2019届二轮复习语法专题定语从句1课件（49张）

2019届二轮复习语法专题定语从句1课件（49张）

2019 届二轮复习语法专题 定语从句 什么是定语从句？ 修饰某一名词或代词的 句子 叫定语从句。 Mary is a girl who has long hair . This is the classroom where we study . 2/16/2021 修饰 girl 修饰 classroom 讨论：从句特征是什么？ 定语从句的特征 有引导词。 放在所修饰的名词或代词之后。 2/16/2021 Mary is a girl who has long hair . 2/16/2021 先行词 关系词 引导定语从句的词叫做关系词；关系词又分为 关系代词和关系副词。 被定语从句修饰的名词或是代词叫先行词。 相关概念 This is the classroom where we study . 2/16/2021 先行词 关系副词 Mr. Liu is  the person   whom   you talked about  on the bus. 先行词 关系代词 练习 ( 分组讨论： 2min ） 括出以下句子中的定语从句，划出先行词和关系词。 1. She is a new student who doesn't speak English well. 2. The Tiananmen Square, which I visited last week, is the largest square in Beijing. 3. This is the composition that I think is perfect. 4. The new student is from Tibet, which I really want to have a visit to. 5. Her parents wouldn't let her marry this man who is not honest. 6. I will remember the days when I stayed with my parents in Sanya. 2/16/2021 Mary is a girl who has long hair . 2/16/2021 关系代词 关系词的作用： 引导定语从句； 代替先行词； 在定语从句中担当一个成分。 关系词的作用 关系词的作用 This is the classroom where we study . 2/16/2021 关系副词 关系词的作用： 引导定语从句； 代替先行词 the classroom ； 在定语从句中担当一个成分。 如何把简单句改写成定语从句？ The boys are from Class One. They are playing football. 写法： 找出两句简单句的共有成分； 将主要信息句保留，另一句中共有成分去掉； 用关系词引导剩下从句并紧跟在被修饰词之后。 The boys who are from Class One are playing football. The boys who are playing football are from Class One. 2/16/2021 小组讨论：如何理解关系词代替先行词？ 关系词做何成分？ 关系代词 The boys who are from Class One are playing football. The boys who are playing football are from Class One. The girl who you talked with just now is my best friend. 2/16/2021 who = the boy 指代人； 关系代词 who 在定语从句中做主语。 who = the girl 指代人； 关系代词 who 在定语从句中宾语。 小组讨论（ 3min ） 分析以下关系词指代人或物，在定语从句中作何成分。 Mr. Liu is the person whom you talked about on the bus. Li Ming is just the boy whom I want to see.   Football is a game which is liked by most boys.  This is the pen which he bought yesterday.    The person that you introduced to me is very kind.    The season that comes after spring is summer.    Yesterday I received a letter that came from Australia.   2/16/2021 关系代词 指人或物 在定从中作何成分 who whom which that 2/16/2021 关系代词 指人或物 在定从中作何成分 who whom which that 小组竞赛 I visited a scientist  whose name is known all over the country .  He has a friend  whose father is a doctor .   The classroom  whose door is broken  will soon be repaired.Do you like the book  whose cover is yellow ? 2/16/2021 whose = a scientist’s 指代人； 关系代词 whose 在定语从句表示“谁的”做定语。 whose = the classroom’s 指代物； 关系代词 whose 在定语从句表示“谁的”做定语。 指物时 whose + 名词 = the 名词 of which 练习 Those want to visit the museum must be at the school gate at 7 tomorrow morning. Yesterday, I helped an old man had lost his way. Mr. Liu is the person you talked about on the bus. The factory makes computers is far away from here. The girl student card has been lost feels very anxious. 2/16/2021 who who who/ whom which/ that whose 介词 + 关系代词 2/16/2021 关系代词在定语从句中 作介词宾语 时，从句常常由 “介词 + 关系代词” 引出。 The school (which / that) he once studied in is very famous. The school in which he once studied is very famous. Tomorrow I’ll bring here the magazine (which / that) you asked for . Tomorrow I’ll bring here the magazine for which you asked . 