2018-2019学年黑龙江省牡丹江市第一高级中学高二下学期期末考试英语试题 解析版

2018-2019学年黑龙江省牡丹江市第一高级中学高二下学期期末考试英语试题 解析版

牡一中2017级高二学年下学期期末考试 英语试题 第一节：单项选择（共15小题，每小题1分，满分15分）‎ ‎1.He’s quite reliable. You can depend on ___________you out.‎ A. that he will help B. it that helps C. he helping D. him to help ‎【答案】D ‎【解析】‎ ‎【详解】考查固定短语。句意：他很可靠。你可以指望他帮你摆脱困境。短语depend on sb to do sth“指望某人做某事”，故选D。‎ ‎2.High interest rates _____ people from borrowing money.‎ A. discourage B. defeat C. disturb D. depress ‎【答案】A ‎【解析】‎ ‎【详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：高利率使人们不愿借钱。A. discourage阻止；使气馁；B. defeat打败；挫败；C. disturb打扰；妨碍；D. depress压抑；使沮丧。短语discourage sb from doing sth“阻止某人做某事”，故选A。‎ ‎3. Who________ for the pollution of our earth?‎ A. should blame B. is to blame C. is blame D. is to be blame ‎【答案】B ‎【解析】‎ 试题分析：blame用作及物动词时,通常用于下面三个句型:‎ ‎（1）. blame sb. for sth. /doing sth. 为某事责备某人/责备某人做了某事。如:‎ Many children are afraid of being blamed for making mistakes in speaking English. 许多孩子害怕讲英语时犯错误而受责备。‎ ‎（2）. blame sth. on sb. 把某事归咎于某人。如:‎ The police blamed the traffic accident on Jack's careless driving. 警察把那起交通事故归咎于杰克的粗心驾驶。‎ ‎（3）. be to blame (for)应(为……)承担责任;该(为……)受责备。[注意]此处不能用被动语态。如:‎ The children were not to blame for the accident. 那次事故怪不着孩子们。‎ He is more to blame than you. 是他更应受责备,而不是你。‎ Who is to blame for starting the fire? 这场火灾该由谁负责?‎ I am in no way to blame. 决不该责备我。‎ 故选B。‎ 考点：考查固定短语的用法。‎ 点评：本题难度适中。对于be to blame的用法考生要牢记，同时分清blame的另外的两种用法，需放在一定的语境里去理解。‎ 即学即练：Judging from the evidence on spot, the truck driver______for the accident. ‎ A. is to blame; B. is blamed; C. blames; D. will be blamed 解析：A 句意：从现场的证据来看，卡车司机是这次交通事故的责任人。‎ ‎4.His success doesn't ____________ his cleverness and working hard ____________ his progress.‎ A. result in; leads to B. result from; lies in C. lead to; lies in D. lie in; leads to ‎【答案】D ‎【解析】‎ ‎【详解】考查短语辨析。句意：他的成功不在于他的聪明，努力工作导致他的进步。A. result in结果是; leads to导致；B. result from起因于; lies in在于；C. lead to导致; lies in在于；D. lie in在于; leads to导致。根据句意可知选D。‎ ‎5.I have absolutely no ________ the students who get caught cheating in exams even though they were seriously punished.‎ A. impact on B. sympathy for C. concern about D. complaint about ‎【答案】B ‎【解析】‎ ‎【详解】考查短语辨析。句意：我绝对不同情那些考试作弊被抓的学生，即使他们受到了严厉的惩罚。A. impact on影响；B. sympathy for同情；C. concern about担心；关心；D. complaint about投诉；对……抱怨。根据句意可知选B。‎ ‎6.That evening he ________what he had thought about the research.‎ A. set about ; letting down B. set about; to take hold of C. set out ; making out D. set out; to set down ‎【答案】D ‎【解析】‎ ‎【详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：那天晚上，他开始把他对这项研究的想法写下来。固定短语set about doing sth=set out to do sth着手做某事。A. let down使失望；放下；B. take hold of抓住；握住；C. make out理解；辨认；D. set down写下。根据句意故选D。‎ ‎7.To _____________ the world for help, the stars launched a campaign to help the refugees.‎ A. end up B. appeal to C. leave behind D. cater for ‎【答案】B ‎【解析】‎ ‎【详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：为了呼吁全世界的帮助，明星们发起了一场帮助难民的运动。A. end up结束；B. appeal to呼吁；C. leave behind留下；遗留；D. cater for迎合。根据下文help the refugees以及句意故选B。‎ ‎8.The streets were full of people on May Day _____________ the rainy weather.‎ A. in case of B. as a consequence of C. on behalf of D. in spite of ‎【答案】D ‎【解析】‎ ‎【详解】考查介词短语辨析。句意：尽管下着雨，五一节那天街上还是挤满了人。A. in case of万一；假设；B. as a consequence of因此；C. on behalf of代表；为了；D. in spite of尽管。根据句意故选D。‎ ‎9.I found it difficult to ___________ getting up so early before, but I did finally managed.‎ A. be tired of B. be convinced of C. be accustomed to D. be obsessed with ‎【答案】C ‎【解析】‎ ‎【详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：我发现以前很难习惯这么早起床，但我终于做到了。A. be tired of厌烦；B. be convinced of确信；认识到；C. be accustomed to习惯于；适应于；D. be obsessed with痴迷于；沉迷于。根据句意故选C。‎ ‎10.The boy was put into prison for being ________ of stealing a lot of knives.‎ A. blamed B. accused C. charged D. suspect ‎【答案】B ‎【解析】‎ ‎【详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：这个男孩因被指控偷了很多刀而被关进监狱。A. blamed责备；B. accused控告；‎ C. charged充电；填充；D. suspect怀疑。短语be accused of“被指控”，故选B。‎ ‎11.It is proposed that a study plan ____ as soon as possible.‎ A. is made B. is to be made C. be made D. had been made ‎【答案】C ‎【解析】‎ ‎【详解】考查虚拟语气。句意：有人建议尽快制定研究计划。当propose表示“建议”时，其后的宾语从句要用 (should) do的虚拟语气，其中should可以省略，故C项正确。‎ ‎12.He wished he ____ in his house that day. If he hadn’t, he ____ everything overnight in the fire.‎ A. didn’t smoke; wouldn’t lose B. hadn’t smoked; wouldn’t have lost C. didn’t smoke; wouldn’t have lost D. hadn’t smoked; wouldn’t lose ‎【答案】B ‎【解析】‎ ‎【详解】考查虚拟语气。句意：他真希望他那天没在家里抽烟，如果他没有，他就会不会一夜之间在大火中失去一切了。根据句意可知，第一空表示与过去事实相反的愿望，所以用had done；第二空表示与过去事实相反的假设，所以用would have done，故B项正确。‎ ‎【点睛】wish后的宾语从句用虚拟语气表示某种不可能实现的愿望，其主要形式有三种：表示对现在的虚拟：wish+主语+动词过去式（be 用were），如，I wish I had a pair of wings；表示对过去的虚拟：wish+主语+had+过去分词，如，I wish you had come to my birthday party yesterday；表示对将来的虚拟：wish+主语+would+动词原形,如，I wish you would try again。‎ ‎13.But for your help, I __________ the work on time. I really do not know how I can thank you enough.‎ A. wouldn't finish B. hadn't finished C. wouldn't have finished D. won't have finished ‎【答案】C ‎【解析】‎ ‎【详解】考查虚拟语气。句意：要不是你的帮助，我就不会按时完成这项工作了。我真不知道该怎么感谢你才好。此处But for“要不是”，相当于if引导的虚拟语气，与过去的事实相反，所以主语部分应该是would/might/could---+have done结构。故选C。‎ ‎14.Mary’s description of the party was so vivid that I felt as if I there.‎ A. would be B. might have been C. would have been D. had been ‎【答案】D ‎【解析】‎ ‎【详解】考查虚拟语气。句意：玛丽对这次聚会的描述是如此生动，以至于我觉得我好像去过那里一样。根据句意及句中felt可知，此处描述的是与过去事实相反的情况，应使用过去完成时。故D选项正确。‎ ‎【点睛】as if的两种用法：‎ ‎1.as if从句用陈述语气，我这里说的从句用陈述语气,是相对于虚拟语气而言的。即你所表达的句子是真实的或极有可能发生或存在的事实时。