像现在这么好的话，这个项目过去 就不会那么成功”。对过去的虚拟主句用 would have done，从句用过去完成时。故选 D 项。 34.We have been informed of the strict rules _____ for garbage sorting in the near future. A. adopted B. to adopt C. to be adopted D. having adopted 【答案】C 【解析】 【详解】考查非谓语。句意：我们已经听闻了不久的将来要施行的严格的垃圾分类制度。注 意题干中的 in the near future 表示将来的时间，因此这个制度还没有正式施行，不定式表 将来时，且制度与采纳施行为逻辑上的被动关系，故用 to be adopted。故选 C 项。 35.--Do you think it’s possible for the team to hit their target for fourth quarter? --_____! The majority of them are not that enterprising. A. No doubt B. No problem C. Not a little D. Not a chance 【答案】D 【解析】 【详解】考察情景交际。句意：——你认为球队有可能在第四节达到目标吗？——-不可能！ 他们大部分都没有什么进取心。A. No doubt 表示毫无疑问；B. No problem 没问题；C. Not a little 很，十分；D. Not a chance 不可能。结合语境，他们大部分都没有什么进取心， 因此达到目标是不可能的。故选 D 项。 第二节 完形填空(共 20 小题；每小题 1 分，满分 20 分) 请认真阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答 题纸上将该项涂黑。 When I was a child my father taught me five words that I’ve used all my life—in my acting career, as a mother, in my business activities. If I ___36___ that I was afraid of the dark, or if I seemed worried about meeting new people, Dad would say, “Stand porter to your ___37___.” A porter is a gatekeeper, who stands at a door ___38___ people in or out. Dad - 12 - would get me to ___39___ myself stopping destructive things—such as fear—at the door, ___40___ saying “Come in” to faith, love and self-assurance. As a(n) ___41___, before I went on camera, I’d make sure anxiety stayed out and confidence in my ability came in. As a mother, when I was ___42___ about my children, I would try not to let worry in but would ___43___ my mind with trust in them. Of course, there were always times I’d ___44___ those words. In 1972 my husband, Fillmore Crank, and I opened the doors to our own _____45_____ in North Hollywood. This was a new business venture for us, and it was a lot more _____46_____ and complicated than we had _____47_____. We were on call 24 hours a day. Something was always going _____48_____. Electricity went on the blink, food wasn’t delivered, employees called in sick. Once, a flu epidemic _____49_____ left us with no maids. Fillmore gave me a _____50_____: scrub floors or do the laundry. For 10 days I folded enough king-size sheets to _____51_____ the whole state of California. Then there was the _____52_____ crisis. The price of gasoline doubled, and tourism in California _____53_____. How could we fill our beds? What if we kept losing money? What if we failed? Fear and worry were sneaking in. But I caught them just _____54_____. I stood porter. I stood in the door of my mind and sent fear packing. These days at the hotel, whenever fear tries to _____55_____, I just smile and point to the sign that reads No Vacancy. 36. A. complained B. announced C. recalled D. decided 37. A. future B. find C. family D. studio 38. A. letting B. urging C. inviting D. observing 39. A. busy B. involve C. send D. picture 40. A. so B. and C. but D. or 41. A. official B. actress C. maid D. manager 42. A. serious B. curious C. anxious D. cautious 43. A. fill B. change C. read D. ease - 13 - 44. A. eat B. twist C. exchange D. forget 45. A. clinic B. hotel C. laundry D. restaurant 46. A. promising B. demanding C. convincing D. boring 47. A. figured B. confirmed C. deduced D. suggested 48. A. sour B. missing C. wrong D. pale 49. A. hardly B. regularly C. specially D. suddenly 50. A. warning B. command C. choice D. solution 51. A. serve B. touch C. decorate D. blanket 52. A. credit B. energy C. identity D. family 53. A. ceased B. recovered C. dropped D. boomed 54. A. in time B. on purpose C. at random D. by chance 55. A. split B. shelter C. withdraw D. register 【答案】36. A 37. B 38. A 39. D 40. C 41. B 42. C 43. A 44. D 45. B 46. B 47. A 48. C 49. D 50. C 51. D 52. B 53. C 54. A 55. D 【解析】 本文为一篇记叙文。记叙了作者在父亲的影响下，战胜生活的困难的几件事。 【36 题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：如果我抱怨我害怕黑暗，或者我担心遇到新的人，爸爸会说，“站 在门房旁边找到自己吧。”A. complained 抱怨；B. announced 宣布；C. recalled 召回；D. decided 决定。上文写父亲教会我 5 个词，这一句引出寓意。如果作者抱怨，害怕黑暗，或者 如果作者看上去很担心遇见新认识的人。故选 A 项。 【37 题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：如果我抱怨我害怕黑暗，或者我担心遇到新的人，爸爸会说，“站 在门房旁边找到自己吧。”A. future 未来；B. find 让自己处于某种位置或状态；C. family 家庭；D. studio 工作室。这里的守门处(porter)指的是心理上的守卫，父亲希望作者遇到困 难时要找到自己心理上的守卫。故选 B 项。 【38 题详解】 - 14 - 考查动词词义辨析。句意：门卫是守门人，站在门口让人进出。A. letting 让；B. urging 催促；C. inviting 邀请；D. observing 观察。一个 porter 就是一位守门员，站在门前让人 们进进出出。故选 A 项。 【39 题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：爸爸会让我想象，自己在门口能够阻止破坏性的事情，比如恐惧， 但是对真诚，爱和自信说“进来”。A. busy 忙的；B. involve 参与；C. send 发送；D. picture 想象。父亲会让作者想象，自己在入口处能够阻止破坏性的事情，例如害怕这种情感。故选 D 项。 【40 题详解】 考查连词词义辨析。句意：爸爸会让我想象，自己在门口能够阻止破坏性的事情，比如恐惧， 但是对真诚，爱和自信要说“进来吧”。