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【英语】2018届语法二轮复习代词学案(17页)
2018届语法二轮复习 代词 真题回顾 单句改错 1.(2016·新课标Ⅰ) My uncle says that he never dreams of becoming rich in a short period of time.Instead,he hopes that our business will grow steadily. 2.(2016·新课标Ⅱ) If we go on a trip abroad,we can broaden your view and gain knowledge we cannot get from books. 3.(2016·新课标Ⅱ) It does not cost many,yet we can still learn a lot. 4.(2016·新课标Ⅲ) I thought I knew everything and could make decisions by myself.However,my parents didn't seem to think such. 5.(2016·新课标Ⅲ) At first,I thought I knew everything and could make decisions by yourself. 6.(2016·新课标Ⅲ) At last,I will be on my own,but I still want to have my parents to turn to whenever need help. 7.(2016·四川) When he came back,I found a bunch of flowers in her hand. 8.(2015·新课标Ⅰ) We must find ways to protect your environment. 9.(2015·陕西) I wanted to do anything special for him at his retirement party. 10.(2015·浙江) Close to the school there was a beautiful park with many trees around them. 11.(2014·新课标Ⅰ) The fruits are small in size,but juicy and tasty.There are so much that we often share them with our neighbors. 12.(2014·浙江) Then everyone in the carriage began searching for the ticket,which was eventually found under a seat several rows from his owner. 13.(2014·四川) If it's a false alarm and there is no fire,your teacher will lead us back to the classroom. 14.(2014·辽宁) We appreciate our apologies and goodwill,but we hope that you can figure out a good way of settling the matter. 15.(2014·陕西) My uncles all came along with bows and arrows for hunting...Neither of the arrows hit the target. 答案及解析 1.our→his句意:……相反,他希望他的生意能够稳步增长。根据语境可知,此处与主语he对应,指他的生意,用his指代,保持人称一致。 2.your→our句意:如果我们出国旅游,我们就能拓宽视野并学到书本上学不到的知识。此处应该使用our与本句的主语we在人称上保持一致。 3.many→much句意:那样花费不多,而我们仍然可以学到很多。此处代词much指代不可数名词much money,作为动词cost的宾语,而many通常指代可数名词复数。 4.such→so句意:然而,我的父母看起来不那样认为。so作指示代词时,可以代替前面的could make decisions by myself,such不能指代前面的内容。 5.yourself→myself句意:起初,我认为我知道一切,并且能够独自做决定。句子的主语是I,因此反身代词用myself。 6.need前加I句意:……但我还是想无论什么时候我需要帮助,都有父母可以让我求助。此处是让步状语从句,句子缺少主语,由前面的语境可知主语用I。 7.her→his句意:当他回来时,我发现他手里有一束花。根据句意可知应用his。 8.your→our句意:我们必须要找到保护环境的方法。根据句子结构及上文的意思可知,这里指保护“我们”的环境,与we相对应;此处应用our。 9.anything→something句意:我想在他退休聚会上为他做些特别的事情。肯定句中用something。 10.them→it句意:靠近学校的是一个绿树成荫的公园。由于此处指公园里有许多树,应用it指代前面的公园。 11.much→many句意:……圣女果很多,于是我们常跟邻居们分享。根据上下文的意思可知,句中用many指代上文提到的the fruits,所以不能使用much。 12.his→its/the 句意:于是车厢里所有的人都开始寻找那张票,最后在离它的主人几排的座位下面找到了。表示“它的主人”,应用its或the。 13.us→you句意:如果是误警而没有起火,你们的老师将会把你们领回教室。根据句子的主语your teacher可知此处应是 “你们的老师会带你们回教室”。 14.our→your句意:我们非常欣赏你们的道歉和善意,然而我们也希望你们能够想出解决这件事情的好方法。根据全文的意思及句子的意思分析可知,我们是对对方的道歉和善意感到高兴,而不是自己的道歉。 15.Neither→None句意:……没有一支箭击中目标。根据第一段中的all可知,指所有叔叔们的箭都没有击中目标。 单句语法填空 1.(2016·新课标Ⅰ,68) On my recent visit,I held a lively threemonthold twin that had been rejected by ________ (it) mother. 2.(2016·四川,68) By that time,the panda no longer needed ________ (it) mother for food. 3.(2016·浙江,3) In many ways,the education system in the US is not very different from ________ in the UK. 4.(2015·新课标Ⅰ,63) A few hours before,I'd been at home in Hong Kong,with ________(it) choking smog. 5.(2015·四川,10) Niki is always full of ideas,but ________ is useful to my knowledge. 6.