冲刺2019年高考英语黄金考点解析解密23:书面表达

申明敬告: 本站不保证该用户上传的文档完整性,不预览、不比对内容而直接下载产生的反悔问题本站不予受理。

文档介绍

冲刺2019年高考英语黄金考点解析解密23:书面表达

考点详解 ‎ 书面表达是历年高考英语的重点主观测试题之一,它有利于考查学生运用英语语言知识的综合能力,这种综合能力包括从单词拼写、词语搭配、词法结构到语法,从遣词造句、把握要领、谋篇布局到修辞风格等。该题在英语卷中占25分,约占全卷分值17%,是重要题型。而在听、说、读、写四项技能中,“写”是最令学生头疼的,有些学生对书面表达题束手无策,无从下手。因此,在高中阶段尤其是在高三备考阶段的英语教学中,如何进行有针对性的强化训练和学法指导,培养学生的英语书面表达能力是极为重要的。‎ ‎【题型分析】 ‎ ‎ 高考书面表达旨在考查学生的书面运用语言的能力,那么高考书面表达究竟怎么考、考什么: ‎ ‎1.历年高考书面表达题均属材料小作文。提供要点的方式从严格意义上说只有两种:一是用文字提供材料; ‎ ‎ 二是用文字说明加图画(表)的方式提供材料。无论哪种方式,都给考生提供了自由发挥的巨大空间,同时 ‎ 也能够有效地区分不同考生应用语言的能力。 ‎ ‎2.从表达的体裁和题材方面看,大部分体裁及题材都非常贴近考生的生活实际,突出考查考生用简短、通 ‎ 顺、得体的一小段文字与外界定流、解决实际问题的能力。同时也充分体现了《大纲》和《考纲》对“写”‎ ‎ 所提出的要求。‎ ‎3.主要考查考生以下几种能力:‎ ‎(1)观察和概括能力:要求考生观察情景所提供的内容,分析、提炼要点,理顺要点,概括考题所要求表达 ‎ 的全部意思。‎ ‎(2)运用能力:要求考灵活运用词汇和句型,正确地遣词造句、连句成文进行有效的信息表达与传递。‎ ‎(3)逻辑思维能力:要求考生认真思考,选择正确的表达形式,正确使用结构词和过渡句,使表达的要点之 ‎ 间有很强的逻辑性,浑然一体。‎ ‎(4)书写能力:要求考生认真工整地书写卷面,良好的书写能给人以美感。‎ ‎【真题分析】‎ 近几年高考课标卷书面表达情况一览表:‎ 试卷 年份 命题 体裁 话题 类型 形式 卷I ‎2014‎ 文字+图表 应用文+书信 暑假期间去英国学习英语,为期六周。广告引起了你的注意。请给该校写一封信,询问有关情况。‎ ‎2015‎ 提纲式 应用文+书信 校英文报"外国文化"栏目拟刊登介绍美国节日风俗和中学生生活的短文。请给美国朋友彼得写信约稿。‎ ‎2016‎ 开放式 应用文+书信 暑假想去一家外贸公司兼职,已写好申请书和个人简历(resume)。给外教Mr Jenkins 写信,请她帮你修改所附材料的文字和格式(format)。‎ ‎2017‎ 提纲式 应用文+电子邮件 假定你是李华,正在教你的英国朋友Leslie学习汉语。请你写封邮件告知下次上课的计划。‎ 卷II ‎2014‎ 提纲式 说明文 英语报社向中学生征文,主题是"十年后的我"。‎ ‎2015‎ 提纲式 应用文+邮件 计划和同学去敬老院(nursing home)陪老人们过重阳节(the Double Ninth Festival)。请给外教Lucy写封邮件,邀她一同前往。‎ ‎2016‎ 提纲式 应用文+书信 校摄影俱乐部(photography club)将举办国际中学摄影展。请给你的英国朋友Peter写封信。请他提供作品。‎ ‎2017‎ 提纲式 应用文+电子邮件 想邀请外教Henry一起参观中国剪纸(paper-cutting)艺术展。‎ 卷III ‎2016‎ 提纲式 说明文 与留学生朋友Bob约好一起去书店,因故不能赴约。请给他写封邮件。‎ ‎2017‎ 提纲式 应用文+电子邮件 你所在的校乒乓球队正在招收新队员。请给你的留学生朋友Eric写封邮件邀请他加入 通过以上分析不难看出,在命题指向和规律上,全国卷书面表达有以下几个明显的特点: ‎ ‎1. 写作形式:仍为半控制性、半开放式写作,以提纲方式呈现材料,词数100左右; ‎ ‎2. 写作体裁:命题仍然是多年来沿用的书信或电子邮件,交际性、应用性强; ‎ ‎3. 写作话题:贴近现实和学生生活实际,学生比较熟悉,以第一人称写作为主,话题场景性和真实性突出,体现中外交流和"正能量"; ‎ ‎4. 写作手法:介绍性说明占主体(说明时间、地点、原因、过程等),辅以交际性应用(解决"现实"生活中的实际问题)。 ‎ ‎【常见错误】‎ ‎1.审题不清,要点不全。考生错写或缺写要点现象较普遍。 ‎ ‎2.缺乏逻辑性。不少考生只重视将意思说清楚,而不重视句与句之间的连接。 ‎ ‎3.语言缺乏规范性。