‎ 设想语境:比方说你现在屋里看不到外面的情况,却听到了雨滴声,表达如下:‎ It sounds as if it is raining． 听起来像是在下雨。‎ ‎2. as if 从句用虚拟语气，当说话人认为句子所述的是不真实的或极少有可能发生或存在的情况时。从句虚拟语气动词时态的形式如下：‎ ‎（1）如果从句表示与现在事实相反，谓语动词用一般过去时。‎ ‎（2）从句表示与过去事实相反，谓语动词用“had＋过去分词”。‎ ‎（3）从句表示与将来事实相反，谓语动词用“would／could／might＋动词原形 ‎15.My brother ________ to college last year, but unfortunately he wasn’t able to take the examination because he was seriously ill.‎ A. needn’t have gone B. shouldn’t have gone C. could have gone D. must have gone ‎【答案】C ‎【解析】‎ ‎【详解】考查虚拟语气。A. needn’t have gone本不需要做某事，实际上却做了；B. shouldn’t have gone本不应该做某事，实际上却做了；C. could have gone本可以做某事，实际上却没有做；D. must have gone一定做了某事；句意：我的哥哥去年本可以进大学，但不幸地是因为生了重病，没有能够参加考试。根据句意可知表示“本可以做某事，实际上却没有做”，这是对过去情况的虚拟，故C项正确。‎ ‎【点睛】“情态动词+have done”既可以表示对过去情况的推测，也可以表示虚拟语气。‎ 一、“must+ have+ done”表示对过去事情的肯定推测，译成“一定做过某事”，该结构只用在肯定句里。‎ ‎1.It must have rained last night, for the ground is wet.昨晚一定下雨了,因为地面还是湿的。‎ ‎2.You must have been mad to speak to the servant.你和仆人说话,一定是发疯了。‎ 二、“can't+ have+ done”表示对过去事情的否定推测,译成“不可能做过某事”。‎ ‎1.Mr.Smith can't have gone to Beijing, for I saw him in the library just now.史密斯先生不可能去北京了,我刚才还在图书馆见过他。‎ ‎2. Mary can't have stolen your money. She has gone home.玛丽不可能偷你的钱,她回家去了。‎ 三、“can+ have+ done”表示对过去行为的怀疑,用于疑问句,译成“可能做过……吗?”。‎ ‎1. There is no light in the room. Can they have gone out?‎ 屋里没有灯,他们可能出去了吗?‎ ‎2. There is nowhere to find them. Where can they have gone?‎ 到处找不到他们,他们可能到什么地方去呢?‎ 四、“could+ have+ done”是虚拟语气, 表示对过去事情的假设, 意思是本来能够做某事而没有做。‎ He could have passed the exam, but he was too careless.本来他能够通过考试,但是他太粗心。‎ 五、“may+ have+ done”表示对发生过的事情的推测,意思是“可能已经”或“也许已经”,用于肯定句中。‎ ‎—What has happened to George?‎ ‎—I don't know. He may have got lost.‎ 乔治 发生了什么事?‎ ‎——我不知道,他可能迷路了。‎ 六、“might+ have+ done”表示对过去事情的推测,might与may意思相同,但可能性更小.多用于虚拟语气结构中。‎ ‎1. He might have given you more help, even though he was busy.(MET90)‎ 他或许会多给你一些帮助,即使他很忙。‎ ‎2. She might have achieved greater progress, if you had given her more chances.‎ 如果你多给她点机会,她可能已经取得更大的成绩。‎ 七、“would+ have+ done”虚拟语气,表示对过去事情的假设,意思是“本来会做”。‎ ‎1. I would have told you all about the boy's story, but you didn't ask me.‎ 我本来会告诉你这个小男孩的故事,但是你没有问我。‎ ‎2. Without your help, I wouldn't have achieved so much.‎ 没有你的帮助,我是不会取得如此大的成绩。‎ ‎3. Thank you so much for everything! I wouldn't survived without you.‎ 谢谢你为我做的一切,没有你我可能都无法活下来。‎ 八、“should+ have+ done”意思是“本来应该做某事,而实际没做.”“shouldn't+ have+ done”表示本来不应该做某事,而实际做了.含有指责对方或自责的含意。‎ ‎1. Tom, you are too lazy. The work should have been finished yesterday.汤姆,你太懒惰了,这项工作本来应该昨天就做完的。‎ ‎2. Look, Tom is crying. I shouldn't have been so harsh on him.看,汤姆哭了,我本来不应该对他如此严厉。‎ ‎3.We shouldn't have dragged him into this business at all.我们本不应该把他拉进来的(意思被拉下水,无法收场。)‎ 九、“ought to+ have+ done”表示过去应该做而实际并没有做,译成“理应做……”,往往表示遗憾，与“should+ have+ done”用法基本一样。‎ I ought to have gone home last Sunday.我理应上星期日回家。‎ You ought not to have given him more help.你不应该帮助他那么多。‎ 十、“need+ have+ done”表示本来需要做某事而没有做.“needn't+ have+ done”则表示“本来不需要做某事而做了”。‎ I needn't have bought so much wine—only five people came.‎ 我本来没有必要买这么多酒,只来了五个人。‎ He need have hurried to the station. In that case, he wouldn't have missed the train.他本来需要快点去车站,那样的话,他就不会误了火车。‎ 第二节：阅读理解 (共20小题；每小题2分，满分40分)。‎ 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中, 选出最佳选项。并在答题卡上将该选项涂黑。‎ A About aspirin(阿司匹林)‎ Aspirin is a commonly used drug which can be taken to relieve discomfort caused by numerous medical problems including headaches, toothache, inflammation and infections. It is also suitable to treat colds and flu-like symptoms, and to reduce a high temperature.‎ Who can take aspirin?‎ Adults and children over 16 years of age.‎ Who should not take aspirin?‎ ‎﹡Women who are pregnant, or plan to become pregnant. Aspirin may harm your unborn baby.‎ ‎﹡Women who are breast-feeding. Aspirin can pass into your breast milk and may harm your baby.‎ ‎﹡People who have any problems with the way the liver works or with the way the kidneys work.‎ How to take aspirin:‎ Take aspirin after meals, with a full glass of water or milk.‎ ‎﹡The recommended dose(剂量) ranges from two to three tablets at a time. Never take more than 4g (12 tablets) in any 24-hour period.‎ ‎﹡You must not take these tablets with any other medicine which contains any aspirin or painkiller.‎ How to store aspirin:‎ ‎﹡Keep all medicines out of the reach and sight of children.‎ ‎﹡Store aspirin in a cool, dry place, away from direct heat and light.‎ ‎﹡Do not put aspirin in the bathroom because the dampness there can cause it to lose its effectiveness.‎ ‎﹡Throw away aspirin that smells strongly of vinegar.‎ Possible side effects:‎ ‎﹡Feeling sick, increased risk of bleeding, stomach pain, indigestion and heartburn are common. If these effects continue, contact your doctor.‎ ‎﹡Ringing in the ears, difficulty breathing, dizziness, and mental confusion are rare. If these occur, stop taking the drug and contact your doctor for further advice.‎ ‎16. In which case will you take aspirin according to the text?‎ A. Stomachache. B. Fever.‎ C. Breathlessness. D. Nosebleed.‎ ‎17. How many times can you take aspirin at most in a day?‎ A. 6. B. 4.‎ C. 5. D. 3.‎ ‎18. What type of writing is this text?‎ A. An announcement. B. A medical report.‎ C. An official guide. D. Medical instructions.‎ ‎【答案】16. B 17. A 18. D ‎【解析】‎ 本文是是一篇医疗指导。文章介绍阿司匹林的使用方法及注意事项。‎ ‎【16题详解】‎ 推理判断题。根据第一段中Aspirin is a commonly used drug which can be taken to relieve discomfort caused by numerous medical problems including headaches, toothache, inflammation and infections. It is also suitable to treat colds and flu-like symptoms, and to reduce a high temperature.