2020届高三英语二轮专题复习学案：写作中的高级表达妙记8言简意明的非谓语动词和withwithout复合结构

2020届高三英语二轮专题复习学案：写作中的高级表达妙记8言简意明的非谓语动词和withwithout复合结构

妙记8 言简意明的非谓语动词和with/without复合结构 众所周知，作文中出现过多的简单句会让人觉得单调乏味，句子与句子之间的关系显得松散；而文章中过多地出现复合句又显得累赘，读起来费劲。而恰当地运用非谓语动词对简单句和复合句进行转换，不仅显得句式多样，句子活泼，而且读起来结构紧凑，言简意明。‎ 一、运用非谓语动词转换简单句 写作时，我们可以利用非谓语动词对两个简单句进行转换，使其成为较高级的表达方式。‎ ‎①I want to improve myself by reading some books.The books were written in the Tang Dynasty.‎ ‎→I want to improve myself by reading some books written in the Tang Dynasty.‎ 我想通过读一些书来提高自己，这些书是在唐朝时期写的。‎ ‎②Mount Tai stands in Shandong Province.It has long been a popular tourist attraction, with many Chinese legendary stories attached to it.‎ ‎→Standing in Shandong Province, Mount Tai has long been a popular tourist attraction, with many Chinese legendary stories attached to it.(2017·北京高考书面表达)‎ 泰山位于山东省。它一直是一个受欢迎的旅游景点，有许多中国传奇故事。‎ ‎[即时演练]　用非谓语动词进行句型转换 ‎1．All the people here like the novel. It is written by Tom.‎ ‎→All_the_people_here_like_the_novel_written_by_Tom. (用过去分词作定语)‎ ‎2．The boy came to school late again. This made the teacher very angry.‎ ‎→The_boy's_coming_to_school_late_again_made_the_teacher_very_angry.(用动名词作主语)‎ ‎3．The students were making the most of time. They wanted to finish the homework earlier.‎ ‎→The_students_were_making_the_most_of_time_so_as_to_finish_the_homework_earlier.(用动词不定式作目的状语)‎ 二、运用非谓语动词转换复合句 用非谓语动词转换复合句比转换简单句要容易一些，因为需转换的一般是从句部分，这时只需要判断用何种非谓语动词，再把握好时态和语态即可。‎ ‎①I have been taking exercise and reading books as well as online materials about Tianjin so that I will be both physically and mentally qualified for this job.‎ ‎→In order to be both physically and mentally qualified for this job, I have been taking exercise and reading books as well as online materials about Tianjin.(2017·天津高考书面表达)‎ 我一直在锻炼，阅读书籍和有关天津的网上资料，这样我在身体上和精神上都能胜任这项工作。‎ ‎②Because I thought that his solution might be wrong, I carefully analyzed the problem and ‎ tried to work it out in a different way.‎ ‎→Thinking that his solution might be wrong, I carefully analyzed the problem and tried to work it out in a different way.(2015·湖北高考短文写作) ‎ 因为我认为他的解决办法可能是错误的，我仔细分析了这个问题，并试图用另一种方法来解决它。‎ ‎[即时演练]　用非谓语动词进行句型转换 ‎1．(2015·广东高考满分作文)If it is carried out continuously, it will benefit all of us greatly and we are sure to make obvious progress.‎ ‎→Carried_out_continuously,_it_will_benefit_all_of_us_greatly_and_we_are_sure_to_make_obvious_progress.‎ ‎2．(2014·山东高考写作)When we are faced with difficulties, we need friends to give us comfort and help.‎ ‎→Faced_with_difficulties,_we_need_friends_to_give_us_comfort_and_help.‎ ‎3．(2014·浙江高考书面表达)When I know that our library is going to buy some books, I'd like to give some suggestions.‎ ‎→Knowing_that_our_library_is_going_to_buy_some_books,_I'd_like_to_give_some_suggestions.‎ ‎4．(2013·湖南高考满分作文)After we had practiced playing basketball for almost two months, we strongly desired to be the winner.‎ ‎→Having practiced playing basketball for almost two months, we strongly desired to be the winner.‎ 三、非谓语动词的常用句型 ‎1．remain to be done “有待于被……”‎ Many questions have to be settled and much remains to be done in our educational work.‎ 我们的教育工作中还有许多问题要解决，还有许多事情要去做。‎ ‎2．疑问词＋to do To all of you, fresh students, how to adapt yourself to the new environment is the first thing that you have to face.(2014·江西高考满分作文)‎ 对你们所有新同学来说，如何使自己适应新的环境是必须要面对的首要问题。‎ ‎3．连词when/while/once/unless/although ...＋doing/done We'll take the books when participating in the Summer Camp this July to your school.(2015·天津高考书面表达)‎ 我们将于今年7月赴你们学校参加夏令营时带去(赠)书。‎ ‎4．easy/difficult/hard ...to do ...‎ Some bad habits such as smoking and drinking aren't easy to get rid of.‎ 像吸烟、酗酒等一些坏习惯不容易改掉。‎ ‎5．