A. so 所以；B. and 和；C. but 但是；D. or 或者。 表转折，但是却对着真诚，爱和自信说请，这个填空和上半句为转折关系，所以用转折。故 选 C 项。 【41 题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：作为一个女演员，在我走向镜头之前，我会确保焦虑不复存在， 对我的能力有信心。A. official 官员；B. actress 女演员；C. maid 女仆；D. manager 经 理。文中的 before I went on camera 以暗示我是女演员。故选 B 项。 【42 题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：作为一个母亲，当我为我的孩子们感到担忧时，我会试着不让 担忧进入我的脑海，而是让我对他们充满信任。A. serious 严肃的；B. curious 好奇的；C. anxious 焦虑的；D. cautious 谨慎的。前面的 anxious 和后面的 worry 同义替换。故选 C 项。 【43 题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：作为一个母亲，当我为我的孩子们感到担忧时，我会试着不让担 忧进入我的脑海，而是让我对他们充满信任。A. fill 填充；B. change 改变；C. read 阅读； D. ease 放松。由“my mind with trust in them”可知，作者让对他们充满自信。故选 A 项。 【44 题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：当然，有时候我会忘记那些话。A. eat 吃；B. twist 扭；C. exchange 换；D. forget 忘。作者有时候业会忘记那些话。故选 D 项。 【45 题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：1972 年，我和我的丈夫菲尔莫尔·克拉克在北好莱坞开了我们自 - 15 - 己的旅馆。A. clinic 诊所；B. hotel 旅馆；C. laundry 洗衣房；D. restaurant 餐厅。通 过后文的食物，电和雇员出问题，和我换被单推测，作者和丈夫开了他们自己的酒店。故选 B 项。 【46 题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这对我们来说是一次新的商业冒险，并且比我们当初预计的要 更加复杂且要求很高。A. promising 有前途的；B. demanding 要求高的；C. convincing 有 说服力的；D. boring 无聊的。由前文“This was a new business venture for us”可知， 这对他们来说是一次新的商业冒险，所有要求比预计的要高的多。故选 B 项。 【47 题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：这对我们来说是一次新的商业冒险，并且比我们当初预计的要更 加复杂。A. figured 计算；B. confirmed 确认；C. deduced 推断；D. suggested 建议。由 “it was a lot more 11 and complicated”可知，比我们当初计算的要更加复杂。 故选 A 项。 【48 题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：总是出问题。A. sour 酸的；B. missing 失踪的；C. wrong 错 的；D. pale 苍白的。根据后文“Electricity went on the blink, food wasn’t delivered, employees called in sick.”可知，停电了，食物没送到，员工打电话请病假，可知开酒店 很复杂，总是出问题。故选 C 项。 【49 题详解】 考查副词词义辨析。句意：有一次，一场流感突然让我们的服务员人手不够。A. hardly 几乎 不；B. regularly 经常地；C. specially 特别地；D. suddenly 突然地。由“ left us with no maids”可知，一场流感突然让我们的服务员人手不够。故选 D 项。 【50 题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：菲尔莫给了我一个选择：擦地板还是洗衣服。A. warning 警告；B. command 命令；C. choice 选择；D. solution 解决。结合后文，擦地板还是洗衣服，可知此 处为一个选择。故选 C 项。 【51 题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：整整 10 天，我叠了足够的特大号床单，足可覆盖整个加利福尼亚 州。A. serve 服务；B. touch 触摸；C. decorate 装饰；D. blanket 覆盖。此处夸张的手法， 作者的特大号床单可以覆盖整个加利福尼亚州。故选 D 项。 - 16 - 【52 题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：然后就是能源危机。A. credit 信用；B. energy 能源；C. identity 身份；D. family 家庭。由下文“The price of gasoline doubled”可知，出现了能源危机。 故选 B 项。 【53 题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：汽油价格翻了一番，加州的旅游业也下降了。A. ceased 停止；B. recovered 恢复；C. dropped 下降；D. boomed 繁荣。油价翻倍，加利福尼亚州的旅游业下降。 这都是不利的方面。故选 C 项。 【54 题详解】 考查介词短语词义辨析。句意：但我及时地控制住它们。A. in time 及时；B. on purpose 故意地；C. at random 任意地；D. by chance 偶然。由下文“I stood in the door of my mind and sent fear packing”可知，作者时地控制住它们。故选 A 项。 【55 题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：这几天在酒店，每当害怕来登记时，我就微笑着指着上面写着“没 有空房”的牌子。A. split 分开；B. shelter 掩蔽；C. withdraw 撤回；D. register 登记。 这道题用了‘双关’的写作手法：一说自己空房，二是说自己不让自己害怕降临；并且旅馆 都是要登记的。故选 D 项。 第三部分 阅读理解(共 15 小题；每小题 2 分，满分 30 分) 请认真阅读下列短文，从短文后各题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答 题卡上将该项涂黑。 A Twin Cities Campus · Office of Admissions 240 Williamson Hall · 231 Pillsbury Drive SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455 Dear Blair Connie, Congratulations! You have been admitted to the University of Minnesota (U of M) Twin Cities. Your college of admission is the College of Science and Engineering. - 17 - We believe your accomplishments have prepared you well to thrive here. When you step on campus as a Golden Gopher, you will be involved in our world-class academic programs and will shape your future in cutting-edge facilities. Choose a community bursting with Gopher pride. By choosing the U of M, you choose to work with classmates and professors who are “Driven to Discover.” When you choose the U of M, you will ■Discover exceptional academics. With thousands of courses to pick from each semester, you can engage with professors who are leaders in their fields and make meaningful connections with your fellow students in our technology-packed active learning classrooms. ■Discover unique opportunities. At the U of M, your college experience goes beyond the classroom. Your knowledge and talents can shine in one of our 900+ student organizations. ■Discover an ideal location. Campus is in the center of Minneapolis and St. Paul, where you can work as trainees at one of the 18 Fortune 500 companies or thousands of startups and nonprofits in the Twin Cities. ■Discover great value. The U of M is committed to four-year graduation, which lowers your costs and gets you an internationally recognized degree sooner. The University has been named “best value” by Forbes, Princeton Review, and Kiplinger’s. On behalf of the U of M, we are honored to have you join our academic community. In the coming weeks you will receive additional information about your next steps to becoming a U of M student. Welcome to the Class of 2024! Executive Director of Admissions Sincerely Heidi Meyer 56. What does the underlined phrase “a Golden Gopher” refer to? A. A freshman. B. A professor. C. An amateur. D. An inspector. 