2020届二轮复习语法专题冠词课件（31张）

2020届二轮复习语法专题冠词课件（31张）

读语篇，悟语法。反复朗读下列短文，领悟画线黑体部分的冠词用法。 Tom ， a [1] classmate of mine, is a [2] Lei Feng in our class, who is always ready to help others. Henry, whose father is a [3] teacher, is considered to be the [4] most diligent student in our class, who is the first one to get to school and the [5] last one to leave every day.He believes the harder you study the [6] more knowledge you ’ ll get. Tom likes watching TV while Henry enjoys listening to the [7] radio. Both of them are working for the [8] Students ’ Union. They are of an [9] age and I am a [10] year older than they are. We are good friends because we have a [11] lot in common. First of all, the three of us were born in the [12] 1990s. Secondly, we all like playing the [13] violin and love sports. We play football twice a [14] week even if we are now in Senior Grade Three.Thirdly , we not only respect teachers and the elderly but also care for the [15] disabled. For example, we often go to a village near our school to look after the [16] Browns, both of whom were lamed in an accident. I remember that on a [17] Saturday afternoon we chatted with the Browns so happily that we didn ’ t go back home until the [18] sun set. 1 ．泛指的一个，用不定冠词。 2 ．表示 “ 像 …… 一样的人 ” ，用不定冠词。 3 ．职业身份前，表示类别，用不定冠词。 4 ．形容词最高级前用定冠词。 5 ．序数词前用定冠词。 6 ．构成句式： the more...the more...( 越 …… 就越 …… ) 。 7 ．表类属。 8 ．普通名词构成的专有名词前用定冠词。 9 ．表示 “ 同一 ” ，用不定冠词。 10 ．表示数量 “ 一 ” ，用不定冠词。 11 ．构成短语 a lot 。 12 ．在逢整数的基数词前表示年代，用定冠词。 13 ．在表示演奏 play 后，西洋乐器名词前，用定冠词。 14 ．表示 “ 每一 ” ，用不定冠词。 15 ．用在形容词或分词前表示一类人，用定冠词。 16 ．用在姓氏复数前表示某夫妇或一家人，用定冠词。 17 ．表示 “ 某一 ” ，用不定冠词。 18 ．在独一无二的事物前，用定冠词。 Ⅰ . 单句填空 ( 用 a ， an 或 the 填空 ) 1 ． I sat next to the man and introduced myself.We had ________ amazing conversation. 2 ． A young man, while traveling through a desert, came across a spring of clear water.________ water was sweet. 3 ． Besides, shopping at this time of the year was not ________ pleasant experience: people stepped on your feet... 4 ． ...the head of the village was tying up his horse to my car to pull it to ________ small town some 20 kilometres away where there was a garage. an The a a 5 ． —It ’ s said that John will be in a job paying over $60, 000 ________ year. —Right, he will also get paid by ________ week. 6 ． Take your time—it ’ s just ________ short distance from here to ________ restaurant. 7 ． First impressions are the most lasting. After all, you never get ________ second chance to make ________ first impression. 8 ． We can never expect ________ bluer sky unless we create ________ less polluted world. 9 ． This area experienced ________ heaviest rainfall in ________ month of May. 10 ． It took us quite a long time to get to the amusement park.It was ________ three-hour journey. a the a the a a a a the the a Ⅱ . 单句改错 ( 下列每句中有一处错误，每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改，请指出并改正。 ) 1 ． In China, more and more children are learning to play piano nowadays._____________ 2 ． There is no doubt that little Tom is a honest boy.____________ 3 ． Out of the curiosity, he opened the novel._________________ 4 ． I didn ’ t have own room till my sister left for college.______________ 5 ． The moment he saw her, he opened arms and hugged her.______________ 在 play 后加 the a → an 去掉 Out of 后的 the 在 own 前加 my 在 arms 前加 his 6 ． A selfie ( 自拍照 )is a type of selfportrait photograph, typically taken with handheld digital camera or camera phone.____________ 7 ． The new boy looked at the teacher for a few seconds and all the other students wondered what a boy would do.______________________ 8 ． 70% of students surveyed hold the view that rules can help the public make the right choices, and remain safe.__________________ 9 ． Can dogs and cats live in perfect harmony in same home ？ _______________ 10 ． Karl Marx began to learn English in the fifties.____________ 在 with 后加 a 第二个 boy 前的 a → the 在 students 前加 the 在 same 前加 the the → his Ⅲ . 语篇填空 ( 在空格处填入 1 个适当的冠词，使文章结构完整，语意通顺。 ) Today our school organized all the students to take part in 1.________ report at the meeting room in our school.Albert ， 2.________ ordinary man, delivered a speech on how to learn English. Albert ， 3.________ professor in Beijing University, graduated from 4.________ English Department of Oxford University in 1985. He said we should form 5.________ habit of previewing English, and this would help us to perform well in class. When we study English in class, we must be earnest and active. If so ， we can absorb 6.________ large amount of knowledge. After class, we should read more English passages, which is important for the English learners. By doing this, we are not only informed what happens in 7.________ world ， but we can also review 8.________ large number of former words. After 9.________ period of time, we should also sort out our notes and go over what we have learned. In 10.________ word, English isn ’ t difficult to learn, as long as we do what he told us. 【语篇导读】　 本文主要是讲同学们通过听 Albert 教授的讲座，学到了一些学习英语的方法。 1 ． a 　 [ 泛指，是指一个报告。 ] 2 ． an 　 [ordinary 是由元音音标开头，故用 an 。 an ordinary man “ 一位普通人 ” 。 ] 3 ． a 　 [ 泛指，这里指 Albert 是北京大学的 “ 一名 ” 教授。 ] 4 ． the 　 [ 由普通名词构成的专有名词前用定冠词。 ] 5 ． the 　 [ 受表示特指的 of 短语修饰， form the habit of 意为 “ 养成 …… 的习惯 ” 。 ] 6 ． a 　 [ 固定搭配 a large amount of 意为 “ 许多 ” ，与不可数名词连用。 ] 7 ． the 　 [ 世界上独一无二的事物要用定冠词。 ] 8 ． a 　 [ 固定搭配 a large number of 意为 “ 许多 ” ，与可数名词复数连用。 ] 9 ． a 　 [a period of 意为 “ 一段时间 ” 。 ] 10 ． a 　 [ 固定搭配 in a word 意为 “ 总之 ” 。 ] 第二课时　高考研究课 冠词在语法填空中的考查点 规律方法 1. 位置因素：名词前，有时在形容词前 ( 表示一类人 ) 。 2 ．设题特点：该考查点常常以自由填空的形式出现。 3 ．语境信息：在确定应该填冠词的前提下，根据语境分析所填冠词的类型。 4 ．牢记固定搭配中的冠词。 1 ． Corn production has jumped nearly 125 percent over ________ past 25 years ， while rice has increased only 7 percent. (2018· 全国卷 Ⅱ ) 2 ． Unexpectedly ， I’m face － to － face with the gorilla ， who begins screaming at ________ top of her lungs. (2018· 全国卷 Ⅲ ) 真题验证 1 答案 the 　 [ 短语 over the past 25 years 意为：在过去 25 年中。 ] 答案 the 　 [ 短语 at the top of one ’ s lungs 意为：高声地。 ] 3 ． This included digging up the road, laying the track and then building a strong roof over ________ top. (2017· 全国卷 Ⅱ ) 4 ． As ________ result, people will eat more food to try to make up for that something missing. (2017· 全国卷 Ⅰ ) 5 ． But unlike her school friends ， 16-year-old Sarah is not spending halfterm resting. Instead ， she is earning ￡ 6 ， 500 a day as ________ model in New York. (2017· 全国卷 Ⅲ ) 答案 the 　 [top 是名词，前面要用冠词，此处特指在挖的路的上面，所以用定冠词 the 。 ] 答案 a 　 [as a result 因此，为固定搭配。 ] 答案 a 　 [ 此处句意为 “ 作为纽约的一名模特 ” ，在单数可数名词 model 前应该使用不定冠词 a ，表示 “ 一，一名 ” 。 ] 6 ． For Pahlsson , its return was ________ wonder. (2017· 浙江卷 ) 7 ． Give your body and brain a rest by stepping outside for ________ while, exercising, or doing something you enjoy. (2016· 全国卷 Ⅱ ) 8 ． The nursery team switches him every few days with his sister so that while one is being bottlefed ， ________ other is with mum—she never suspects. (2016· 全国卷 Ⅰ ) 答案 a 　 [ 此处 wonder 为可数名词，表示 “ 奇迹，奇事 ” ，此处为泛指，故要用不定冠词 a 。 ] 答案 a 　 [ 短语搭配 for a while 意为：一会儿。 ] 答案 the 　 [one...the other... 意为：一个 …… ；另外一个 …… 。 ] 9. ________ prize for the winner of the competition is a twoweek holiday in Paris. (2016· 浙江卷改编 ) 10. Mr. Johnson lived in the woods with his wife and children. He owned ________ farm, which looked almost abandoned.( 广东卷 ) 答案 The 　 [ 名词 prize 后有限制性定语，故应使用 the 表示特指。 ] 答案 a 　 [ 由语境可知此处表示泛指 “ 一座农场 ” 。 ] 冠词在短文改错中的考查点 规律方法 1 ．定位分析：名词前是否应该有冠词 —— ① 填上必要冠词； ② 删掉多余冠词。 2 ．语境分析：名词前冠词是否正确 —— 误用冠词改正。 1 ． During my last winter holiday ， I went to countryside with my father to visit my grandparents. (2018· 全国卷 Ⅰ ) ________ 2 ． As the kid ， I loved to watch cartoons ， but no matter how many times I asked to watch them ， my parents would not let me. (2018· 全国卷 Ⅱ ) ________ 真题验证 2 答案 countryside 前加 the 　 [ 名词 countryside 前加 the ，意为：乡下。 ] 答案 the → a 　 [ 语境意为：作为一个孩子 …… ；此处为泛指 “ 一个 ” ，而不表示特指 “ 这个 ” 。 ] 3 ． I had done myself homework ， but I was shy. (2018· 全国卷 Ⅲ ) ________ 答案 myself → my 或 the 　 [ 名词 homework 前应使用形容词性物主代词，或加定冠词 the 表示特指。 ] 4 ． They live far from the school, and it takes them about a hour and a half to go to work every day. (2017· 全国卷 Ⅱ ) ____________ 5 ． I still remember how hard first day was. (2017· 全国卷 Ⅰ ) ____________ 答案 第 二句 about 后的 a → an /one 　 [hour 以元音音素开头，且是可数名词，所以表示一个小时用 an/one hour 。 ] 答案 hard 后面加 the/my 　 [ 此处特指我学习开车的第一天，所以在 first day 前面加 the/my 。 ] 6 ． Around me in picture are the things which were very important in my life at that time: car magazines and musical instruments. (2017· 全国卷 Ⅲ )____________ 7. My uncle says that he never dreams of becoming rich in the short period of time.(2016· 全国卷 Ⅰ ) ____________ 8 ． But in that case, we will learn little about world. (2016· 全国卷 Ⅱ ) ____________ 答案 在 picture 之前加 the 或 this 　 [ 此处特指作者提到的这张照片，故在名词前加定冠词 the 或指示代词 this 。 ] 答案 the → a 　 [a short period of time 意为：一段短暂的时间；此处使用不定冠词表示泛指。 ] 答案 world 前加 the 　 [world 前面常常加定冠词表示 “ 全世界 ” 。 ] 9. At the first, I thought I knew everything and could make decisions by myself. (2016· 全国卷 Ⅲ )____________ 10 ． One day, little Tony went to a shopping center with his parents... A woman saw him crying and told him to wait outside a shop. ( 全国卷 Ⅱ ) ____________ 答案 去掉 the 　 [ 短语搭配 at first 意为：最初。 ] 答案 outside 后的 a → the 　 [ 此处 shop 为第二次出现，故使用定冠词表示特指。 ] 第三课时　写作增分课 冠词在写作中的增分点 一、遇到名词要考虑前面冠词是特指还是类指 1 ．水对于我们生活很重要，因此我们要尽我们最大的努力来阻止它被污染。 (be important to, do our best, prevent... from, pollute) ______________________________________________________________________ 2 ．我的家乡附近那条河里的水已经被严重污染。我们要求政府尽早采取适当的措施来保护它。 (be polluted seriously, demand, the government, take appropriate measures, as soon as) _____________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ Water is important to our life, so we must do our best to prevent it from being polluted. The water in the river near my hometown has been polluted seriously.We demand the government take appropriate measures to protect it as soon as possible. 3 ．都说老师们过着简朴的生活，但我认为当老师很有意义。 (be said to, live a simple life, be a teacher, meaningful) ______________________________________________________________________ 4 ．计算机在我们生活中扮演着越来越重要的角色。 (computer, play a part/role in) ________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________ 5 ．中午的时候在没有任何保护措施的情况下直视太阳对我们的眼睛有害。 (be harmful to, look straight at, without any protection) ________________________________________________________________________ Teachers are said to live a simple life, but I think being a teacher is meaningful. The computer plays a more and more important part/role in our life 或 Computers play a more and more important part/role in our life. It is harmful to our eyes to look straight at the sun without any protection at noon. 二、活用不定冠词 a ， an 1 ．就在那时，有一个七岁的小女孩正步行穿越马路。 (there be, walk across) _________________________________________________________ 2 ．要学好英语，一本好的词典是必需的。 (dictionary, a must) _____________________________________________ Just then, there was a seven - year - old girl walking across the street. To learn English well, a good dictionary is a must. 三、掌握好名词前用 the 的各种情况 1 ．会议将于周四下午三点到四点在位于 3 号楼四楼的 402 房间举行。 (be held) ________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________ 2 ．她的歌曲在年轻人和老年人中都很受欢迎。 (be popular with, as well as) _____________________________________________________ The meeting will be held in Room 402 on the fourth floor of Building 3 from 3 pm to 4 pm on Thursday afternoon. Her songs are very popular with the young as well as the old. 3 ．那座庙建于清代，已经有七百多年的历史了。它在 20 世纪 90 年代由政府出资修缮过。 (build, dynasty, the temple, a history of, restore, government, at one ’ s expense) ________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________ 4 ．他拉住我的手说： “ 你帮助我，我真的很感激。 ” (take sb by, be grateful to sb for, help out) ________________________________________________________________________ Built in the Qing dynasty, the temple has a history of 700 years. It was restored at the government’s expense in the 1990s. He took me by the hand and said, “ I’m really grateful to you for helping me out. ”