由此可知“发烧”要服用阿司匹林。故选B。‎ ‎【17题详解】‎ 推理判断题。根据文中The recommended dose(剂量) ranges from two to three tablets at a time. Never take more than 4g (12 tablets) in any 24-hour period.可知如果一次吃2片，一天不超过12片，所以一天最多吃6次阿司匹林。故选A。‎ ‎【18题详解】‎ 推理判断题。根据第一段Aspirin is a commonly used drug which can be taken to relieve discomfort caused bynumerous medical problems including headaches, toothache, inflammation and infections.可知本文介绍阿司匹林的使用方法，所以文章属于医疗指导。故选D。‎ B So often I hear people justify（为……辩解）their lack of family trips because their children are not old enough to remember them. This reason is so confusing to me. Who would travel based on another person’s memory?‎ Of course the kids aren’t going to remember anything in infancy（婴儿期）, but you will. You will remember all the sweet memories you had with them.‎ My parents would take me to Guatemala as a child. I don’t remember a lot about the trip, but I do know that when I went back as a young adult, I felt comfortable in my surroundings. I didn’t spend my time there discovering a new way of life. I spent the time having fun with my family. I love looking at pictures that we took together when I was my son’s age. I don’t remember them, but that’s not the point. The point is, I was there with my family, and I know I was happy.‎ Now that I’m a parent, I can’t help but do the same. Last year, we took our 2-year-old son to Disney alongside his great-grandmother. His great-grandmother had recently begun to suffer from Alzheimer’s. That trip was timed in the most magical way — right before my son was old enough to remember it and right before his great-grandmother began to forget. This makes me want to cry for them both. How did we get so lucky to have this moment to share with each other before big changes influenced our family forever?‎ Realistically speaking, many families do not have the opportunity to travel internationally or visit pricey theme parks. I understand this more than you know, but I’m talking beyond that. They are young but these forgettable moments are still changing them. They will shape your children into who they will be tomorrow. The memories we absorb as their parents are also as influential as we have not finished learning our truths either.‎ ‎19. Why do some parents go on few family trips?‎ A. They have no time. B. They cannot afford them.‎ C. They are not interested in them. D. They think their kids won’t remember them.‎ ‎20. What’s the author’s impression of her childhood trip to Guatemala?‎ A. Clear. B. Boring.‎ C. Pleasing. D. Hard.‎ ‎21. Which influenced the author to plan the Disney trip?‎ A. Her son. B. Her parents.‎ C. Some old photos. D. Other parents’ ideas.‎ ‎22. Why did the author want to cry when recalling the Disney trip?‎ A. She was sorry for her grandmother’s disease.‎ B. She was worried about big family changes.‎ C. She was moved by the timing of the trip.‎ D. She was surprised by her son’s growth.‎ ‎【答案】19. D 20. C 21. B 22. C ‎【解析】‎ 这是一篇夹叙夹议文。有些家长认为孩子太小记不住事情,因而认为带他们去旅行没有意义。而作者认为,虽然孩子们很小,可能记不住这些,但是这些美好时光不仅会在潜移默化中塑造他们,也会对家长们产生巨大的影响。‎ ‎【19题详解】‎ 细节理解题。由第一段中的 “So often I hear people justify（为……辩解）their lack of family trips because their children are not old enough to remember them.”可知,我经常听到人们为他们没有家庭旅行辩解，因为他们的孩子太小不足以记住旅行的经历。所以家长们认为孩子们太小记不住事情,因此家庭旅行较少。故D选项正确。‎ ‎【20题详解】‎ 推理判断题。由第三段中的My parents would take me to Guatemala as a child. I don’t remember a lot of the tripThe point is, I was there with my family, and I know I was happy.”可知,小时候，父母带我去危地马拉。我不太记得那次旅行了。关键是，我和我的家人在一起，我知道我很开心。作者不太记得去危地马拉的旅行，但记得家人在一起，作者很开心。所以判断出作者认为童年的旅行令她感到愉快。故C选项正确。‎ ‎【21题详解】‎ 细节理解题。根据第三段中的“My parents would take me to Guatemala as a child”以及第四段中的“Now that I’m a parent, I can’t help but do the same”可知,小时候，父母会带我去危地马拉。现在我已经为人父母了，也和自己的父母做相同的事情。所以作者如今身为母亲,受到自己父母的启发,也带着儿子出去旅行。故B选项正确。‎ ‎【22题详解】‎ 推理判断题。由第四段中“That trip was timed in the most magical way — right before my son was old enough to remember it and right before his great-grandmother began to forget. This makes me want to cry for them both. How did we get so lucky to have this moment to share with each other before big changes influenced our family forever?”可知,这次与祖母和儿子的迪士尼之行是一段很神奇的经历,祖母患病,记忆日渐衰退,而儿子不断成长,记忆力日渐增强,作者觉得很幸运在家庭的重大改变来临之前的这个时间节点,一家人还能有机会度过美好时光。所以判断出为什么作者回忆迪斯尼之旅时想哭是因为她被这段旅行的时间节点所感动。故C选项正确。‎ C The clock is ticking. David Brunelli has just swallowed a huge burger. The crowd cheers excitedly as he downs fistfuls of fries.‎ Welcome to the world of competitive eating.‎ Brunelli is part of a select group who compete to eat massive quantities of food as quickly as possible. Eating contests may seem like harmless fun, but they have a dark side and some critics are saying it’s time for them to stop.‎ Pouring crazy amounts of food down our throats is nothing new. Gorging banquets (狼吞虎咽）was a regular part of ancient Roman culture. In the 1800s, some New York City politicians settled bets through eating challenges. Pie-eating contests have been a Fourth of July tradition for more than a century.‎ For supporters like Brunelli, though, eating contests are more than a custom. They are a path to fortune.‎ But prize money does nothing to reduce the health risks of competitive eating. Competitive eating can even be life-threatening. In 1991, a man in Virginia suffered a stroke (中风) after eating 38 eggs in 29 seconds; In Florida, in 2012, a man died shortly after winning an eating contest leading a group of doctors to call for a ban on eating contests.