2020届二轮复习阅读理解阅读技能指导之(十五)应用文之广告海报——抓标题明意图，定区间细比对

2020届二轮复习阅读理解阅读技能指导之(十五)应用文之广告海报——抓标题明意图，定区间细比对

‎2020届二轮复习阅读理解阅读技能指导之(十五) 应用文之广告海报——抓标题明意图，定区间细比对 ‎ “广告海报”主题类应用文是阅读理解常考主题之一，在近5年全国卷应用文中占比高达30%。此类文章生僻词汇多、信息广，阅读枯燥，考生兴趣不高，虽难度不大，但常造成考生非智力因素失分。阅读此类文章，没必要字斟句酌，关键是通过文章一系列的标题明确文章的写作意图所在。掌握文章宣传介绍了什么、有何特点和价值，然后快速浏览题目，依据题干中的关键词定位信息区间，对相关内容进行比对，答案便可确定。‎ ‎[高考典例]　2018•全国卷Ⅲ•A篇 ‎[抓标题⇨明意图•定区间]‎ ‎[读文解题技法]‎ 主标题 副标题① ◄‎ 小标题① ◄‎ 小标题② ◄‎ 小标题③ ◄‎ 副标题② ◄‎ 小标题④ ◄‎ 小标题⑤ ◄‎ 小标题⑥ ◄‎ Welcome to Holker Hall & Gardens Visitor Information How_to_Get_to_Holker By Car: Follow brown signs on A590 from J36, M6. Approximate travel times：Windermere — 20 minutes, Kendal — 25 minutes, Lancaster — 45 minutes, Manchester — 1 hour 30 minutes.‎ By Rail：The nearest station is CarkinCartmel with trains to Carnforth, Lancaster and Preston for connections to major cities & airports.‎ Opening_Times Sunday－Friday (closed on Saturday) 11：00 am－4：00pm, 30th March－2nd November.‎ Admission_Charges ‎　　　　　Hall & Gardens　　　　Gardens Adults：　　　￡12.00 ￡8.00‎ Groups：　　　￡9.00 ￡5.50‎ Special Events Producers’_Market　13th April Join us to taste a variety of fresh local food and drinks. Meet the producers and get some excellent recipe ideas.‎ Holker_Garden_Festival　30th May The event celebrates its 22nd anniversary with a great show of the very best of gardening, making it one ‎ 一看“主标题”断文章体裁 由主标题Welcome to Holker Hall & Gardens可推断该文章为一则旅游促销广告。‎ 二找“副标题”知篇章构成 由文中2个副标题可知，本文由两部分构成——与游客相关的信息和特别活动内容。‎ 三研“小标题”析具体细节 游客相关信息中含有3个小标题，分别介绍了到达方式、展览开放时间及相关收费情况。‎ 特别活动中含有4个小标题，分别介绍了在四个不同时间的活动。‎ 四略细枝末节，省读文时间 由以上3类标题可知文章的基本信息，为下面查找题干关键词奠定了基础；至于文章中细枝末节可略读或不读，以节省考场宝贵时间。‎ 五寻题干关键词，比对得出答案 小标题⑦ ◄‎ of the most popular events in gardening.‎ National_Garden_Day　28th August Holker once again opens its gardens in aid of the disadvantaged. For just a small donation you can take a tour with our garden guide.‎ Winter__Market　8th November This is an event for all the family. Wander among a variety of shops selling gifts while enjoying a live music show and nice street entertainment.‎ 由以上步骤可轻易判断题干中的关键词及其在文中的出处；两者比照、核对可轻易得出答案。‎ ‎ [定区间•细比对]‎ ‎21.How long does it probably take a tourist to to Holker from ？‎ A.20 minutes.　　　　　　 　B．25 minutes. ‎ C.45 minutes. D．90 minutes.‎ ‎21.由题干中的“a tourist to drive to”可首先定位到小标题①，再根据解题关键词“drive”及“Manchester”可定位到“By Car”所在段落，比对该段中的内容与选项即可得出答案。‎ ‎22.How much should a member of a tour pay to visit ？‎ A.￡12.00.　 　B．￡9.00. ‎ C.￡8.00. D．￡5.50.‎ ‎22.题干中的“pay”表明这是询问收费情况，可定位区间到小标题③，再由题干中的“group”及“Hall & Gardens”可锁定其下的数字，比对可得出答案。‎ ‎23.Which event will you go to if you want to see ？‎ A.Producers’ Market. 　B．Holker Garden Festival. ‎ C.National Garden Day. D．Winter Market.‎ ‎23.由题干中的“event”可首先定位到副标题②，由解题关键词“a live music show”定位到文章最后一段，再比对所在小标题，即可得出答案。‎ ‎[答案]　21.D　22.B　23.D ‎[课下语篇提能练]　　　 ‎ Ⅰ.阅读理解 A The following is a list of the famous American reality shows of all time.Which one is your personal favourite? ‎ Little Big Shots This reality show follows a kids’ talent show format (模式), featuring wonder kids from all over the country.Aside from showing their musical, stage acting, and dancing skills, the kids also go through a rather interesting interview with the host Harvey.The contestants are judged according to their overall stage impact and popularity.