57. Which of the following is the benefit of choosing the U of M? - 18 - A. The university invites leaders in different fields to teach on campus. B. There are numerous clubs which offer students various activities. C. It is so ideally located that you have easy access to famous top brands. D. Many magazines rank it among the top universities with high tuition. 【答案】56. A 57. B 【解析】 本文为一篇应用文。文章为一封学生被学院录取后，大学通知书对于学校相关信息的介绍。 【56 题详解】 词义猜测题。根据第一段“Congratulations! You have been admitted to the University of Minnesota (U of M) Twin Cities.” 可知，恭喜你!你被明尼苏达双城大学录取了。表 明这封信是一封入学通知书，结合下文对于学校相关信息的介绍可知，这里的 golden gopher 指的是大一新生。故选 A 项。 【57 题详解】 细节理解题。根据 Discover unique opportunities 中“Your knowledge and talents can shine in one of our 900+ student organizations.”可知，学校提供了 900 个以上的学生 组织，学校有许多俱乐部为学生提供活动。因此，选择 U of M 的好处是这里有许多俱乐部为 学生提供各种各样的活动。故选 B 项。 B You are standing in a hall packed with friends, family, colleagues and peers. You are about to walk onto the stage and address theme. You’re expected to say something meaningful and profound and everyone is hanging on your every word. You need to be clearly spoken, confident and calm, maybe even funny. How do you feel? If you’re shaking, sweating and looking for the exit, you’re normal. Most of us are scared of public speaking and yet, as a society, we’re becoming more obsessed with hearing what people have to say: we watch endless TED talks, download podcasts and screen hours of YouTube clips. Being able to address a crowd is no longer the domain of the brave—if you want to get ahead in your career, you need to master it. I’ve done enough public speaking to have picked up some tips and tricks, and these are the ones I rely on most. The most important thing is to prepare. You don’t have to write out your speech - 19 - word by word but get the headline, three key points and the concluding sentence on paper and put bullet points under each. Then run through it and note which of your bullet points made it in and what you added. Adapt your notes and try again. Keep going until you have a structure. Now it’s time to watch yourself—yes, get out your camera and film yourself. This is how you will see the points that need work and where you can polish it up. Most of the information the audience will take away will be from your energy and your tone, a little from your words. Once you have sorted out the words, focus on how to exude(散发) the right energy—do you need confidence or humor? I go for confidence so, five minutes before a talk, I try to recall a success I’ve had. I focus on the details and aim to bring that feelings of competence to life. Finally, breathe. We cannot speak without breath, yet it is the first thing we let go of when we are nervous. Settle your breathing before you start. If you lose control of your breath in the middle, say “Let’s take a moment to think about that last point.” That gives you a pause to collect your breath. The only way to get over a fear of public speaking is to do it, again and again. You will have good and bad experiences but, if you do it enough, you’ll realize that, occasionally, it’s fun. 58. According to the author, why is public speech important to the average? A. Friendships can be established through it. B. Public speeches can display our courage. C. There are more occasions for pubic speeches. D. It is beneficial to our way up the career ladder. 59. Which of the following tips is recommended by the author? A. Preparing and writing down every detail. B. Displaying right energy during the speech. C. Watching famous films of public speeches. D. Telling key points and bullet points apart. 60. What view does the author hold about public speaking? A. It creates more and more fun if we stick to practice. B. It is easier to practise at home than to perform outside. - 20 - C. Experiences of public speaking can delight us sometimes. D. Attempts to give public speaking tend to fail in the end. 【答案】58. D 59. B 60. C 【解析】 本文为一篇说明文。文章从对演讲的恐惧讲到具体的准备和应对演讲恐惧的方法。 【58 题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段中 if you want to get ahead in your career, you need to master it 可知，如果你想在事业上取得成功，你需要掌握它。所以作者认为，为什么公众演讲对普 通人来说很重要是因为这对我们的职业生涯有好处。