‎ In any event, the risk to competitors is only part of the story. Nearly two-thirds of Americans are overweight, and competitive eating sets a terrible example by ‎ encouraging overeating. And in a world where 805 million people go hungry every day, downing ridiculous quantities of food for entertainment seems not just wasteful but also cruel.‎ For now, though, it seems eating contests are here to stay. Last year, more than three million viewers watched Nathan’s Famous Hot Dog Eating Contest on TV. This year, Matt Stonie ate 182 pieces of bacon in 5 minutes, breaking the world record.‎ What record will be broken next? Do you really want to find out?‎ ‎23. What does the author try to express in Paragraph 4?‎ A. Competitive eating is a tradition.‎ B. It’s great to learn from ancient people.‎ C. Competitive eating should be accepted.‎ D. It’s exciting to challenge others to eat.‎ ‎24. Why does Brunelli take part in the eating contest?‎ A. For food. B. For fun.‎ C. For honor. D. For money.‎ ‎25. The examples given in Paragraph 6 are used to show eating contests .‎ A. use unhealthy food.‎ B. waste too much food.‎ C. put competitors at risk.‎ D. set a bad example to kids.‎ ‎26. What can be inferred from the last paragraph?‎ A. The author hopes to break the record.‎ B. The author is eager to know the result.‎ C. The author wants readers to find out the result.‎ D. The author disapproves of competitive eating.‎ ‎【答案】23. A 24. D 25. C 26. D ‎【解析】‎ ‎【分析】‎ 本文是一篇记叙文。欢迎来到竞争性饮食的世界。作者认为“竞争性饮食是一种传统。” “作者不赞成竞争性饮食。”‎ ‎【23题详解】‎ 推理判断题。根据第四段中Gorging banquets (狼吞虎咽会）were a regular part of ancient Roman culture. In the 1800s, some New York City politicians settled bets through eating challenges. Pie-eating contests have been a Fourth of July tradition for more than a century.可知，作者试图在第4段中表达“竞争性饮食是一种传统。”故选A。‎ ‎【24题详解】‎ 推理判断题。根据第五段For supporters like Brunelli, though, eating contests are more than a custom. They are a path to fortune.可知，Brunelli为了钱参加饮食比赛。故选D。‎ ‎【25题详解】‎ 推理判断题。根据第六段中But prize money does nothing to reduce the health risks of competitive eating. Competitive eating can even be life-threatening.可知，第6段中所举的例子用来说明吃东西的竞赛会使竞争者处于危险之中。故选C。‎ ‎【26题详解】‎ 推理判断题。根据最后一段中For now, though，it seems eating contests are here to stay.和 What record will be broken next? Do you really want to find out?可知，从最后一段可以推断出“作者不赞成竞争性饮食。”故选D。‎ ‎【点睛】做推理判断题时，对于暗含在文章中的人物的行为动机、事件的因果关系及作者未言明的倾向、意图、态度、观点等要进行合乎逻辑的判断、推理、分析，进一步增强理解能力，抓住材料实质性的东西。本题第3小题，根据第六段中But prize money does nothing to reduce the health risks of competitive eating. Competitive eating can even be life-threatening.可知，第6段中所举的例子用来说明吃东西的竞赛会使竞争者处于危险之中。故选C。‎ D As I was thinking about language learning the other day, the image of baking bread came into my mind. I compared some of the exercises and drills that we put ourselves through in order to learn a language to the various ingredients that go into baking a loaf of fresh bread.‎ Real language learning takes place in human relationships. No one sits down and eats a cup of flour, even if he is hungry and in a hurry. You don’t become bilingual (双语的) by learning lists of vocabulary. You don’t become a speaker of a language by memorizing verb conjugations (动词的词形变化) and agreement rules. You become bilingual by entering a community that uses that other language as its primary means of communication.‎ I am not suggesting that we can make bread without ingredients. Flour is necessary, as are yeast, salt, water and other ingredients. Vocabulary is part of any language and will have to be learned. Grammatical rules exist in every language and cannot be ignored. But merely combining the appropriate ingredients in the recommended proportions does not result in bread. At best, you only end up with a ball of dough (面团).‎ In order to get bread, you have to apply heat to the dough. And in language learning, that heat comes from the community. Anyone who has learned a second language has experienced that heat. It creeps up your neck when you ask the babysitter, “Have you already been eaten?” when you meant to say, “Have you already eaten?” When you try to say something quite innocent and the whole room bursts into laughter, you are experiencing the heat that turns raw dough into good bread. Remember the old saying, “If you can’t stand the heat, get out of the kitchen?” This is where language learning often breaks down because we find the heat uncomfortable and we stop the baking process. In other words, we can’t stand the heat, so we get out of the kitchen.‎ However, the language learner who stays in the kitchen——in the heat until the combined ingredients are thoroughly transformed will enjoy the richness of a quality loaf of bread. He said that he did not “get out of the kitchen” at the critical moment when the oven seemed too hot. The dedicated language learner knows that becoming bilingual cannot be achieved without the heat!‎ ‎27. The passage is mainly about________.‎ A. how we can make baking bread with various Ingredients B. how to become bilingual by communicating with others C. what an important role “heat” plays in learning a language D. what a high quality of bread you may achieve in the kitchen ‎28. You can become a speaker of a language by_______.‎ A. bearing millions of words and expressions in your mind B. using the language to communicate with those around you C. knowing verb conjugations and grammatical rules D. saying something innocent to be laughed at by others ‎29. What is the purpose of illustration of the example——you ask the babysitter, “Have you already been eaten?” when you meant to say, “Have you already eaten?” ?‎ A. To prove that you are sure to make some mistakes when you enter a community.