(2015·重庆,2) The meeting will be held in September,but ________ knows the date for sure. 7.(2014·辽宁,65) Raise your leg and let ________ stay in the air for seconds. 8.(2014·广西,25) —Who's that at the door? —________ is the milkman. 9.(2014·浙江,3) An average of just 18.75 cm of rain fell last year,making ________ the driest year since California became a state in 1850. 10.(2014·陕西,21) I'd appreciate ________ if you could let me know in advance whether or not you will come. 11.(2014·重庆,1) A smile costs ________,but gives much. 12.(2014·四川,1) She'd lived in London and Manchester,but she liked ________ and moved to Cambridge. 13.(2014·福建,21) In some countries,people eat with chopsticks,while in________,knives and forks. 答案及解析 1.its句意:在我最近的一次参观中,可爱的三个月大的双胞胎中的一只被它的妈妈遗弃了。由后面的mother可知,此处应用形容词性物主代词its表示所属关系。 2.its句意:到那时,这只熊猫不再需要从它的母亲那里获取食物。此处用形容词性物主代词its修饰mother。 3.that句意:在很多方面,美国的教育体系和英国的教育体系很不一样。这里指代前面的名词education system,所以用that。 4.its句意:几小时之前,我待在香港的家,那儿的雾令人窒息。根据句子意思可知,此处的smog为香港的smog,所以需要一个形容词性物主代词修饰。 5.none句意:妮基总是充满想法,但是,据我所知,没有一个是有用的。此句中代替物、表示否定且有范围故应用none。 6.nobody句意:会议将在九月举行,但是没有人知道确切的日期。根据句中的转折词but可知,后面的句子应为否定含义,所以用nobody。 7.it句意:抬起腿,让它在空中待一会儿。let的宾语指的是前面的your leg,故填it。 8.It句意:——门口的那个人是谁?——送牛奶的。指代身份、性别等不明确的人时用代词it。 9.it句意:去年的平均降雨量是18.75厘米,这是加利福尼亚自1850年成立以来最干旱的一年。所填词指代last year,作making的宾语,故用it。 10.it句意:如果您能提前通知我来或者不来的话,我将会很感激。动词appreciate接if从句时,后面须用it作形式宾语,指代后面的if从句。 11.nothing句意:微笑不需要付出什么,但却可以给予很多。由句中转折词but及give much可知,应填nothing。 12.neither句意:她曾经住在伦敦和曼彻斯特,但是她哪个也不喜欢,就搬到了剑桥。由句意可知,她对这两座城市都不喜欢,用否定代词neither,表示“两者都不”。 13.others句意:在一些国家,人们用筷子吃饭,然而在另一些国家,人们用刀叉吃饭。由句中关键词in some countries再结合固定搭配some...others...可知答案。 代词在短文改错和短文语法填空中的运用 1.分析句子成分,看句中主语或宾语是否有缺失或者多余。如果缺少主语,则需要添加人称代词主格、指示代词、不定代词或it;如果缺宾语,则可以添加人称代词宾格;如果宾语和主语指同一个人,则应用反身代词。 2.检查搭配,看名词前是否需要代词。如果名词前需要代词,则需要添加形容词性物主代词。 3.通读全文,通过上下文的语境检查代词指代是否一致。如果代词指代不一致就要参照上下文的讲述来确定是哪一处出现了错误,进行改正。 4.根据句式结构,判断句子是否为it的特殊句式,it作形式主语、形式宾语或在强调句中。一些固定句式中it的用法也要注意。 5.对不定代词的考查主要集中在其指代范围,这就需要分析上下文意义,看代词是肯定还是否定,是指代两者还是三者或三者以上,从而确定不定代词的使用是否合适。 (2015·四川) It's been three Saturdays now and it really costs me many. (2014·广西) Otherwise,it is impossible for him to help each other and to make their friendship last long. 【解析】many→much句意:现在已经三个星期六了,的确花费很多。根据句意可知,指花钱很多;在英语中“钱”是不可数名词,故用much修饰。 【解析】him→them句意:否则,对他们来说相互帮助并让友谊长久是不可能的。由下文的each other及their friendship可知,指的是多个朋友。所以根据指代一致性原则可知,应该使用them在句中作for的宾语。 1.观察空格前后的词,确定用哪一类代词。若空格后是句子的谓语动词,要填的词应考虑人称代词主格;若是名词或相当于名词的词,则要填一个形容词性物主代词,作定语。若空格前是动词,要填的词应考虑人称代词宾格、反身代词、名词性物主代词、不定代词等;若是起限定作用的词,则要考虑名词性物主代词或不定代词。 2.理清句子的逻辑意义,确定被替代的对象的适用范围是两者还是多者、表示否定意义还是肯定意义、是可数名词还是不可数名词,如果是可数名词,还要分辨是单数还是复数。 (2015·福建,21) The research group produced two reports based on the survey,but ________ contained any useful suggestions. (2014·新课标Ⅱ,49) A woman on the bus shouted,“Oh dear!It's ________ (I).” 【解析】neither句意:研究组依据调查得出两份报告,但是这两份报告都没有任何有用的建议。由表示转折关系的but可知,后面表示否定意义;再分析句子意思可知,空白对应前面的two reports,那么其否定代词为neither。 【解析】me/mine句意:公交车上的一位妇女说,“哦,天哪!是我(的)。”此处作表语,可用me,表示“是‘我’丢了手提箱”,或用mine表示“手提箱是‘我的’”。 语法回顾 一、代词的分类 用来代替名词或起名词作用的词、短语、分句或句子的词叫作代词。英语中的代词可分为九类。 