故选 D 项。 【59 题详解】 细节理解题。根据第五段中“once you have sorted out the words, focus on how to exude the right energy.”可知，一旦你整理好了这些词，就把重点放在如何释放正能量。所以我 们在演讲时需要展示正能量。故选 B 项。 【60 题详解】 推理判断题。根据最后一段“You will have good and bad experiences but, if you do it enough, you’ll realize that, occasionally, it’s fun.”(你会有好的和坏的经历，但 是，如果你做得足够多，你会偶尔意识到，它是很有趣的。)可知，作者对公众演讲持的观点 是演讲的经历有时会使我们高兴。故选 C 项。 C Throwing handfuls of bread to birds has long been seen as harmless enough. But in recent years, some scientists have suggested that bread might not do birds’ digestive systems any good, saying that as uneaten food rots down, the water quality worsens and algal blooms can occur. Plus, by encouraging birds to gather in one place, the build-up of droppings may result in outbreaks of disease too. Meanwhile, many cities have signs telling us not to feed pigeons and gulls, which are considered an “annoyance” due to the mess they make, and scattering bread inevitably attracts rats and mice. It seems that the public has accepted these warnings, and that fewer of us now feed birds this way. In October, a sign went up in a Derbyshire park claiming that - 21 - the local birds were dying of starvation, and urging visitors to feed them as before. When online posts about the notice went viral, feathers flew as people debated the benefits of handing out bread to birds. Paul Stancliffe of the British Trust for Ornithology(BTO) points out that there’s insufficient scientific evidence for bread harming birds, adding that, as little research has been done, it could even turn out to be beneficial. ① “We just don’t know,” he says. Although bread is a heavily processed “unnatural” food intended for humans, that alone may be insufficient grounds for not feeding it to birds. In the 1980s, the Wildfowl & Wetland Trust (WWT) carried out a comparative study of different flocks of mute swans, and the birds that consumed the most bread had weaker muscles, implying that a bread-heavy diet might be the cause. “Our official line is that bread is okay for ducks, geese and swans, but only in moderation,” says WWT’s Peter Morris. “However, this advice comes with several other warnings.” ② The first is that it’s best offered in winter, when there is less plant and insect food around. In spring and summer, too much artificial food may not be a good idea, since young birds have to learn how to look after themselves and natural food will contain a wider range of nutrients to help them grow. “Just like us, birds need a varied diet to stay healthy,” says a spokesperson for the Royal Society for the Protection of Birds(RSPB). “Although ducks, geese and swans can digest all types of bread, too much can leave them feeling full without giving them all of the important vitamins, minerals and nutrients they need.” ③ When bird feeding first became popular in the UK in the 19th century, some Victorians encouraged tough love, arguing that such handouts would only make our feathered friends lazy and dependent on welfare. ④ Morris says that there is a theory that wild birds can get “hooked” on easy meals, losing interest in other types of food. Another danger, he says, is that birds fed regularly end up accustomed to humans, placing themselves at greater risk of predation(捕食). 61. How can feeding birds with bread affect our urban life? A. Birds’ mess can attract many rats and mice. B. Birds’ gathering in one place disturbs our peace. - 22 - C. Bread goes bad and the water quality will suffer. D. Human beings are likely to be infected with bird flu. 62. If birds rely on a bread-heavy diet, there is a strong possibility that ________. A. they will become bigger in size with stronger muscles B. lack of certain nutrients negatively influences their health C. their digestive system will be damaged by artificial food D. they would soon choose bread rather than natural food 63. Where does the sentence “Such moralizing sounds old-fashioned nowadays, but may have a grain of truth.” best suit? A. ① B. ② C. ③ D. ④ 64. What is the best title for this passage? A. Is feeding birds a wise choice? B. Why not feed our bird neighbours? C. Can we treat birds as friends? D. When do birds need our food aid? 【答案】61. C 62. B 63. D 64. A 【解析】 本文为一篇说明文。短文介绍了对于人类喂食鸟类的不同观点。 【61 题详解】 细节理解题。根据第一段“But in recent years, some scientists have suggested that bread might not do birds’ digestive systems any good, saying that as uneaten food rots down, the water quality worsens and algal blooms can occur.”可知，当那些没有被吃 的面包腐烂了，水质会被污染，藻类水华会发生。故选 C 项。 【62 题详解】 推理判断题。根据第五段“Although ducks, geese and swans can digest all types of bread, too much can leave them feeling full without giving them all of the important vitamins, minerals and nutrients they need.”