【英语】2018届二轮复习短文语法填空典题10篇解题练与析之一（含有解析）学案（10页word版）

【英语】2018届二轮复习短文语法填空典题10篇解题练与析之一（含有解析）学案（10页word版）

‎2018届二轮复习 短文语法填空典题10篇解题练与析之一 解题指导：‎ 语法填空题的考查形式为：在一篇200词左右的语篇（短文或对话）中留出10处空白，部分空白的后面给出单词的基本形式，要求考生根据上下文填写空白处所需的内容或所提供单词的正确形式，所填写词语不得多于3个单词。考生须灵活运用语法知识，如单词词性、单词时态、名词单复数、连接词、代词、冠词等判断各空白处应填写的内容。具体考查形式有以下几种：‎ 一、给出动词基本形态，填写词性词形转化(转为名词、形容词)，或填写谓语部分，可能需要填写两个或三个词，或是填写非谓语动词；‎ 二、给出形容词，需要填写比较级、最高级，或词性词形转化，转化为副词，或是填写反义词(前缀)；‎ 三、给出副词，填写比较级、最高级，或是填写反义词；‎ 四、不给提示词，主要填写介词、连词、冠词和代词。‎ 有提示词：考查谓语动词，非谓语动词，形容词，副词 词类转换题要先确定所要填的单词在句中的成分。‎ 技巧1：作表语、定语或补语，通常用形容词形式。‎ 技巧2：作主语，或在及物动词或介词后作宾语，用名词形式。‎ 技巧3：修饰动词、形容词、副词，或整个句子，作状语，用副词形式。‎ 技巧4：括号中所给词为动词时，也不一定是考动词的时态语态或非谓语动词， 有可能考词类转换；若是形容词或副词，有可能考查其比较级或最高级。‎ 技巧5：词义转换题。词类不一定要变，主要是考查具有与词根意义相反的派生词，需根据句子意思及前后逻辑关系，在词根前加un-, im-，il-, ir-，in-, non-, dis-等，在词根后加-less等。 ‎ 语法填空要求考生阅读一篇短文，然后按照句子结构的语法性和上下文连贯的要求完成10道语法填空题。做题要求：一是在空格处填入适当的词；二是使用括号中词语的正确形式填空。纯空格题一般要填冠词、介词、连词、代词等，如果是物主代词，则空后需跟名词，比 词类转换题要先确定所要填的单词在句中的成分。‎ 技巧1：作表语、定语或补语，通常用形容词形式。‎ 技巧2：作主语，或在及物动词或介词后作宾语，用名词形式。‎ 技巧3：修饰动词、形容词、副词，或整个句子，作状语，用副词形式。[来源:学科网]‎ 技巧4：括号中所给词为动词时，也不一定是考动词的时态语态或非谓语动词， 有可能考词类转换；若是形容词或副词，有可能考查其比较级或最高级。‎ 技巧5：词义转换题。词类不一定要变，主要是考查具有与词根意义相反的派生词，需根据句子意思及前后逻辑关系，在词根前加un-, im-，il-, ir-，in-, non-, dis-等，在词根后加-less等。‎ 典题例析 ‎【一】‎ ‎ Visitors to Britain may find the best place to enjoy local culture is in a traditional pub. A team of___41___ (research) have discovered some of the unknown culture of British pubs---starting with the difficulty of ___42___(get)a drink. His may sound in convenient, but there is____43____hidden meaning.‎ ‎ Pub culture___44___(form) to improve sociability in a society that is known for its coldness. Standing at the bar for service ___45__(allow) you to chat with others who are waiting to be served. The bar counter is___46___(possible) the only place in Britain where a ___47___ (friend) talk with strangers is considered to be entirely proper and really quite normal behavior. ___48___, if you do not follow the local rules, the experience may fall flat. For example, if you are in a big group,___49___is best for one or two people to go to buy the drinks. Nothing makes the regular customers and bar staff angry ___50___(much) than a group of strangers blocking all passages to the bar while they chat and hesitate about what to order.[来源:学科网ZXXK]‎ ‎【答案与难点解析】41. researchers 42. getting 43. a 44. formed 45. allows 46. possibly 47. friendly 48. However 49. it 50. More ‎ ‎41. 此处做主语，a team of 一对… 可知此处指人，所以用热researchers。‎ ‎42. 此处of 为介词，所以要用getting。‎ ‎43. 此处 meaning可数，所以前面缺冠词，不是特指所以用a。‎ ‎44. 此句中缺谓语，应考虑时态语态主谓一致。根据上下文语境，时态是一般现在时，酒吧文化是被形成故用被动语态，be动词用is 即可，所以答案为is formed。‎ ‎45. 此句中缺谓语，应考虑时态语态主谓一致。根据上下文语境，时态是一般现在时，语态应为主动， Standing at the bar for service 做主语谓语动词用第三人称单数。所以答案为allows。‎ ‎46. 此处应该用副词作状语。表示很有可能是。‎ ‎【二】‎ The Great Wall of China is more than 6，000 kilometres long. It winds 1.________ (it) way from west to east, across deserts, over mountains, through valleys 2.________ at last it reaches the sea. The Great Wall has a history of over twenty centuries. The first part of it 3.________(build)during the Spring and Autumn period. During the Qin Dynasty, 4.________ (keep) the enemy out of his empire, Emperor Qin Shi Huang had all the walls 5.________ (join) up. Thus, the Great Wall came into being. The Great Wall is wide enough at 6.________ top for five horses or ten men to walk side by side. Along the wall are watchtowers, 7.________ soldiers used to keep watch. Fires were lit on the towers as a 8.________ (warn) when the enemy came.‎ It was 9.