‎ Jersey Shore Although this reality show ended in 2012, its popularity is yet to decrease.The show concentrates on the adventures of eight housemates who lived in the Jersey Shore.Their adventures took them in different places outside New Jersey, such as Miami Beach and Italy.Maybe the popularity of this show is partly due to the arguments surrounding it.This reality show series has been shown to a lot of countries worldwide.‎ Survivor This reality show follows a competition format where a group of contestants were placed in a faraway location, usually an island.They were given challenges, in addition to looking after themselves.They have to complete all challenges, on top of finding food, water, fire, and shelter to go through each day.Rewards come after winning challenges.The only survivor of the competition brings home all the prizes.‎ The Voice The Voice is a singing competition reality show.Originating from Holland, its format is a bit different from other shows of its type.Contestants were asked to sing with the judges facing away from them.The judges can hear them but can’t see them.This is how the judges choose their artists.Chosen artists will go to the next stages of the show, where they are competing against other contestants.Only one artist will be the winner.‎ 语篇解读：本文是一篇应用文。文章介绍了美国四个非常有名的真人秀节目，它们分别是《小小达人秀》、《泽西海岸》、《幸存者》和《美国之声》。‎ ‎1．Which show can help us know more about American kids?‎ A．Little Big Shots.　　　 　B．Jersey Shore.‎ C．Survivor. D．The Voice.‎ 解析：选A　细节理解题。根据第二段对真人秀节目《小小达人秀》的介绍可知，《小小达人秀》节目专门邀请全美国有才艺的小朋友来表演，在表演完之后他们会接受主持人的采访。‎ ‎2．What can we learn about the show Jersey Shore?‎ A．We can watch its next season soon.‎ B．It is the longest American reality show.‎ C．People have different opinions about it.‎ D．It shows people how to survive in the wild.‎ 解析：选C　细节理解题。根据第三段对真人秀节目《泽西海岸》的介绍“Maybe the popularity of this show is partly due to the arguments surrounding it.”可知，围绕着这个真人秀节目有很多争议，说明人们对它有不同的看法。‎ ‎3．What do the shows Survivor and The Voice have in common?‎ A．Different tasks need to be carried out.‎ B．Contestants need to have artistic talent.‎ C．Judges will work together with the contestants.‎ D．A winner will be selected from the contestants.‎ 解析：选D　细节理解题。根据最后两段对真人秀节目《幸存者》和《美国之声》的介绍可知，这两个节目之间的共同之处是最后都要决出一名优胜者。‎ B Kenny Li is waiting patiently at a coach terminus(终点站) in Kowloon on a misty and cold Hong Kong morning.‎ He is planning to have lunch in the city of Zhuhai, which on a normal day would take him about four hours to reach by road. But today the journey will take just over 30 minutes, because today ‎ is not a normal day.‎ Kenny is one of scores of passengers — including the correspondent (记者) — who are queuing for a seat on one of the first crossborder coaches to travel over the newlyopened Hong KongZhuhaiMacao Bridge.‎ The ＄ 20bn, 55km bridge and 6.7km undersea tunnel link Hong Kong’s Lantau island to Zhuhai on the southern coast of Guangdong Province and Macao. The mega structure is supported by three cablestayed bridges and designed to withstand typhoonforce winds. ‎ It took more than eight years to build and, according to ambitious plans hatched (策划) in Beijing, will help form a hightech and economic region, namely Greater Bay Area, to rival New York, San Francisco and Tokyo bay areas.‎ But those lofty aims feel fairly irrelevant to the band of eager passengers who have assembled at the Kowloon coach terminus on Wednesday morning. This group wants something different from the HZMB, as it has become known. For just HK DS| 120 for a single trip ticket, we can be part of history.‎ ‎“I was the first person to get the ticket three days ago，” says Li, as he waits patiently for the coach to arrive.