(尽管鸭子、鹅和天鹅能消化所有类型的食粮，但过 多的食物会让它们感觉饱了，却没有给它们所需的所有重要维生素、矿物质和营养。)由此判 断出，如果鸟类依赖大量食粮，很有可能缺乏某些营养会对它们的健康产生负面影响。故选 B 项。 【63 题详解】 推理判断题。结合前文“When bird feeding first became popular in the UK in the 19th - 23 - century, some Victorians encouraged tough love, arguing that such handouts would only make our feathered friends lazy and dependent on welfare.”(当喂鸟在 19 世纪首次在 英国流行时，一些维多利亚人鼓励严厉的爱，认为这种施舍只会让我们的羽翼未丰的朋友变 得懒惰和依赖。)后文“Morris says that there is a theory that wild birds can get “hooked” on easy meals, losing interest in other types of food. Another danger, he says, is that birds fed regularly end up accustomed to humans, placing themselves at greater risk of predation(捕食).”莫里斯说，有一种理论认为，野生鸟类会对简单的 食物“上瘾”，对其他类型的食物失去兴趣。他说，另一个危险是，经常被喂食的鸟类最终 会习惯于人类，从而使自己面临更大的被捕食风险。插入的句子意思是“这种说教现在听起 来很过时，但可能有一定的道理”，前文的说教看起来老套，后文具体阐释了道理，承上启 下，在④处符合。故选 D 项。 【64 题详解】 主旨大意题。由第一段“But in recent years, some scientists have suggested that bread might not do birds’ digestive systems any good, saying that as uneaten food rots down, the water quality worsens and algal blooms can occur”但近年来，一些科学家 认为面包可能对鸟类的消化系统没有任何好处，他们说，随着未食用的食物的腐烂，水质会 恶化，藻类会大量繁殖。由第二段“When online posts about the notice went viral, feathers flew as people debated the benefits of handing out bread to birds” 当关 于这一通知类的帖子在网上传播时，人们争论着给鸟分发食粮的好处。所以短文的最佳标题 是“喂鸟是明智的选择吗？”。故选 A 项。 D Despite all the ways we have to interact with others, people still feel isolated and lone. Loneliness is an increasing problem—so much so that, last year, the government introduced a loneliness strategy and minister for loneliness. We used to talk of the condition in relation to older people but rarely gender. It may come as a surprise then that so many of those affected by loneliness are men. A recent YouGov survey for Movember, a charity event that raises awareness of men’s health issues, asked men about their friendships and whether they had people outside their homes they could swap their worries with. Half of men asked said they had two or fewer friends and one in eight had none—that’s 2.5 million men with no - 24 - close friends. Even worse, men’s friendlessness doubles between their early 20s and late middle age. Isolation can have physical and mental health implications. A 2017 report by the Commission on Loneliness said loneliness is as harmful to health as smoking 15 cigarettes a day. Research shows correlation between loneliness and heart disease and strokes, and other studies associate loneliness with depression. However, why are so many men affected? In our latest podcast, psychotherapist Noel Bell says some men feel they have to be self-reliant. Due to widespread social stereotypes(刻板 印象), it can be viewed as a sign of weakness for men to admit they have a problem, express their deepest feelings or discuss a serious personal topic. Perhaps due to the way generations of men have been raised, it is often difficult to recognize feelings of loneliness in the first place. Behavioural differences between boys and girls are not naturally born at birth, they are socialised. Girls are stereotypically seen as more emotional and talkative and so their communicative and expressive skills are more valued than those of boys by parents and teachers, according to researchers. For some men, having a partner and a family can somewhat shelter them from the negative effects of loneliness—but what if their personal circumstances change? After a relationship breaks down or there is a loss of you beloved, some men find their friends have drifted away and they have no one to talk to. Social media can be beneficial if it leads to interaction in the real world, but online networks are no substitute for face-to-face friendships—the number of likes on your most recent post does not compare with genuine connection. Social activities such as team sports aren’t for everyone and, if you’re already feeling lonely or isolated, it can be difficult to build the confidence to enter those environments and connect over a shared interest. There is also the danger that some male-dominated social environments encourage drinking alcohol and may not be the right places for those who are feeling the mental health effects of isolation. That said, ‘shoulder to shoulder’ active interactions for men, such as exercise, especially running, are proven to be beneficial. But such activities do not interest all men - 25 - and this is where psychotherapy(心理疗法) can be of particular use. Don’t suffer in silence. A psychotherapist is not a friend, nor is therapy a substitute for a meaningful friendship. A therapist will, however, help a client identify what may be creating barriers to them building supportive friendships and determine the factors that may be causing their feelings of isolation. A therapist will work with the client to address their issues, providing a fair, non-judgemental space in which a lonely person can work out what is best for them and how to move towards a more connected and contented life. Bell, a famous therapist, says too many men enter therapy only when a situation has reached crisis point and he encourages men not to bottle up their emotions. “Reflecting on your feelings is healthy and normal,” he says. 65. Who used to be the prime victims of loneliness? A. Junior students. B. Isolated ministers. C. Mature men. D. Senior citizens. 