prefer to do ... rather than do .../would rather do ... than do .../would do ... rather than do ... “宁愿做……，而不愿做……”‎ Nowadays some teenagers prefer to chat with strangers online rather than talk with their parents face to face.‎ 如今，一些青少年宁愿在网上与陌生人闲谈也不愿与父母面对面交谈。‎ ‎6．having done ...“已经……”‎ Having spent nearly all our money, we couldn't afford to stay at a hotel.(2014·江西高考单选)‎ 我们几乎把所有的钱都花光了，没有钱住宾馆了。‎ ‎7．by doing ... “通过做……”‎ Under the environment of fierce competition, the only way he could imagine to handle stress was to get tougher by making greater efforts.‎ 在竞争激烈的环境下，他唯一能想到的应对压力的方式就是通过更加努力使自己变得更坚强。‎ ‎8．only to do sth. (表示出乎意料的结果)“不料，竟然……”‎ What's worse, I found myself having a fever this morning and I went to the clinic for immediate treatment, only to be advised to stay in bed for three days.‎ 更糟糕的是，今天早晨我发现自己发烧，立刻去诊所治疗，不料被建议卧床休息三天。‎ ‎9．judging by/from ... “根据……判断”‎ Judging from the expression on her face, she must have news of great excitement to tell us.‎ 从她脸上的神情看，她一定有非常令人兴奋的消息要告诉我们。‎ ‎10．compared with/to ... “与……比较”‎ Compared to the traditional shoes, they have three new unique functions.(2014·湖南高考满分作文)‎ 与传统的鞋子相比，它们有三个新的独特功能。‎ ‎11．be said/reported/considered ...to do ... “据说/报道/认为……”‎ The boy is said to have learned 2,000 words by heart so far.　‎ 据说那个男孩到目前为止已背了2 000个单词。‎ ‎[即时演练]　用非谓语动词补全句子 ‎1．(2016·天津高考书面表达)回顾过去的两周，我们忍不住想起了我们在课堂上进行的那些激烈的讨论。‎ Looking_back_on_the_past_two_weeks,_we can't help thinking of the heated discussions we had in class.‎ ‎2．已经排队等了半个小时，这个老人突然想起他把飞机票落在车里了。‎ Having_waited in the queue for half an hour, the old man suddenly realized he had left the plane ticket in the car.‎ ‎3．当参加重要的考试时，对一个学生来说，保持一个好的心态是很重要的。‎ It's very important for a student to keep up a good state of mind while_taking_important_‎ exams.‎ 四、用“with/without复合结构”简化句子 写作时，我们可以利用with/without复合结构让句子结构紧凑，言简意明。‎ ‎①As the Earth Day was approaching, a lot of posters were put up around our school to call on us to join in the actions for a greener earth.‎ ‎→With the Earth Day approaching, a lot of posters were put up around our school to call on us to join in the actions for a greener earth.(2016·北京高考书面表达 )‎ 随着“地球日”的临近，我们学校里张贴了许多海报，号召我们为绿色地球采取行动。‎ ‎②In the picture, a boy in worn clothes sits beside a wooden table and there are a pile of bamboo books on it.‎ ‎→In the picture, a boy in worn clothes sits beside a wooden table with a pile of bamboo books on it.(2015·福建高考满分作文)‎ 在画中，一个穿着破旧衣服的男孩坐在木桌旁边，桌上有一堆竹简。‎ 此结构由“介词with或without＋复合结构”构成，复合结构作介词with或without的复合宾语，复合宾语中第一部分宾语由名词或代词充当，第二部分宾语补足语由形容词、副词、介词短语、动词不定式或分词充当，分词可以是现在分词，也可以是过去分词。‎ with结构构成方式如下：‎ She came into the room, with her nose red because of cold.(with＋名词＋形容词)‎ 她走进房间，因为天气冷鼻子通红。‎ With the meal over, we all went home.(with＋名词＋副词)‎ 吃完饭后，我们都回家了。‎ The master was walking up and down with the ruler under his arm.(with＋名词＋介词短语)‎ 胳膊下夹着一根尺子，大师走来走去。‎ He could not finish the work without me to help him.(without＋代词＋不定式)‎ 没有我帮他，他不能完成这项工作。‎ She fell asleep with the light burning.(with＋名词＋现在分词)‎ 灯亮着她睡着了。‎ Without anything left in the cupboard, she went out to get something to eat.(without＋‎ 代词＋过去分词)‎ 橱柜里没有任何东西，她出去找东西吃。‎ ‎[即时演练]　用with复合结构补全句子 ‎1．(2016·北京高考书面表达)做完所有的工作后，我们去了附近的社区，把它们给了住在那里的人们。‎ With_all_the_work_done,_we went to the nearby neighbourhood and gave them to the people living there.‎ ‎2．(2016·江苏高考书面表达)有更多的人参加投票，结果会更客观可靠。‎ With_more_people_taking_part_in_the_voting,_the result will be more objective and reliable.‎ ‎3．士兵让他背朝着他父亲站在那儿。‎ The soldier had him stand with_his_back_to_his_father.‎ ‎4．他低着头站在老师面前。‎ He stood before his teacher with_his_head_down.‎ ‎5．有这么多人帮忙，我们一定能按时完成。‎ With_so_many_people_to_help_us,_we are sure to finish it in time.‎