‎ Other passengers are similarly excited. YW Cheung and his wife bought the tickets on Sunday as soon as he heard about the news about coach companies running the bridge service.‎ ‎“I want to take the first coach to cross the bridge，” he said. “We will meet friends in Zhuhai and eat out with them, and then we will go to Macao.”‎ 语篇解读：港珠澳大桥是中国境内一座连接香港、珠海和澳门的桥隧工程。2018年10月24日大桥正式通车。本文主要报道了港珠澳大桥通车时人们期待乘坐长途公共汽车来往于三地的情景。‎ ‎4．Why is today different for Kenny Li?‎ A．Because it is a misty and cold day in the morning.‎ B．Because he has to wait patiently at a coach terminus.‎ C．Because the time to Zhuhai will be saved more.‎ D．Because he can have lunch in Zhuhai by road.‎ 解析：选C　推理判断题。根据第二段可推知，对Kenny Li来说，今天之所以特殊是因为他可以乘坐贯穿港珠澳大桥的公共长途汽车，这大大地缩短了到珠海的时间，故选C。‎ ‎5．What is special for Hong KongZhuhaiMacao Bridge?‎ A．It can withstand typhoonforce winds.‎ B．A round trip ticket of the coach by it just costs HK ＄120.‎ C．It is irrelevant to passengers at the Kowloon coach terminus.‎ D．It is part of history, more brilliant than New York.‎ 解析：选A　推理判断题。根据第四段最后一句“The mega structure is supported by three cablestayed bridges and designed to withstand typhoonforce winds.”可推知，港珠澳大桥的特别之处在于其能承受台风，故选A。‎ ‎6．Where does this text probably come from?‎ A．A fashion magazine. B．A history book.‎ C．A tourist brochure. D．A latest newspaper.‎ 解析：选D　文章出处题。根据全文的内容和语言风格可推知，本文是一篇新闻报道，主要报道了港珠澳大桥建成通车时的情形，由此可推知，本文可能出自一份最新的报纸，故选 D。‎ C ‎(2019•潍坊模拟)When the telephone rings late at night, most women guess it must be one of only four or five people calling. A sister? Maybe. An emergency? Possibly. A mother? Probably not at that time of night. Much more probably it is a close female friend calling to tell you that she is heartbroken because she has split_up with her boyfriend again or perhaps simply that a good movie has just started on TV.‎ At a time when families are spread far and wide and marriages often end in divorce, friendships are becoming more and more important. Erika, a 32yearold lawyer, is strengthened by her tenyear friendship with her married friend Jane. “I was very sick one night, so I called Jane at about 3：00 a．m. to talk about it，” she says. “She was very supportive and even came over to take me to the doctor’s.” ‎ As American TV shows like Friends have become more popular, many of us are beginning to see the value of such friendships. TV shows like this tell us that our romantic relationships may not last, but we need to keep in touch with our close friends if we want to survive.‎ With Erika’s family 200 miles away, it is Jane who keeps a spare set of keys to Erika’s apartment and waters her plants whenever she is away. “Having Jane around gives me a certain amount of freedom. It is not the kind of thing that you could ask anyone to do, but she knows I would do the same for her.” Jane, who may move to a different city soon, is worried about leaving such a support system of friends. “My friends have more to do with my life than my parents and, therefore, I don’t have to spend a lot of time explaining things to them. Friends are more up to date with what is happening.”‎ 语篇解读：本文是一篇议论文。以埃里卡与简的友谊和美国电视情景喜剧《老友记》为例，讲述并论证友情十分重要的观点。‎ ‎7．A latenight phone call for most women is probably from ________.‎ A．a relative B．a friend C．a doctor D．a stranger 解析：选B　细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句“Much more probably it is a close female friend ...has just started on TV.”可知，深夜给女性打电话的很可能是一个朋友，故B项正确。