66. What does the survey done by YouGov imply? A. Men tend to expand their social circle after their adolescence. B. Young and middle-aged male adults suffer more from loneliness. C. Loneliness remains at the same level despite different ages. D. Deep friendships are difficult to maintain between the males. 67. According to the Nobel Bell, men’s loneliness is relevant to _______. A. the fear of dying of heart disease and strokes B. the depression popular among men of all ages C. the conventional view on how men should behave D. their reliance on outside assistance through hardships 68. In terms of social stereotypes, girls are better at _______. A. gaining sympathy from men B. hiding their true emotions C. disciplining their own behavior D. interacting with other people 69. Why does the author mention social media in Paragraph 5? A. To stress the importance of real interaction to men. B. To introduce a possible way out of loneliness for men. - 26 - C. To contradict the belief that men feel lonely online. D. To illustrate how social media can relieve depression. 70. When might a psychotherapist be of particular use? A. When there is no substitute for the current therapy. B. Not until a man is fully conscious of the crisis point? C. When active interactions fail to attract a lonely man. D. After a man is excluded from a team of common interests. 【答案】65. D 66. B 67. C 68. D 69. A 70. C 【解析】 本文为一篇说明文。讲述了孤独，尤其是男人的孤独的现状，可能的原因，以及理疗师参与 的时间点以及情形。 【65 题详解】 细节理解题。根据第一段“we used to talk of the condition in relation to older people but rarely gender.” 可知，我们过去常常谈论老年人的情况，但很少谈论性别。所以老年 人曾经是孤独的主要受害者。故选 D 项。 【66 题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段 Even worse, men’s friendlessness doubles between their early 20s and late middle age.可知，更糟糕的是，男性在 20 岁出头到中年晚期之间的无朋友状 态翻了一番。因此青壮年男性朋友更少，更容易感到孤独。故选 B 项。 【67 题详解】 细节理解题。根据第三段 In our latest podcast, psychotherapist Noel Bell says some men feel they have to be self-reliant. Due to widespread social stereotypes (刻板印象), it can be viewed as a sign of weakness for men to admit they have a problem, express their deepest feelings or discuss a serious personal topic. 可知，心理治疗学家 Noel Bell 在最新的播客中说，有些男人觉得自己必须自力更生。由于广泛的社会刻板印象，男人 承认自己有问题，表达自己的最深切的感情或谈论严肃的个人话题，可以看作是软弱的标志。 因此 Noel Bell 认为，男人的孤独感与关于男人该怎么做的传统观点有关。故选 C 项。 【68 题详解】 细节理解题。根据第四段 Behavioral differences between boys and girls. 可知，女孩们 更加感性并且多言，因此他们与别人的沟通技巧比男孩更好。所以女孩更善于与别人交流。 - 27 - 故选 D 项。 【69 题详解】 推理判断题。根据第五段 Social media can be beneficial if it leads to interaction in the real world, but online networks are no substitute for face-to-face friendships—the number of likes on your most recent post does not compare with genuine connection.可知，作者认为社交媒体对于人与真实世界的互动是有好处的，但是在线交流是 不能替代面对面的交流和面对面的友情的。因此作者提出社交媒体的目的是强调真正的互动 对男人的重要性。故选 A 项。 【70 题详解】 细节理解题。根据倒数第二段 But such activities do not interest all men and this is where psychotherapy(心理疗法) can be of particular use.可知，这些活动不会让所有男 人都感兴趣，此时就应该使用心理疗法。寻找上文活动的内容，可以总结为那些主动的，与 别的男人主动交流的活动。当主动的一些与人交往的尝试不能吸引一个孤独的人时，理疗师 就应该出场了。故选 C 项。 第四部分 任务型阅读(共 10 小题；每小题 1 分，满分 10 分) 请认真阅读下列短文，并根据所读内容在文章后表格中的空格里填入一个最恰当的单词。 This is a stranger truth that anyone older than 25 will already know: as life goes on, time seems to speed up. Think back to childhood when holidays seemed to last forever and you attended a school for what felt like decades. Now consider last year, by contrast, and it probably raced by. As those in their 30s and 40s will know, the effect gets worse with age—and, for people in their 70s, a year can flash by in what seems like days. “Where did the time go?” we wonder. One study found that if you’re 40, assuming you live to be 80, your life, in terms of your subjective experience of time, is already 70 percent gone. It’s all rather terrifying. Fortunately, though, you have the power to change things. The best explanation is that memories seem longer when our brains have to process more information. Childhood and young adulthood are full of novelty—the first time you rode a bike, had a romance, go