介词 + 关系代词 2/16/2021 若介词放在关系代词前，关系代词指人时只可用 whom ，不可用 who, that ；关系代词指物时只可用 which ，不可用 that 。 This is the boy (whom / who / that) I played tennis with yesterday . This is the boy with whom I played tennis yesterday . 介词 + 关系代词 2/16/2021 “ 介词 + 关系代词”前还可有 some, any, none, all, both, neither, many, most, each , few 等代词或者数词。 He loves his parents deeply, both of whom are very kind to him . In the basket there are quite many apples, some of which have gone bad . There are forty students in our class in all, most of whom are from big cities . 关系副词 指代 所充当的句子成分 when where why time place reason 时间状语 地点状语 原因状语 关系副词 I won’t forget the time when I got married. Have you still remember ed the days when we stayed together? 当先行词为时间，如： time, day, night 时，关系副词用 when, 在句中做时间状语。 when where This is the village where I stayed last year. I recently went back to the town where I was born. I would like to live in a country where there is plenty of sunshine. where 指地点，在从句中做地点状语，先行词多为 place ， city ， country ， town 等。 where 先行词也可为抽象的地点名词：如： point, job, letter, situation 等。 He wants to find this kind of job where he can make full use of his ability. why Please tell me the reason why you missed the plane. T h e reason why he was punished is unknown to us. why 指原因，先行词 只能 是 reason, 在句中做原因状语 。 when 在定语从句中作时间状语，相当 于 “ 介词 + 关系代词（ which ） ” 。 I’ll never forget the day when I joined the league. on which where 在定语从句中作地点状语，相当于 “ 介词 + 关系代词（ which ） ” 。 This is the house where I lived two years ago. in which why 在定语从句中作原因状语，相当于 “ 介词 for+ 关系代词（ which ） ” 。 Do you know the reason why she was late. for which 1. I’ll never forget the days _____________ we worked together. 2. I’ll never forget the days ______ we spent together. 3. I went to the place ______________ I worked ten years ago. 4. I went to the place _______ I visited ten years ago. when /in which which where/ in which 几种易混的情况 which 5. This is the reason _____________ he was late. 6. This is the reason __________ he gave . why/ for which that/which She has two brothers who are working in the city. 她有两个在这个城市工作的弟弟。 ( She has more than two brothers.) b) She has two brothers, who are working in the city. 她有两个弟弟 , 他们在这个城市工作。 ( She has only two brothers.) 品味一“翻” 非限制性定语从句 构成： + , + 关系词 先行词 She has two brothers , ( who are working in the city). + 其他部分 限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句 限制性定语从句是 先行词在意义上不可缺少 的定语 , 如果去掉 , 主句的意思就不完整或 失去意义。这种从句和主句的关系十分密切， 写时不用逗号分开。 限制性定语从句中作宾语 的关系代词常可省略。 如 : Toronto is a city (that) I' ve always wanted to visit . 多伦多是我常想去参观的一个城市。 2. 非限制性定语从句和主句关系不十分密切 , 只是 对先行词作些附加的说明 , 如果去掉 , 主句 的意思仍然清楚。这种从句和主句之间往往用 逗号分开 , 不用 that 引导。非限制性定语从句中 , 关系词不可省略 。如： Rome, which is the capital of Italy, has a very long history. 意大利的首都罗马历史非常悠久。 b) Yesterday I met Professor King, who came from the University of London. 昨天我遇见金教授 , 他从伦敦大学来的。 非限制性定语从句中关系词的指代关系 指人 指物 在定语从句中的作用 Who Whom Which whose √ √ 主语 主语 宾语 定语 √ √ √ 宾语 指代整个主句 关系副词 (where, when) 的指代关系 指地点 指时间 在定语从句中的作用 Where When √ √ 时间状语 地点状语 that, why 不能在非限制性定语从句中使用。 