________ (extreme) difficult to build such a wall in the ancient days without any modern machines. All the work was done 10.________ hand. Thousands of men died and were buried under the wall they built. The Great Wall was made not only of stone and earth, but of the flesh and blood of millions of men.‎ 答案与难点解析：‎ ‎1.its2.till/until/and 3.was built4.to keep5.joined6.the7.where8.warning9.extremely10.by ‎【文章大意】 本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了中国长城的有关情况。‎ ‎1．its　考查代词。形容词性物主代词修饰名词，故填its。‎ ‎2．till/until/and　考查连词。此处表示并列或者是“直到最后到达海边”，故填till/until/and。‎ ‎3．was built　考查动词的时态和语态。句意：它的第一部分是在春秋时期建成的。根据句意可知用一般过去时的被动语态。故填was built。‎ ‎4．to keep　考查非谓语动词。此处是动词不定式作目的状语，故填to keep。‎ ‎5．joined　考查非谓语动词。此处是过去分词作宾语补足语，表示被动关系，故填joined。‎ ‎【三】‎ ‎ As it's easy to cultivate and it contains most of the vitamins necessary for health, potatoes are popular in cultures worldwide. Originating 1.________ South America, potatoes have been part of South American diet for hundreds of years. With multiple potato 2.________ (variety) in the market, they are fried, baked, freezedried to form many beloved dishes. In Ireland, from its introduction in the 16th century, potatoes 3.________ (hold) a central place in the Irish diet and been considered as the primary Irish crop. In the US, potatoes are one of the most 4.________ (wide) consumed crops. French fries are commonly found in typical American fastfood restaurants and cafeterias. French fries were introduced to the US 5.________ Thomas Jefferson served them in the White House during 6.________ presidency from 1801—1809.‎ For many Chinese people, potatoes are considered a vegetable.7.________ in the future, this will no longer be the case.“A programme to add potatoes to China's list of food, joining rice, wheat and corn, will 8.________ (expand) to diversify the Chinese menu and meet increasing food demands，”agricultural experts and authorities with the Ministry of Agriculture said in 9.________ conference on Jan.6.Specifically, potato powder will be mixed into bread and noodle to suit Chinese consumers' taste and 10.________ (eat) habit.‎ 答案与难点解析：1.in/from2.varieties3.have held4.widely5.when6.his7But.8.be expanded9.a10. eating ‎【文章大意】 本文为说明文，主要介绍了土豆在不同国家饮食文化的普及情况，在不久的将来，它还会成为中国家庭餐桌上的主食之一。‎ ‎1．in/from　考查介词。originate in/from是“起源于”的意思。‎ ‎2．varieties　考查名词。此处指土豆的多样性，故用复数形式。‎ ‎3．have held　考查动词的时态。根据上文说自16世纪被引进以来，土豆至今一直都占据着爱尔兰饮食的核心地位，故用现在完成时。‎ ‎4．widely　考查副词。副词修饰consumed，故填widely。‎ ‎5．when　考查连词。该从句和前面主句存在时间上的逻辑关系。‎ ‎6．his　考查代词。该句子的意思是：当Thomas Jefferson 在他1801—1809执政期间。presidency为名词，意为“总统的任期”。‎ ‎7．But　考查连词。该句和上文存在转折关系，故填But。‎ ‎【四】‎ One winter day in 1891, 1.________ class of training school in Massachusetts, USA, went into the gym for their 2.________ (day) exercises. Since the football season had ended, most of the young men felt they were in for a boring time.‎ ‎ But their teacher, James Naismith had other ideas. He had been working for a long time on a new game which would have the 3.________ (excite) of American football. Naismith showed the men a basket he 4.________ (hang) at each end of the gym, and explained that they were going to use a round European football. At first everybody tried to throw the ball 5.________ the basket no matter where he was standing.“Pass! Pass！” Naismith kept shouting, 6.________ (blow) his whistle to stop the excited players.‎ ‎ Slowly, they began to understand 7.________ was wanted of them. The problem with the ‎ new game, which was soon called “basketball”，8.________ (be) getting the ball out of the basket. They used ordinary food baskets with bottoms, and the ball, of course, stayed inside. At first, someone had to climb up every time a basket 9.