job—but, as we get older, things get more routine. You can test this out by recalling a recent experience of novelty in your life, such as travel. A few years back, I went skiing for the first time, and that four-day trip - 28 - still feels “long”. But a four-day period in my ordinary life zooms by too quickly for me to notice. One solution, then, is obvious: do lots of new stuff. Travel more, if you can, and to unfamiliar places. Try new hobbies and meet new people—you’ll be taxing your brain, and the result will be a life that feels longer, more expansive and meaningful. But smaller changes work, too: even altering the route you take to the office, reading different kinds of novels or varying where you buy your sandwich at lunchtime will have some impact. But novelty can only go so far. Besides, a fulfilling life requires routine: you can’t build deep relationships, or rise through the ranks at work if you’re always switching friends or jobs or even spouses. That’s why the Buddhist teacher Shinzen Young suggests an additional strategy: learn to meditate(冥想). Even a few minutes a day will enhance your concentration, and the better you get at concentrating, the more information your brain will take in during any experience, no matter how boring. You’ll be making your whole life a little more novel. You’ll be more present and time will pass less quickly; in effect, you’ll extend your life—without magic pills or groundbreaking medical technology. Title: How to stop time speeding up Passage outline Supporting details A truth familiar to ___71___ ●Everything seemed to last longer in our childhood, ___72___ holidays. ●With people ___73___, the worsening effect makes them believe time goes faster and faster. Findings of a previous study There exists an explicit gap between our real age and our ___74___ understanding of how old we are. The best explanation ___75___ something fresh can make our memories last. - 29 - Two possible ___76___ on handling the problem ●Doing new stuff ___77___ much effort of our brain, causing a seemingly longer and more meaningful life. ●Making minor changes is also an ___78___ way to create longer feelings. ●Meditation helps people concentrate on routine and ___79___ more information from boring experiences. Conclusion Even without medication, people can live a more novel life and experiencing slow flow of time actually ______80______ their life. 【答案】71. adults 72. including 73. aging/ageing 74. subjective 75. Trying 76. tips/suggestions 77. requires/demands/needs 78. effective 79. absorb 80. extends 【解析】 本文为一篇说明文。说明了人随着年龄的增长，感觉时间加快的原因以及处理此问题的方法。 【71 题详解】 考查归纳理解，提取信息的能力。根据第一段“This is a stranger truth that anyone older than 25 will already know: as life goes on, time seems to speed up.” 这是一个任 何超过 25 岁的人都知道的奇怪的事实:随着生活的继续，时间似乎在加速。所以这是成年人 - 30 - 熟悉的事实。故填 adults。 【72 题详解】 考查归纳理解，提取信息的能力。根据第一段“Think back to childhood when holidays seemed to last forever” 回想一下你的童年，那时假期似乎永远都过不完。所以童年的一 切看起来都延续更久，包括假期在内。故填 including。 【73 题详解】 考查归纳理解，提取信息的能力。根据第一段“As those in their 30s and 40s will know, the effect gets worse with age---and, for people in their 70s, a year can flash by in what seems like days. ” 30 多岁和 40 多岁的人都知道，随着年龄的增长，这种影响会 越来越严重——对于 70 多岁的人来说，一年就像几天一样转瞬即逝。所以随着人们年龄的增 长，这种影响会越来越严重。故填 aging/ageing。 【74 题详解】 考查归纳理解，提取信息的能力。根据第二段“One study found that if you’re 40, assuming you live to be 80, your life, in terms of your subjective experience of time, is already 70 percent gone.” 一项研究发现，如果你 40 岁，假设你活到 80 岁，你的生活，就你对时 间的主观体验而言，已经消失了 70%。。所以人们的实际年龄和主观的年龄认知有很清晰的界 限。故填 subjective。 【75 题详解】 考 查 归 纳 理 解 ， 提 取 信 息 的 能 力 。 根 据 第 四 段 “Try new hobbies and meet new people---you’ll be taxing your brain, and the result will be a life that feels longer, more expansive and meaningful.” 尝试新的爱好，结识新的朋友——你会消耗你的脑力， 结果是你的生活感觉更长久，更广阔，更有意义。所以尝试新事物可以使得我们的记忆持续。 原词重现，这里注意动名词 ing 形式。故填 Trying。 【76 题详解】 考查归纳理解，提取信息的能力。第四段就是在针对上文的情况提出建议，注意题干的 on。 故填 tips/suggestions。 【77 题详解】 考 查 归 纳 理 解 ， 提 取 信 息 的 能 力 。 根 据 第 四 段 “Try new hobbies and meet new people---you’ll be taxing your brain, and the result will be a life that feels longer, more expansive and meaningful.” 尝试新的爱好，结识新的朋友——你会消耗你的脑力， - 31 - 结果是你的生活感觉更长久，更广阔，更有意义。尝试新事物可以使得我们的记忆持续。所 以尝试新事物锻炼大脑，新事物要求大脑更努力，会让人觉得生命的意义和珍贵。故填 requires/demands/needs。 【78 题详解】 考查归纳理解，提取信息的能力。根据第四段“But smaller changes work, too: even altering the route you take to the office, reading different kinds of novels or varying where you buy your sandwich at lunchtime will have some impact.” 但较小的改变也 有作用:甚至改变你去办公室的路线，阅读不同种类的小说，或者改变你在午餐时间买三明治 的地方，都会有一定的影响。所以即使是改变很微小的事情也是有影响的，impact 在这里指 积极的影响。故填 effective。 【79 题详解】 考查归纳理解，提取信息的能力。