tip 介词 +which 3. 大多数限制性和非限制性定语从句的先行词 往往为某一个词或短语 , 而有时非限制性 定语从句的先行词也可为整个主句 , 此时非 限制性定语从句常由 which 引导。 eg. A five-year-old boy can speak two foreign languages, which surprises all the people present. 一个五岁的男孩会讲两门外语 , 令所有在场 的人感到非常惊讶。 关系代词 as 的用法 一、 as 引导限制性定语从句 主句中 the same, as, such, so 修饰先行词， as 做关系代词在定语从句中做 主语 或 宾语 。 有“ 如，似，正像 ”的含义 主要结构有： the same…as; such…as; Don’t trust such men as praise you to your face. ( 指人，作主语 ） We have arrived at the same conclusion as they have. （ 指物，作宾语 ） This is the same pen ______I lost yesterday. A. as B. that C.the one D. A&B D 比较： . ..the same pen as I lost. ... the same pen that I lost. 很像，不一定就是 就是我不见的那支笔 ☆ the same … as 表示 同一类 人或物； the same … that 指 同一个 人或物 二、引导非限制性定语从句 ⑴ as 引导非限制性定语从句， 指代整个主句内容 ， 从句 可置于句首 ， 句中 或 句尾 As everyone knows ,China is a beautiful country with a long history . The earth , as we know , moves round the sun . Tom works hard and is willing to help others, as we all know. ⑵ 非限制性定语从句中的谓语为被动式时， 常用 as 做 主语 be said /known/announced /reported/mentioned /expected/discussed Grammar , as has been said before, is not a set of dead rules. As is known to all , Taiwan is part of China . 注意 ： which 引导的非限制性定语从句只能放在主句之后。 Tom suddenly fell ill, which made us sad.   定语从句其他要点 1). This is the best film that I have ever read. 2).This is the first time that I have been in such a big dancing hall. 3).He is the only man that I want to see. 1 、独一无二 先行词被 the only, the very 修饰时 先行词被 形容词最高级 修饰时 先行词被 序数词 修饰时 一、只用 that 的情况 2 、不定代词 先行词 为 all, everything, nobody, little, much 等 不定代词 时 先行词 被 all, any, every, each, much, little, no, some, few 等 修饰 时 只用 that 的情况 4). All the books that you offered has been given out. 5). He told me everything that he knows. 6).  There is little that I can do for you. 句中已经有 who 或 which 时，为了避免重复时 3 、避免重复 只用 that 的情况 7). We talked about the persons and things that we remembered. 8). Which is the T-shirt that fits me most? 9). We talked about the persons and things that we remembered . 4 、人物兼指 先行词即有 人 又有 物 时 1. Can you remember the scientist and his theory ______ we have learned? 2. This is the very dictionary ______ I want to buy. 5. The first place ______ they visited in London was the Big Ben. 4. Which is the T-shirt ______ fits me most? 3. There seems to be nothing ______ seems impossible for him in the world. Exercises: 在所给空格处填写适当的关系词： 二、只用 which 的情况 (1 ) 在非限制性定语从句中。 (2) 在关系词前有介词时。备注：介词后也只能用 whom 不用 who 1. I borrowed the book Sherlock Holmes from the library last week ， ______my classmates recommended to me. A. which B. that 2. Luckily, we’d bought a road map, without_________ we would have lost our way.  A. that                               B. which 以 the way 为先行词的限制性定语从句通常由 in which 或 that 引导，而且通常可以省略。 例： The way (that / in which ) he answered the questions was surprising.       I don’t like the way (that / in which) you laugh at her.   三、 the way 作为先行词 总结 定语从句做题技巧： 确定从句并用括号括出； 看先行词是人是物； 确定先行词在定语从句中做的成分（主 / 宾 / 定 / 状） 确定关系词。 2/16/2021 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Final winner ! 1 ：运气先攒着 2 ： +2 分 3 ： +5 分 4 ： +1 分 5 ： +9 分 6 ：要加油哦！ 7 ： +2 分 8 ：祝你好运！ 谢谢