‎ B. To show that you should combine the ingredients in the recommended proportions.‎ C. To prove that you may experience "heat" from the community in language learning.‎ D. To indicate that being bilingual calls for your courage, confidence and perseverance.‎ ‎30. According to the passage, which of the following is NOT the necessity of baking bread and learning language?‎ A. Wonderful skills. B. Various ingredients.‎ C. Appropriate proportions. D. Uncomfortable heat.‎ ‎【答案】27. C 28. B 29. C 30. A ‎【解析】‎ 本文是一篇语言学习类短文阅读。文章作者用诙谐幽默口吻对语言学习与烤面包进行了比较，并强调了“热度”在语言学习中是多么的作用。‎ ‎【27题详解】‎ 主旨大意题。根据文章最后一句The dedicated language learner knows that becoming bilingual cannot be achieved without the heat!和全文内容可知，文章作者用诙谐幽默的口吻对语言学习与烤面包进行了比较，并强调了“热度”在语言学习中是多么的作用。故选C。‎ ‎【28题详解】‎ 细节理解题。根据文章第二段Real language learning takes place in human relationships.和You become bilingual by entering a community that uses that other language as its primary means of ‎ communication.可知，只有通过语言交流才能熟练掌握语言。故选B。‎ ‎【29题详解】‎ 推理判断题。根据文章第三段And in language learning, that heat comes from the community. Anyone who has learned a second language has experienced that heat.可知，作者举例说明的目的是为了证明在语言学习中，其热度来自于社会交流。故选C。‎ ‎【30题详解】‎ 细节理解题。根据文章作者对语言学习与烤面包进行了比较，在文章第三段提及到various ingredients和appropriate proportions的必要性，最后两段强调了uncomfortable heat的必要性。wonderful skills文章作者没有提及到。故选A。‎ 根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。‎ Many of us live with a roommate at some stage． Sometimes， there can be problems． Who hasn't had an argument about whose turn it is to take out the rubbish or who should be the one to clear up after dinner？___31___‎ You know that there's always someone else around， which can help you feel safer． There is always someone to talk to， so you never feel lonely． Besides these obvious benefits， there are some you may not notice．___32___‎ To examine the effect of living alone， Australian university researchers did much research and found that people living alone tended to eat less fresh food， which can have a significant negative effect on long-term health． However， those living with others generally benefited from a more varied diet compared to those living alone．‎ ‎___33___The researchers believe the social and cultural roles played by cooking， food preparation and eating may be important considerations． For example， those living with friends have someone else to go shopping with， and thus are likely to buy high-quality fresh food regularly．‎ ‎___34___If people living alone find they do not have the knowledge required to prepare a particular dish or cook a certain food， they may fall back on ready-made， less healthy food． However， if they live with at least one other person， they may be able to ask for help．‎ In addition， people living alone can eat whatever they want at any time of the day or night． However， it's helpful to have someone around who questions your decision to eat frozen pizza at 3am．___35___‎ So， if you now live alone and find yourself fighting a losing battle against poor eating habits， why not consider sharing a home with someone else？ You could encourage one another on to greater health and well-being．‎ A． Cooking skills may be another factor．‎ B． In other words， roommates can draw your attention to unhealthy routines．‎ C． Living with a roommate could be a good thing because a roommate can share your expenses and contribute to your home's maintenance．‎ D． For example， we're actually more likely to eat healthier food when living with others．‎ E． What could explain these findings？‎ F． It's hard to find someone who doesn't grate on your nerves， has a similar cleanliness level as you and goes to bed at the same time．‎ G． However， living with another person also comes with many benefits．‎ ‎【答案】31. G 32. D ‎ ‎33. E 34. A ‎ ‎35. B ‎【解析】‎ 本文为应用说明文。本文主要介绍为什么与他人合住有利于改善你的日常饮食。‎ ‎【31题详解】‎ 考查对上下文的理解及推理判断能力。本句是第一段与第二段的承上启下句。第一段说与人合住会出现问题，第二段叙述是与他人合住的好处就是让你感觉更安全等许多好处，可知这是合住的好处。由此可判断出上下文是转折关系，由此可知G项（然而，和另一个人一起生活也会带来很多好处）符合题意，故选G。‎ ‎【32题详解】‎ 考查对上下文的理解及推理判断能力。本空所在的第二段是叙述与他人合住的好处，而且是你没有注意到的，下面会再举一个你没有注意到的好处，例如，我们与他人一起生活时，实际上更有可能吃更健康的食物。因此D项就符合题意，故选D。‎ ‎【33题详解】‎ 考查对上下文的理解及推理判断能力。上一段说“为了研究独居的影响，研究者研究后发现独居的人吃不健康的食品。接着下一段说研究人员相信烹饪、食物准备和饮食所扮演的社会和文化角色可能是重要的考虑因素。由此可知，这是对上一段研究发现的解释，分析选项可知E项（什么能解释这些发现？）符合题意，故选E项。‎ ‎【34题详解】‎ 考查对上下文的理解及推理判断能力。本空后的内容可知，本段说的是独居的人可能吃不健康的食品与烹饪知识有关,因为没有这方面的知识，所以就没有烹饪技巧，不会做饭。分析选项可知A项（烹饪技巧可能是另一个因素）符合题意。故选A。‎ ‎【35题详解】‎ 考查对上下文的理解及推理判断能力。根据转折连词however可知前后两句意思是相反的。本空前的内容“然而，身边有人质疑你在凌晨3点吃冷冻披萨的决定对你是有帮助的。”那么下一句自然是说，合住的人对你也有不好的影响。分析选项可知B项（换句话说，室友可以把你的注意力放在不健康的套路上）正是与空前的意思相反，因此选项B符合题意。‎ 第三节：完形填空（共20小题，每小题1.5分，满分30分）‎ 阅读下面短文, 从短文后所给各题的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中，选出可以填入空白的最佳选项。‎ When I read a post about taking someone to the movies，I remembered something that happened a couple of years ago.‎ I used to drink Coca-Cola and they had a contest where there was a _____36_____ inside the bottle cap. You went to a website and entered the code and maybe you ____37____ something. I won some _____38_____ Cokes. But then，I won the Grand Prize！I was surprised and _____39_____.‎ The Grand Prize was free movies for a year. What that _____40_____ to be was that the company sent me 52 admission tickets for a local movie theatre — they ____41____ one movie a week was what free movies for a year ___42___. All of the tickets had expiration dates（失效期）later than a year from the day I ____43____ them. I used quite a few taking friends to see ____44____.