根据第五段“Even a few minutes a day will enhance your concentration, and the better you get at concentrating, the more information your brain will take in during any experience, no matter how boring.” 即使一天几分钟 也能提高你的注意力，而且你越能集中注意力，你的大脑在任何经历中都会吸收更多的信息， 不管多么无聊 。所以集中注意力可以吸收更多的信息。take in 在这里就是“吸收”的意思。 故填 absorb。 【80 题详解】 考查归纳理解，提取信息的能力。根据最后一段“in effect, you’ll extend your life----without magic pills or groundbreaking medical technology.” 实际上，你将 延长你的生命——没有神奇的药丸或突破性的医疗技术。所以人们会使得人生延长扩展，原 词重现。故填 extends。 第五部分 书面表达(满分 25 分) 81.请认真阅读下文信息，并按要求用英语写一篇 150 词左右的文章。 A new regulation by China’s Ministry of Education aims to grant primary and middle school teachers more room in punishing their students in order to achieve better teaching results. The regulation lists punishments available to teachers in three categories based on the level of severity of the offense, including naming and shaming, forced standing that lasts no longer than one class session, and suspension of class for no longer - 32 - than one week. Zhang Lifeng, a 43-year-old parent, welcomed the move. “The regulation should have come earlier,” she said. “It will benefit both teachers and students as well as parents.” However, a ninth grader at a middle school, disagreed. “It is normal for adolescent students to make mistakes. I don’t think punishments are necessary. They may cause more trouble,” he said. Chen Xianzhe, a professor with the School of Education at South China Normal University, said punishments are just a part of the teaching process. The regulation asks schools to draft their own regulations accordingly to clarify the rules for teachers in taking disciplinary actions against their students. 【写作内容】 1、用约 30 个单词概括上述信息的主要内容； 2、谈谈你如何看待教育惩戒，并简述理由； 3、请你对教育惩戒规则的实施提出合理建议(至少两点)。 【写作要求】 1、写作过程中不能直接引用原文语句； 2、作文中不能出现真实姓名和学校名称； 3、不必写标题。 【评分标准】 内容完整，语言规范，语篇连贯，词数适当 ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________ 【答案】According to a new regulation issued by China’s Ministry of Education, teachers have the right to discipline students who break school rules, which, however, has generated a lot of discussion. From my perspective, the significance of school discipline cannot be stressed - 33 - too much. For one thing, the regulation will help students better understand the consequences of misbehaving, which is of great benefit to their healthy growth and development. For another, the regulation can delegate more power to teachers, who shoulder pressure in dealing with misbehaving students. In order for the regulation to be conducted effectively, many joint efforts need to be made. First of all, authorities and schools should set up specific and reasonable rules for school discipline. Secondly, teachers ought to understand the rules thoroughly to employ them properly instead of abusing them. More importantly, parents are supposed to cooperate with teachers to reach a consensus on the level of punishments. 【解析】 【分析】 这是一篇读写任务，要求考生认真阅读下文信息，并按要求用英语写一篇 150 词左右的文章。 【详解】第一步: 审题 体裁: 应用文 时态：根据提示，时态应为一般现在时和一般将来时。 要求： 用约 30 个单词概括上述信息的主要内容； 谈谈你如何看待教育惩戒，并简述理由； 请你对教育惩戒规则的实施提出合理建议(至少两点)。 第二步: 列提纲 (重点词组) be delighted to;grateful;be supposed to do;look forward to 第三步: 连词成句 According to a new regulation issued by China’s Ministry of Education, teachers have the right to discipline students who break school rules, which, however, has generated a lot of discussion. From my perspective, the significance of school discipline cannot be stressed too much. For one thing, the regulation will help students better understand the consequences of misbehaving, which is of great benefit to their healthy growth and development. - 34 - For another, the regulation can delegate more power to teachers, who shoulder pressure in dealing with misbehaving students. First of all, authorities and schools should set up specific and reasonable rules for school discipline. Secondly, teachers ought to understand the rules thoroughly to employ them properly instead of abusing them. 根据提示及关键词（组）进行遣词造句，注意主谓一致和时态问题。 第四步: 连句成篇 (衔接词) 1.表文章结构顺序：First of all, Firstly/First, Secondly/Second… And then, Finally, In the end, At last 2.表并列补充关系：What is more, Besides, Moreover, Furthermore, In addition As well as, not only…but (also), including, 3.表转折对比关系：However, On the contrary, but, Although+clause(从句), In spite of+n/doing,On the one hand…,On the other hand… Some…,while others…,as for, so…that… 4.表因果关系：Because, As, So, Thus, Therefore, As a result 连句成文，注意使用恰当的连词进行句子之间的衔接与过渡，书写一定要规范清晰， 第五步: 润色修改 【点睛】范文内容完整，要点全面，语言规范，语篇连贯，词数适当，上下文意思连贯，符 合逻辑关系。作者在范文中使用了定语从句，如：“For another, the regulation can delegate more power to teachers, who shoulder pressure in dealing with misbehaving students”。 全文中没有中国式英语的句式，显示了很高的驾驭英语的能力。另外，文章思路清晰、层次 分明，上下句转换自然，为文章增色添彩。 - 35 -