________ (score)．It was several years before someone came up with the idea of removing the bottom of the basket and letting the ball 10.________ (fall) through. There have been many changes in the rules since then, and basketball has become one of the world's most popular sports.‎ 答案与解析：1.a 2. daily 3.excitement4.had hug 5. into 6.blowing7.what8.was 9.was scored 10.fall ‎【文章大意】 本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了篮球这项运动是如何产生的。‎ ‎1．a　考查冠词。这里指培训学校的一节课。故填a。‎ ‎2. daily　考查形容词。形容词修饰名词，故填daily。‎ ‎3．excitement　考查名词。句意：有美国足球的兴奋。此处用名词形式，故填excitement。‎ ‎4．had hung　考查动词的时态。句意：Naismith向队员们展示了他在体育馆两端挂的篮子。“悬挂”这个动作明显靠前，可知用过去完成时，故填had hung。‎ ‎5．into　考查介词。句意：把球扔进篮子里。throw…into…意为“把……扔进……里”，故填into。‎ ‎6．blowing　考查非谓语动词。blow与主语Naismith为主动关系，所以用现在分词作伴随状语，故填blowing。‎ ‎7．what　考查宾语从句的引导词。understand后面的宾语从句缺少引导词，从句缺少主语，故填what起双重作用。‎ ‎【五】‎ ‎ My English teacher was very tall. The moment she 1.________ (enter) the class, we would ‎ all sit 2.________ (quiet) and open the books. She would encourage me by giving me important assignments and also morning news to read during the assembly. She would come down and listen to my English debate (辩论), 3.________ made me take part in all debate competitions.‎ ‎ 4.________ same was true of my biology and science teacher. She was very nice and sweet. She would always give me extra information on the biology project. I could not go to the lab for experiments, so she would bring the lab down and help me with the biology and science 5.________ (experiment) and would give me excellent marks.‎ ‎ My friends made me monitor and the naughty boys listened to me. My friends used to help me with my notes when I was 6.________ (absence)．My teachers always gave me important project work and I felt proud when they patted me 7.________ the back after I finished it quickly and correctly. I was never shouted at or made fun of or scolded by any of my friends and teachers.‎ ‎ Today I often see the terrible punishments 8.________ (give) to students on TVs.I feel very sad.‎ ‎ I really want to express my love and thanks to all my wonderful teachers and friends. Without them my school life would not 9.________ (be) so excellent and 10.________ (forget)．‎ 答案与难点解析：1.entered 2. quietly 3.which 4. The 5.experiments 6.absent 7. on 8. given 9. have been 10.unforgettable ‎【文章大意】 本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者的老师和朋友们对作者的帮助。‎ ‎1．entered　考查动词的时态。上文是一般过去时，所以这里需用过去式。‎ ‎2．quietly　考查副词。这里应该用副词修饰动词sit，表示安静地坐着，quiet为形容词，此处应用quietly。‎ ‎3．which　考查定语从句。该句是非限制性定语从句，又是指代前面一整句话的，所以只能用关系词which。‎ ‎4．The　考查固定搭配。“The same is true of…”为固定表达。‎ ‎5．experiments　考查名词复数。由上文可知，这里的experiment应该用复数形式。‎ ‎【六】‎ In 1990, over 100 countries signed 1.________ international agreement to make it illegal to buy or sell ivory, which is mainly used for jewellery. Most ivory is made from the tusks (长牙) of African elephants. These tusks are 2.________ (terrible) valuable—one pair is worth more than three times the income of an African farmer or factory worker in a year.‎ Hunting elephants was so profitable 3.________ from 1979 to 1989 the number of elephants in African fell from 1.3 million to 600，000.It was feared that by the year 2000 there would be none 4.________ (leave)．However, thanks to the international agreement, there 5.________ (be) much less illegal hunting since 1990.‎ But considering 6.________ (vary) of aspects, it costs a lot of money to preserve elephants. Game wardens (野生动物保护区看守人) must be hired to protect them; land must be set aside for them, and when they destroy a farmer's crops, the farmer must 7.