‎ ‎8．What does the underlined phrase “split up” in Paragraph 1 mean?‎ A．Shown up. B．Picked up.‎ C．Broken up. D．Taken up.‎ 解析：选C　词义猜测题。根据第一段最后一句画线短语所在句的前半部分“Much more probably it is a close female friend calling to tell you that she is heartbroken”可知，spilt up与break up意思相近，表示“分手”，故C项正确。‎ ‎9．According to the passage, we can learn that Erika ________.‎ A．is Jane’s male friend B．treasures Jane’s friendship C．has been married for 10 years D．lives far away from Jane 解析：选B　推理判断题。根据最后一段的“Having Jane around gives me a certain amount of freedom. It is not the kind of thing that you could ask anyone to do, but she knows I would do the same for her.‎ ‎”可知，埃里卡认为简的存在给了她很大的自由，她会为简做同样的事情；据此可以判断，埃里卡很珍惜和简的友谊，故B项正确。‎ ‎10．Which of the following can be the best title for the text?‎ A．Friendship Counts B．Friendship Demands Freedom C．Friendship Needs Understanding D．Friendship Strengthens Romance 解析：选A　标题归纳题。通读全文可知，本文以埃里卡与简的友谊和美国电视情景喜剧《老友记》为例，讲述并论证友情十分重要的观点，故A项最能体现主题，适合作文章的标题。‎ Ⅱ.阅读七选五 Communication skills：What is active listening?‎ Active listening is a special way of communicating. Its goal is to make it easier for people to clearly express ideas and feelings. It can lead to a better understanding between a speaker and a listener.‎ Active listening can be guided by a third person, such as a therapist (治疗专家)．__1__ Active listening works best when the speaker and the listener sit facing each other. The two people take turns talking. The goal is for the listener to give full attention to the speaker. You should avoid thinking about what to say next or whether what the speaker is saying is right.__2__Try as much as possible to see things from the speaker’s point of view.‎ Once the speaker finishes talking, you should repeat back the main points of what he or she just said.__3__ It gives him or her a chance to clear up any misunderstandings. The speaker can explain his or her ideas until he or she feels fully understood. __4__ From there, the two people switch back and forth (来回地) until they have both fully heard and understood each other.‎ Active listening is very useful for people who live or work together. Family members and coworkers often have bad listening habits. They react to each other based on what they expect the other person to say rather than on what is actually said.__5__‎ A．You do not have to agree on everything.‎ B．Or, it can be done by two people on their own.‎ C．The speaker and the listener then switch roles.‎ D．Instead, focus on understanding what is being said.‎ E．Active listening gives them a way to break this pattern.‎ F．An active listener first listens carefully, without talking.‎ G．Doing that lets the speaker know how well you understood what was said.‎ 语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了沟通技巧的一种——积极倾听。‎ ‎1．选B　B项中的“done by two people on their own”与本空前的“guided by a third person”构成对比关系。‎ ‎2．选D　根据本空前一句“You should avoid thinking about what to say next or whether what the speaker is saying is right.”可知，D项“相反，你要将注意力集中在对方说了什么上面”符合语境。‎ ‎3．选G　G项中的that指代本空前一句中的“repeat back the main points of what he or she just said”。本空后一句中的It指代G项内容“这样做能使说话者了解到你对其所说内容明白了多少”。‎ ‎4．选C　根据本空后一句“From there, the two people switch back and forth (来回地) until they have both fully heard and understood each other.”可知，C 项“然后，说话者与聆听者角色互换”符合语境。两者语意上为承接关系。‎ ‎5．选E　E项中的this pattern指代本空前一句“They react to each other based on what they expect the other person to say rather than on what is actually said。‎