‎ But the best thing I did with them was that I _____45_____ twenty-two tickets ‎ that I had left by that time，to the local Women's Transition House. It is a place where women and their _____46_____ could go when they're ______47______ domestic violence or just a bad situation in general and get help to make a ______48______ start.‎ My work team had decided we would be a charity through which we ______49______ donations for that particular Christmas. I knew that the Women's Transition House ______50______ some childcare for the women ______51______ they could go for job interviews and things like that.‎ I put those tickets in a(n) ______52______ and wrote a note on the outside, asking the Women's Transition House staff to give the movie tickets to women there _____53_____ the holidays to have something _____54_____ to do, with or without their children. It made me _____55_____ happy to do this.‎ ‎36. A. website B. sign C. code D. note ‎37. A. bought B. won C. downloaded D. sought ‎38. A. expensive B. cheap C. delicious D. free ‎39. A. skeptical B. delighted C. numb D. jealous ‎40. A. turned over B. turned up C. turned out D. turned down ‎41. A. figured B. tolerated C. foresaw D. identified ‎42. A. occurred B. mattered C. meant D. underlined ‎43. A. refused B. received C. presented D. lost ‎44. A. plays B. movies C. performances D. matches ‎45. A. sold B. abandoned C. distributed D. donated ‎46. A. children B. partner C. family D. parents ‎47. A. handling B. opposing C. fleeing D. defeating ‎48. A. steady B. fresh C. complete D. perfect ‎49. A. purchased B. managed C. controlled D.‎ ‎ collected ‎50. A. provided B. accepted C. supported D. postponed ‎51. A. but B. so C. otherwise D. or ‎52. A. mailbox B. timetable C. pocket D. envelope ‎53. A. to B. before C. over D. with ‎54. A. controversial B. compulsory C. entertaining D. systematic ‎55. A. really B. nearly C. generally D. simply ‎【答案】36. C 37. B 38. D 39. B 40. C 41. A 42. C 43. B 44. B 45. D 46. A 47. C 48. B 49. D 50. A 51. B 52. D 53. C 54. C 55. A ‎【解析】‎ 本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者回忆几年前把电影票捐给了一个慈善机构的故事。‎ ‎【36题详解】‎ 考查名词。A. website网站；B. sign记号；C. code代码；D. note笔记。根据下文中的"You went to a website and entered the code"可知此处是指代码（code）。故选C。‎ ‎【37题详解】‎ 考查动词。A. bought买；B. won赢得；C. downloaded下载；D. sought寻找。根据下文中的" But then，I won the Grand Prize"可知，此处是指赢得什么东西。故选B。‎ ‎【38题详解】‎ 考查形容词。A. expensive昂贵的；B. cheap便宜的；C. delicious美味的；D. free免费的。根据下文中的"The Grand Prize was free movies for a year"可知，此处是指免费的（free）可乐。故选D。‎ ‎【39题详解】‎ 考查形容词。A. skeptical怀疑的；B. delighted高兴的；C. numb麻木的；D. jealous嫉妒的。作者赢得了大奖自然是又吃惊又高兴（delighted）。故选B。‎ ‎【40题详解】‎ 考查动词。A. turned over移交；B. turned up出现；C. turned out结果证明；D. turned down关小。结果是这家公司给了作者52张当地一家影院的入场券。turn ‎ out"结果是"，符合语境。故选C。‎ ‎【41题详解】‎ 考查动词。A. figured认为；计算；B. tolerated忍受；C. foresaw预见；D. identified鉴定。根据上下文可知他们认为的一年的免费电影意思是每周一场电影。figure"认为，以为"，符合语境。故选A。‎ ‎【42题详解】‎ 考查动词。A. occurred发生；B. mattered有关系；C. meant意味着；D. underlined下划线的。一年的免费电影意思是每周一场电影。mean"意思是，意味着"，符合语境。故选C。‎ ‎【43题详解】‎ 考查动词。A. refused拒绝；B. received收到；C. presented提出；D. lost遗失。这里指自作者收到免费电影票的那一天起。receive"收到"，符合语境。故选B。‎ ‎【44题详解】‎ 考查名词。A. plays戏剧；B. movies电影；C. performances演出；D. matches比赛。作者用了不少电影票带朋友们去看电影。故选B。‎ ‎45题详解】‎ 考查动词。A. sold卖；B. abandoned抛弃；C. distributed分布；D. donated捐赠。根据下文中的"I put those tickets in a（n）17 and wrote a note on the outsidewith or without their children"可知，作者把剩下的票捐了出去。故选D。‎ ‎【46题详解】‎ 考查名词。A. children孩子们；B. partner 伙伴；C. family家庭；D. parents父母。根据下文可知，这是一个妇女和她们的孩子们可以去的地方。下文的“with or without their children”是信息提示。故选A。‎ ‎【47题详解】‎ 考查动词。A. handling处理；B. opposing反对；C. fleeing逃离；D. defeating战胜。根据句中的"women and their 11 could go"和"domestic violence or just a bad situation in general"可知，此处是指逃避家庭暴力。flee"逃避，逃跑"，符合语境。故选C。‎ ‎【48题详解】‎ 考查形容词。A. steady稳定的；B. fresh新的；C. complete完全的；D. perfect完美的。根据语境可知是开始新的生活。fresh"新的，不同的"，符合语境。故选B。‎ ‎【49题详解】‎ 考查动词。A. purchased购买；B. managed管理；C. controlled控制；D. collected收集。根据句中的"donations for that particular Christmas"可推知，此处是募集善款。collect"募集"，符合语境。故选D。‎ ‎【50题详解】‎ 考查动词。A. provided提供；B. accepted接受；C. supported支持；D. postponed延期。Women's Transition House为妇女们提供一些儿童照管服务。provide sth. for sb.意为“为某人提供某物”，符合语境。故选A。‎ ‎【51题详解】‎ 考查连词。A. but但是；B. so因此；C. otherwise否则；D. or或者。下文中的"they could go for job interviews and things like that"是结果，故此处应该用so。故选B。‎ ‎【52题详解】‎ 考查名词。A. mailbox邮箱；B. timetable时间表；C. pocket口袋；D. envelope信封。根据下文中的“wrote a note on the outside”并结合选项可推知，作者把那些电影票放进了一个信封里。故选D。‎ ‎【53题详解】‎ 考查介词。A. to到；B. before在……之前；C. over越过；在……期间；D. with和。根据上下文可知，此处应是说“在假日里”，故选over"在…….期间"。故选C。‎ ‎【54题详解】‎ 考查形容词。A. controversial有争议的；B. compulsory义务的；C. entertaining 令人愉快的；D. systematic系统的。作者把电影票送给她们，目的是让她们在假日里做一些有趣的事情（看电影）。entertaining "有趣的"，符合语境。故选C。‎ ‎【55题详解】‎ 考查副词。A. really真的；B. nearly几乎；C. generally通常；D. simply简单地。帮助了别人，作者自然非常开心。really"非常"，符合语境。故选A。‎ 第四节：语法填空 （共10小题，每小题1.5分，满分15分）‎ 阅读下面短文，在空自处填入 1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式，并将答案填写在答题卡上。‎ I will never forget the day when I went to a coming-of age ceremony. Last month, an unforgettable adult ceremony ___56___ (hold) for all the senior 3 students in ‎ our school. It began at half past two in the afternoon. Decorated by colorful flowers and balloons, the stadium looked ___57___ (fantastic) beautiful. All of us students were dressed ___58___ school uniforms with red ribbons on our wrists, showing the energy of youth. We walked into the stadium in high spirits. ___59___ (accompany) by our parents. Our principal delivered___60___inspiring speech at first, and we received ___61___ (congratulate) from our teachers. During the ceremony, we expressed our heart-felt gratitude to our parents by___62___ (bow) to them. I was moved to tears when I got a photo album from my parents, ___63___ reminded me of my happy childhood. In the end, we raised our right hands and ___64___ (make) a serious promise to become reliable and honest citizens. As far as I’m concerned, the ceremony indicates that we should take on more responsibilities to be ___65___ (independence) and get away from the shelter of our family.