________ (pay) compensation.[来源:学科网]‎ Zimbabwe and four other African countries say that some of the elephants should be killed legally. This would help keep the population 8.________ (stability), and selling the ivory would help pay for preserving the elephants. But conservationists say that 9.________ (make) ivory legal to sell would lead to even more illegal hunting. Others say 10.________ is wrong is to kill elephants because they are sensitive animals who feel emotional pain at the death of other elephants.‎ 答案与难点解析：1.an 2.terribly 3.that4.left 5. has been 6.varieties7.be paid8. stable9.making 10.what ‎3．that　考查状语从句。句意：猎杀大象是如此有利可图以至于从1979年到1989年非洲大象的数量从130万下降到了60万。此处是so…that…引导结果状语从句，故填that。‎ ‎4．left　考查非谓语动词。句意：人们担心到了2000年，将没有一头大象被剩下。此处是过去分词作后置定语，故填left。‎ ‎5．has been　考查动词的时态。根据since 1990“自从1990年以来”，可知用现在完成时，illegal hunting是句子主语，故填has been。‎ ‎6．varieties　考查固定词组。a variety of / varieties of意为“各种各样的”，根据句意可知填varieties。‎ ‎7．be paid　考查动词的语态。句意：农民一定要被支付赔偿金。根据句意可知用含情态动词的被动语态，故填be paid。‎ ‎8．stable　考查形容词。句意：……帮助保持象群总数稳定。此处是形容词作宾语补足语，故填stable。‎ ‎9．making　考查非谓语动词。此处是动名词作主语，故填making。‎ ‎10．what　考查主语从句。此处是what引导的主语从句，在从句中作主语，故填what。‎ ‎【七】‎ Last October , while tending her garden in Mora , Sweden , Lena Pahlsson pulled out a handful of small 56 (carrot) and was about to throw them away. But something made her look closer , and she noticed a 57 (shine) object. Yes, there beneath the leafy top of one tiny carrot was her long-lost wedding ring.‎ Pahlsson screamed 58 loudly that her daughter came running from the house. “she thought I had hurt 59 (I),”says Pahlsson Sixteen years 60 (early), Pahlsson had removed the diamond ring 61 (cook) a meal. When she wanted to put the ring back on later, it was gone. She suspected that one of her three daughters —then ten, eight, and six— had picked it up, but the girls said they hadn't. Pahlsson and her husband 62 (search) the kitchen, checking every corner, but turned up nothing. “I gave up hope of finding my ring again," she says. She never replaced it. ‎ Pahlsson and her husband now think the ring probably got 63 (sweep) into a pile of kitchen rubbish and was spread over the garden, 64 it remained until the carrot’s leafy top accidentally sprouted (生长) through it. For Pahlsson, its return was 65 wonder.‎ ‎【解析】本文是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了Lena ‎ ‎ Pahlsson在花园里采摘胡萝卜时，找到了丢失已久的结婚戒指的那种失而复得心情。‎ 56. 根据“one tiny carrot was her long-lost wedding ring.”，及“a handful of ”，可知用名词复数，故填carrots。‎ 57. ‎“she noticed a 57 (shine) object”a为冠词，object为名词，横线处应填写形容词。故填shiny或shining。‎ ‎58.根据“Pahlsson screamed 58 loudly that her daughter came running from the house”，so…that,如此…以至于，故填so。‎ ‎59.I had hurt 59 (I)，主语为I,横线处为宾语，替代主语时，应用代词。故填myself。‎ ‎60.says Pahlsson Sixteen years  60  (early)，用形容词比较级修饰Sixteen years，Sixteen years earlier16年前；故填earlier。‎ ‎61.Pahlsson had removed the diamond ring  61  (cook) a meal，一个句子不能出现双重谓语，所以用不定式表目的状语。故填to cook。‎ ‎62.根据“but turned up nothing”，可知句子为过去时，“Pahlsson and her husband  62  (search) the kitchen”故填searched。‎ ‎63.“Pahlsson and her husband now think the ring probably got  63  (sweep) into a pile of kitchen rubbish”，ring与sweep之间是被动关系，故填swept。