分类 代 词 主格:I,you,he,she,it,we,they 人称代词 宾格:me,you,him,her,it,us,them 物主代词 形容词性:my,your,his,her,its,our,their 名词性:mine,yours,his,hers,its,ours,theirs 反身代词 myself,yourself,himself,herself,itself,yourselves,themselves,ourselves 指示代词 this,that,these,those,such,so 不定代词 one,some,any,each,none,all,both,neither,either,other,another,no,many,much,(a)few,(a)little,something,anything,nothing,everything 相互代词 each other,one another 疑问代词 who,whom,whose,which,what whoever,whichever,whatever 连接代词 who,whom,whose,which,what whoever,whichever,whatever 关系代词 that,which,who,whom,whose,as (连接代词、关系代词的考查见并列句和复合句部分) 二、常考代词的用法 both,all,either,any,neither,none,no one 指代范围 代词 用法 两者 both 意为“两者都”,是对两者的肯定 either 意为“(两者中)任一个”,表示二选一 neither 意为“都不”,是对两者的否定 三者或三者以上 all 意为“全部”,指代或修饰可数名词复数或不可数名词 any 意为“任何一个”,指代或修饰可数名词单数或不可数名词 none 意为“全无,没有一点”, 指代可数名词复数或不可数名词 指物或人,其后可接表示范围的of... 回答how many/how much的提问 no one 意为“没有人”,只指人 其后不接表示范围的of... 回答who的提问 He is good at both English and French. You can take either of the pictures,whichever you like. It was a game in which neither team would win. Neither of us could understand German. All are happy to know the news. Phone me any day next week. We had three cats once but none(of them)is alive now. No one knows the answer. —How many of you have been to the Great Wall? —None. other,another 两者都意为“另一个”。other适用于两者的范围;another适用于三者或三者以上的范围。 代词 用法 other 与定冠词连用后独立使用,或修饰可数名词单、复数,修饰可数名词复数时相当于the others 直接修饰名词,修饰可数名词复数时相当于others another 独立使用或修饰可数名词单数 后接大于一的基数词或接few后再接可数名词复数 Before the game,both sides said they would beat the other. Don't cut in when others speak. We still have to get another five chairs and some fresh flowers. something,anything,everything,nothing 代词 用法 something 意为“某事,某物”,用在肯定句或表示建议、请求并希望得到肯定回答的疑问句中 anything 意为“某事物”,用在否定句或疑问句中 意为“任何事物”,用在肯定句中 everything 意为“每件事物,所有事物”,强调整体,用在否定句中,表示部分否定 nothing 意为“没有任何东西,没有事”,表示全部否定 I have something important to tell him. Do you want anything from the shops? He is always helping people without expecting anything in return. Do you have everything ready for the party,Mary? If there is nothing to do,I wonder if I can ask for a leave. it/they/them,that/those,one/ones 代词 用法 it/they/them 指代上文提到的同一事物,复数用they/them that/those that特指同类异物的可数名词单数或不可数名词,只指物,通常有范围限定 复数those相当于the ones,只指可数名词复数,可指人,也可指物 one/ones 泛指同类异物的可数名词单数用one,复数用ones There is a tall tree in front of the house and it is about 500 years old. The weather here is much better than that in Beijing. Usually there might be a lot of accidents in the heavy fog.I happened to have witnessed one this morning. 三、代词it的灵活运用 指代时间、距离、天气等自然现象 It is just five o'clock now. After September 23,it is getting dark earlier. In mountainous areas,it is usually cooler in summer. 性别或身份不明或被认为不重要的人或物 —Who is that gentleman? —It's my friend Tom.He wants to see you.(不可用It,因为此时身份已明确) 未指明但谈话双方都明白的事情或情况 —I'm sorry to have broken your cup. —It doesn't matter. 作形式主语或形式宾语 It is said that he has gone abroad to receive further study. I find it very useful to remember plenty of English idioms. 用于强调结构 it没有具体意义,可强调除谓语动词外的成分。其基本句型为:It+is/was+被强调部分+that(被强调的部分是人或物)/who(被强调的部分是人)+其他... It was not until ten o'clock that we got home last night. It was your father that/whom I met in the street yesterday. 在一些固定结构中 make it 成功了 get it 懂了 put it 说了 Take it easy.别紧张。 can't help it 无能为力 ask for it 自寻麻烦,自找苦吃 You said it.一点不错! mean it 说话算数 call it a day 今天就到此结束,收工 take it that 认为…… hate it when 讨厌…… like it when 喜欢…… appreciate it if 如果……不胜感激 see to it that 务必…… count on it that 相信…… when it comes to 一谈到……;就……而论查看更多