‎ ‎【答案】56. was held ‎ ‎57. fantastically ‎ ‎58. in 59. accompanied ‎ ‎60. an 61. congratulations ‎ ‎62. bowing 63. which ‎ ‎64. made 65. independent ‎【解析】‎ ‎【分析】‎ 这是一篇记叙文。叙述了作者成人典礼的过程以及它给作者带来的感悟。‎ ‎【56题详解】‎ 考查一般过去时被动语态。句意：上个月，一场令人难忘的高三成人礼在我校举行。an unforgettable adult ceremony（主语）与hold （谓语）是被动，last month是一般过去时时间状语，故填was held。‎ ‎【57题详解】‎ 考查副词。句意：运动场看起来极其漂亮。副词fantastically 修饰形容词beautiful，故填fantastically 。‎ ‎【58题详解】‎ 考查介词。句意：我们所有同学都穿着校服。be dressed in…..穿着…….，故填in。‎ ‎【59题详解】‎ 考查过去分词。句意：我们在父母的陪伴下，情绪高昂地走进运动场。Walked为句子的谓语，所以accompany为非谓语，We 与accompany是被动，所以填accompanied，故填accompanied。‎ ‎【60题详解】‎ 考查不定冠词。句意：我们的校长发表了鼓舞人心的演讲。deliver a speech 做演讲。在本句中speech被inspiring修饰，且inspiring第一个音素为元音，故填an。‎ ‎【61题详解】‎ 考查名词复数。句意：我们收到了老师们的祝贺。Congratulations贺词，祝贺，故填Congratulations。‎ ‎【62题详解】‎ 考查动名词。句意：我们通过鞠躬的方式向我们的父母表达了衷心地感谢。by doing sth通过做某事，故填bowing。‎ ‎【63题详解】‎ 考查定语从句关系代词。句意：当我从父母手中接过一本影集时，它让我想起了我快乐的童年，我感动地流下了眼泪。句子的先行词为a photo album from my parents，在定语从句，________8________ reminded me of my happy childhood做 reminded的主语，关系代词可选that或which。又因为定语从句前有逗号，判断为非限制性定语从句，不选that，而选which，故填which。‎ ‎【64题详解】‎ 考查一般过去时。句意：我们举起了我们的右手，庄严宣誓成为一名诚实守信的公民。and 连接raised 和made，故填made。‎ ‎【65题详解】‎ 考查形容词。仪式表明我们应该承担更多的责任，独立自主，远离家庭的庇护。根据句意，故填independent。‎ ‎【点睛】非谓语动词是考试考查的重点，要掌握它的用法。首先，要弄清楚填空处要填的是非谓语。其次，要知道非谓语动词的三种形式：现在分词、过去分词、动词不定式。再次，要知道非谓语动作与谓语动作是同时发生还是先后发生，还是将要发生。其中分词做状语的考查尤为重要，在小题4中可以很好地体现，在确定句子谓语是walked 后，我们判断出accompany是非谓语，再判断出句子主语we ‎ 与accompany是被动，所以用过去分词，故accompanied 为正确答案。‎ 第五节 单词拼写 ‎66. Who will be in charge in the a_______(不在) of our boss?‎ ‎67. The special medicine for the disease was difficult to find though it was s____(寻找) everywhere.‎ ‎68. Never will I forget that poem and the i___________(灵感) it provided for my first novel.‎ ‎69. T______(困住，陷入) in the mountain for more than 2 days, the climbers looked pale and weak.‎ ‎70. After days of r_________(反思）, she decided to write back.‎ ‎【答案】66. absence ‎ ‎67. sought 68. inspiration ‎ ‎69. Trapped ‎ ‎70. reflection ‎【解析】‎ ‎【分析】‎ 考查单词拼写。‎ ‎【66题详解】‎ 句意：老板不在时谁来负责？短语in the absence of“缺乏；缺少”，故填名词absence。‎ ‎【67题详解】‎ 句意：尽管到处都在寻找治疗这种疾病的特殊药物，但却很难找到。根据上文was可知为一般过去时的被动语态，故填sought。‎ ‎【68题详解】‎ 句意：我永远不会忘记那首诗，以及它给我第一部小说带来的灵感。根据上文the可知应填名词inspiration。‎ ‎【69题详解】‎ 句意：被困在山中2天多了，攀登者看起来脸色苍白，身体虚弱。本句已经存在谓语动词且句中没有连词，故trap只能做非谓语动词与逻辑主语构成被动关系，故填trapped。‎ ‎【70题详解】‎ 句意：经过几天的考虑，她决定回信。of为介词后跟名词作宾语，故填reflection。‎ ‎【点睛】absence的用法：‎ ‎　　absence的用法1：absence的基本意思是某人“缺席; 离开; 不在场”,通常指该在而“不在”。指“不在”或“缺席”这一事实时是不可数名词; 指“不在场的次数或时间”时是可数名词,有复数形式。引申可表示某人、某物或某事“缺乏”或者“不存在”,即不具有应具备或想要的东西。‎ ‎　　absence的用法2：absence 接介词 from表示“离开某地,不在某地”; 接介词 at 或 in表示“不在某地而在他处”; 接介词of表示某人、某物或者某事物“缺乏”或者“不存在”。而in absence意为“在缺乏或不存在的情况下”; in sb's absence意为“当某人不在时,在某人离开时”; in the absence of则意为“在缺少…时”。‎ absence的常用短语：‎ 用作名词 (n.)‎ ‎　　in sb's absence in the absence of absence的用法例句：‎ ‎　　1. There has been much gossip about the possible reasons for his absence.‎ ‎　　关于他缺席的原因有很多传言。‎ ‎　　2. I suspect he isn't altogether unhappy about my absence.‎ ‎　　我猜想他对我的缺席并没有感到很不高兴。‎ ‎　　3. The official reason given for the President's absence was sickness.‎ 对外公布的总统未到场原因是身体有恙。‎ 如第一小题，考查absence的常用短语。‎ 第六节 单句语法填空 ‎71. Is it he or you who ________(be) in charge of the job and supposed to complete it punctually?‎ ‎72. We believe all that you have been devoted to ______(be) naturally of great necessity.‎ ‎73. He is the only one of the boys who __________(be) always late for class.‎ ‎74. In all his life, Dickens wrote a large number of excellent novels, some of which ______(be) still popular now.‎ ‎75. There _______(be) quantities of milk in the bucket at the present.‎ ‎76. Leaving the less important things until tomorrow ______(be) often acceptable.‎ ‎77. The teacher along with the students __________(discuss) the Reading Skills that was newly published in America in the classroom now.‎ ‎78. Nowadays, many a woman _____(have) a job at home.‎ ‎79. So far every means ___________ (try) to solve the problem.‎ ‎80. There _______(be) a professor from Japan and two experts from America waiting in the meeting room now.‎ ‎【答案】71. are ‎ ‎72. is 73. is ‎ ‎74. are 75. are ‎ ‎76. is 77. is discussing ‎ ‎78. has 79. has been tried ‎ ‎80. is ‎【解析】‎ ‎【分析】‎ 考查单句语法填空。‎ ‎【71题详解】‎ 考查主谓一致。句意：是他还是你负责这项工作，应该按时完成? 在由or，either …or，neither…nor，whether…or，not…but，not only…but (also)等连接的并列成分作主语时，其谓语通常要与靠近的主语保持一致。本句中靠近的主语为you，故填are。‎ ‎【72题详解】‎ 考查主谓一致。句意：我们相信，你所献身的一切自然都是非常必要的。由all, either, neither, most, more, some, any, none等作主语时，若指代复数可数名词，谓语动词用复数形式；若指代单数可数名词或不可数名词，谓语动词用单数形式。此处主语all指代“所献身的一切”为不可数名词，故谓语动词用单数。填is。‎ ‎73题详解】‎ 考查主谓一致。句意：他是唯一一个上课总是迟到的男孩。the only one指的是一个人，“唯一的”，唯一符合条件的一个人，因此谓语动词应用单数，故填is。‎ ‎【74题详解】‎ 考查主谓一致。句意：狄更斯一生写了大量优秀的小说，其中一些至今仍很受欢迎。在定语从句时，关系代词that, who, which等作主语时，其谓语动词的数应与句中先行词的数一致。本句为定语从句修饰先行词excellent novels ，为复数名词，故填are。‎ ‎【75题详解】‎ 考查主谓一致。句意：目前桶里有大量的牛奶。“quantities of+不可数名词/可数名词复数”作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。故填are。‎ ‎【76题详解】‎ 考查主谓一致。句意：把不那么重要的事情留到明天通常是可以接受的。本句主语为动名词短语Leaving the less important things until tomorrow，谓语动词应用单数形式，故填is。‎ ‎【77题详解】‎ 考查动词时态。句意：老师和学生们正在教室里讨论美国最新出版的阅读技巧。根据下文now可知应用现在进行时，主语后接介词短语或其他插入语, 如with, together with, along with, as well as, besides, like, ‎ but, except, including, in addition to, such as等, 不影响主语的人称和数, 谓语动词的人称和数根据主语的人称和数来确定。