‎ ‎64.where 65.a ‎【八】‎ She looks like any other schoolgirl, fresh-faced and full of life. Sarah Thomas is looking forward to challenge of her new A-level course .But unlike school friends ,16-year-old Sarah is not spending half-term 61 (real)Instead,she is earning $6500 a day as 62 model in New York. ‎ ‎ Sarah 63 (tell) that she could be Britain’s new supermodel earning a million dollars in the new ‎ year. Her father Peter44,want her to give up school to model full time But Sarah, 64 has taken part in shows along with top models wants 65 (prove) that she has brains as well as beauty she is determined to carry on with her 66 (educate).‎ She has turned down several 67 (invitation) to star at shows in order to concentrate on her studies After school she plans to take a year off to model full time before going to university to get a degree 68 engineering or architecture. ‎ Sarah says, "My dad thinks I should take the offer now. But at the moment, school 69 (come) first. I don't want to get too absorbed in modeling. It is 70 (certain) fun but the lifestyle is a little unreal. I don't want to have nothing else to fall back on when I can't model my more."‎ 答案与解析：61. resting62.a63.was told64.who65.to prove 66.education 67. invitations 68.in69.comes 70.certainly ‎【九】‎ ‎ In 1863the first underground passenger railway in the world opened in London. It ran for just under seven kilometers and allowed people to avoid terrible __61__(crowd) on the roads above as they travelled to and ___62__ word. It took three years to complete and was built using an interesting method. This included digging up the road, ____63___(lay) the track and then building a strong roof over___64___ top. When all those had been done, the road surface was replaced.‎ ‎ Steam engines ___65__(use) to pull the carriages and it must have been___66__(fair)unpleasant for the passengers, with all the smoke and noise. However, the railway quickly proved to be a great success and within six months, more than 25,000 people were using___67__ every day.‎ Later, engineers ____68___(manage) to construct railways in a system of deep tunnels (隧道）, which became known to the tube. This development was only possible with the ___69___ (introduce) of electric-powered engines and lifts. The central London Railway was one of the most ___70___(success) of these new lines, and was opened in 1900. It had white-painted tunnels and bright red carriages, and proved extremely popular with the public。‎ 答案与难点解析：‎ 61. crowds62.from63.laying64.the65.wereused66.fairly67.it68.managed69.introduction70.successful ‎【十】‎ There has been a recent trend in the food service industry toward lower fat content and less salt. This trend, which was started by the medical community（医学界） 61 a method of fighting heart disease, has had some unintended side 62 (effect) such as overweight and heart disease—the very thing the medical community was trying to fight.‎ ‎ Fat and salt are very important parts of a diet. They are required 63 (process) the food that we eat, to recover from injury and for several other bodily functions. When fat and salt 64 (remove) from food, the food tastes as if is missing something. As 65 result, people will eat more food to try to make up for that something missing. Even 66 (bad), the amount of fast food that people eat goes up. Fast food 67 (be) full of fat and salt; by 68 (eat) more fast food people will get more salt and fat than they need in their diet.‎ ‎ Having enough fat and salt in your meals will reduce the urge to snack(吃点心) between meals and will improve the taste of your food. However, be 69 (care) not to go to extremes. Like anything, it is possible to have too much of both, 70 is not good for the health.‎ 答案：61.as 62. effects 63. to process 64. are removed 65. a 66. worse 67. is 68.eating 69.careful 70.which