故填is discussing。‎ ‎【78题详解】‎ 考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意：现在，许多妇女在家里有工作。“many a +可数名词单数”作主语时，在意义上都是复数，但谓语动词要用单数形式，这是由与其邻近的单数名词所决定的。本句中临近的woman为单数名词，故填is。‎ ‎【79题详解】‎ 考查动词时态。句意：到目前为止，已经尝试了各种方法来解决这个问题。当“each /every +单数名词”结构作主语时, 谓语动词用单数形式。且主语means与谓语动词try构成被动关系，上文so far可知应用现在完成时，故填has been tried。‎ ‎【80题详解】‎ 考查主谓一致。句意：现在会议室里有一位日本教授和两位美国专家。如果There be 后面是几个并列名词做主语时，动词be 的形式和最靠近它的那个名词保持数的一致，即遵循就近原则。故填is。‎ ‎【点睛】就近原则 就近原则也称“邻近原则”“就近一致原则”，即谓语动词的形式与其最邻近的主语在人称和数上一致。‎ ‎1. 由连词连接的并列主语 在由or，either …or，neither…nor，whether…or，not…but，not only…but (also)等连接的并列成分作主语时，其谓语通常要与靠近的主语保持一致。如：‎ ‎         What he does or what he says does not concern me. 他的行为或言谈都与我无关。‎ ‎        Neither you nor I am wrong. 你和我都没错。‎ ‎        Not you but your father is to blame. 不是你，而是你的父亲该受责备。‎ ‎        Not only you but (also) he is wrong. 不仅你错了，他也错了。‎ ‎2. here/there引导的倒装句中的主语 由here或there引导的倒装句中，主语不止一个时，谓语动词的单复数形式通常和邻近的主语保持一致。试比较：‎ ‎        There is a pen and some books on the desk. 桌上有一支钢笔和几本书。‎ ‎      There are some books and a pen on the desk. 桌子上有几本书和一支钢笔。‎ ‎3. “more than one+可数名词单数”与“many a +可数名词单数”作主语 ‎“more than one+可数名词单数”与“many a +可数名词单数”作主语时，在意义上都是复数，但谓语动词要用单数形式，这是由与其邻近的单数名词所决定的。如：‎ ‎         Many a student has failed in the exam. 很多学生考试不及格。‎ ‎        You may find you have more than one strong learning style which is a bonus…‎ 你或许会发现自己拥有不只一种较强的学习方法，这是一件好事……‎ 如第10小题中属于there be句型，谓语动词的单复数形式通常和邻近的主语保持一致。遵循就近原则，故填is。‎ 第七节：改错（满分10分）‎ ‎81.假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。错误涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。‎ 增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（∧），并在其下面写出该加的词。‎ 删除：多余的词用斜线（）划掉。‎ 修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。‎ 注意：1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；‎ ‎2.只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。‎ A great Japanese warrior decided to attack the enemy although he had only one-tenth number of men his enemy had. He believed that he would win, and his soldiers were in doubts. On the way he stopped at a temple and told his men, “After I visit to the temple I will toss (抛) a coin. If heads come, we will win; if tails, we will lose.” He came out and tossed a coin. Heads appeared. His soldiers were very eager to fight that they won their battle easy. “No one can change the hand of destiny,” her assistant told him after the battle. “Indeed not,” he said, showing the coin which has been tossed, with heads faced either way.‎ ‎【答案】1. one-tenth 与number之间加the ‎2.and→but ‎3.doubts→doubt ‎4.to删掉 ‎5.come→comes ‎6.very→so ‎7.easy→easily ‎8.her→his ‎9.has→had ‎10.faced→facing ‎【解析】‎ ‎【分析】‎ 这是一篇记叙文。讲述了一位日本武士巧妙地鼓舞士气，最终赢得战争的故事。‎ ‎【详解】1.考查冠词。句意：一位伟大的日本武士决定进攻敌人，尽管他的人数只有敌人的十分之一。短语the number of“……的数目”为固定搭配，故one-tenth 与number之间加the。‎ ‎2.考查连词。句意：他相信他会赢，但他的士兵们还不确定。根据上下文语境为转折关系，故and改为but。‎ ‎3.考查固定搭配。短语in doubt“不能肯定的；有怀疑”为固定搭配，故doubts改为doubt。‎ ‎4.考查固定用法。句意：参观完寺庙后，我要抛硬币。visit为及物动词，后面能够直接跟宾语，故去掉to。‎ ‎5.考查动词时态。句意：如果正面朝上，我们就会赢;如果是反面，我们就输了。条件状语从句中，主语为一般将来时，从句用一般现在时表将来，本句中heads表示“正面”为单数名词，故come改为comes。‎ ‎6.考查固定句式。句意：他的士兵非常渴望战斗，所以他们轻易地赢得了战斗。固定句式very/so…that…“如此……以致于……”，so修饰形容词副词，very修饰名词。故very改为so。‎ ‎7.考查副词。修饰动词win应用副词，故easy改为easily。‎ ‎8.考查人称代词。句意：“没有人能改变命运之手，”他的助手在战斗结束后告诉他。根据全文语境可知武士是男性，故her改为his。‎ ‎9.考查动词时态。句意：“确实不是，”他说着，展示抛出去的硬币，硬币的两边都是正面。上文中硬币已经被抛出，且动作发生在武士说话之前，即发生在“过去的过去”应用过去完成时，故has改为had。‎ ‎10.考查with的复合结构。本句为with的复合结构，coin与face在逻辑上为主谓关系，故用现在分词作宾语补足语，faced改为facing。‎ ‎【点睛】With复合结构的构成 ‎ 它是由介词with或without+复合结构构成，复合结构作介词with或without的复合宾语，复合宾语中第一部分宾语由名词或代词充当，第二部分补足语由形容词、副词、介词短语、动词不定式或分词充当，分词可以是现在分词，也可以是过去分词。With结构构成方式如下： ‎ ‎1. with或without-名词/代词+形容词 ‎ ‎2. with或without-名词/代词+副词 ‎ ‎3. with或without-名词/代词+介词短语 ‎ ‎4. with或without-名词/代词+动词不定式 ‎ ‎5. with或without-名词/代词+分词 分析小题10的句子可知，本句为with的复合结构，coin与face在逻辑上为主谓关系，故用现在分词作宾语补足语，faced改为facing。‎ 第八节：书面表达（满分25分）‎ ‎82.为配合学校开展的垃圾分类工作，学生会向全校学生发出了“垃圾分类，从我做起”的倡议。请你代表学生会，用英语写一封倡议书，内容包括：‎ ‎1. 垃圾分类的做法；‎ ‎2. 垃圾分类的益处；‎ ‎3. 呼吁全体学生一起参加。‎ 注意：‎ ‎1. 词数100左右；‎ ‎2. 开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。‎ 参考词汇：垃圾分类garbage classification；厨余垃圾leftovers;‎ 废旧电池 used batteries Dear fellow students,‎ Our school has started a program of garbage classification.‎ ‎________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________‎ The Students’ Union ‎【答案】Dear fellow students,‎ Our school has started a program of garbage classification. Different kinds of garbage are required to be sorted out and placed in different dustbins. Paper can be recycled, while leftovers can be collected as food for pigs or processed as fertilizer for plants. Above all, such harmful things as plastics and used batteries should not be mixed with other wastes.‎ The program is of great benefit. We will be able to save resources by making use ‎ of recyclable garbage and harmful things will not pollute our environment after special treatment.‎ Let’s work together for a better campus!‎ The Students’ Union ‎【解析】‎ ‎【分析】‎ 本文是一篇提纲类作文，内容较为简单。要求考生以学生会的名义给全体学生用英语写一封倡议书，要用一般现在时为主的时态，以第一人称为主的人称。文章的要点都已经给出来，写作时切忌逐句翻译，一定要用合适的连词连接各要点，使之成为整体。同时尽量使用多样化的句式，让文章有变化；争取使用较多的高级词汇和语法结构，提升文章的层次，最后要注意倡议书的格式。‎ ‎【详解】本篇范文结构完整，全文分为三段，显得条理清晰；同时包含了文字提示的所有要点，没有遗漏。文章使用了多样化的句式，如主动句和被动句的交替运用，让文章有层次感；同时文章中还运用了一些高级词汇，如of great benefit，a program of garbage classification，make use of等；不过这篇文章整体较为简单，范文的亮点不多。‎ ‎【点睛】写好提纲式作文的关键是认真审题和分析所给的提纲，因此考生首先要认真阅读前面的提示，认清写作要求和提纲之间的关系，然后确定文章的主题、文体、人称和时态。根据所给提纲，列出要点，并以此为基础充分发挥自己的想象力，灵活运用英语知识，采用不同的表达方式将各要点完整地表述出来，注意主次分明，详略得当。语言力求准确、简洁。根据情景的发展，按顺序安排好材料。同时应选用合适的连接词或过渡词，使文章具有一定的连贯性。考生必须认真查验是否有漏写情况，有无拼写错误及标点误用等。‎ ‎ ‎