习惯性的出现汉语式英语。不熟悉五种基本旬式。 ‎ ‎4.写作过程中出现的常见错误。’ ‎ ‎(1)3C体错误。‎ ‎(2)人称不一致。有些作文的人称一会儿he,一会儿I,一会儿they。‎ ‎(3)动词的基本时态前后不一致,现在时,过去时和将来时混用,游移不定。第三人称一般现在时态忘了加-s/-es。‎ ‎(4)错用句型。‎ ‎(5)错用非谓语形式。‎ ‎(6)词义、词性、词形混淆,如把形容词用作动词。‎ ‎(7)无合适的开头和’结尾。‎ ‎(8)单词拼写基本功差。 ‎ ‎【应试策略】‎ ‎1.审题 ‎ ‎ 动笔之前,必须认真审题,分析命题意图。有的考生唯恐时间不够,急于成文,不认真审题,结果写出的文章抓不住重点,杂乱无章,缺乏逻辑性。其实审题的过程是一个思考加工的过程,并不是浪费时间。在审题的过程中,考生可以根据题目确定文章体裁,考虑文章结构,内容。把与题目有关的材料分析、整理加以取舍,这样初步形成这篇文章的大致框架,这在很大程度上关系到整篇文章的成败。 ‎ ‎2.拟提纲抓要点,列提纲。依据格式要求和内容提示,分清主次,理顺关系,抓住要点,列出提纲。因考 ‎ 试时间有限,宜用简易英文提纲。 ‎ ‎(1)文章的主要要点要有逻辑地结合起来,使其结构严谨,内容连贯,层次分明,分好段落,设计好文章的 ‎ 开头和结尾。同时要有意在句子之间使用一些过渡性词语(比如表示因果、条件、时间等逻辑关系的词汇 ‎ 或结构)。高考高分作文的共性就是有效地使用了语句间的连接成分,使全文结构紧凑,意思连贯,给人 ‎ 以一气呵成之感。恰当地使用过渡词可以使文章结构紧凑,过渡自然,避负脱节现象。 ‎ ‎(2)语言表达。新的评分标准鼓励学生尽量使用较复杂的结构和高级词汇。语言要准确,长短句结合。学着 ‎ 使用一些高级词汇,为文章增色。评价一篇文章的好坏,一条重要的原则就是“上下文连贯”,要让评卷者 ‎ 有一种通篇流畅、一气呵成的感觉。可采用下列策略: ‎ ‎①使用高级语法与句型,如,名词性从句,分词作状语和定语,还有如不定式、强调句、感叹句、倒装句。‎ ‎ 常见词的复合结构,如“with+复合宾语结构”等等,这些形式来提高文章的档次,写出亮点句子。 ‎ ‎②使用过渡性词汇,增加文章的逻辑性与连贯性。因为过度词可使文章结构更紧凑,上下文更连贯,逻辑 ‎ 性、可读性更强。比如常见的过渡性词语有表列举的first,second,third,next,then等等;表因果的because ‎ ‎ of,thanks to等。 ‎ ‎③为了避免重复和连接上下文,多用指代词。对于出现过的非关键次和短语,常用指代词来代替,保持文 ‎ 章的简洁,使文章跟紧凑。 ‎ ‎3.修改 ‎ ‎ 写完之后,一定要认真仔细地修改。可遵循下列修改校对的方法: ‎ ‎(1)检查格式,内容要点。 ‎ ‎(2)检查句子时态、语态是否正确,结构是否完整。 ‎ ‎(3)检查大小写、单词拼写是否正确,书写要工整认真。通过这样的检查过程,能够最大程度的减少错误的 ‎ 发生,从而减少人为失分。‎ 检测训练 题组一 2017年真题在线 Writing 1 (2017·新课标全国卷I)‎ ‎ 假定你是李华,正在教你的英国朋友Leslie学习汉语。请你写封邮件告知下次上课的计划。内容包括:‎ ‎(1)时间和地点;‎ ‎(2)内容:学习唐诗;‎ ‎(3)课前准备:简要了解唐朝的历史。‎ 注意:‎ ‎1. 词数100左右;‎ ‎2. 可以适当增加细节,以使行文连贯。‎ ‎____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎____________________________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎____________________________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎【参考范文】‎ Dear Leslie,‎ I am very happy that you have made great progress in learning Chinese and you are interested in Chinese culture. Now I'll tell you the next learning programme. On July 20, we are going to learn poems of the Tang Dynasty which you are interested in in the Lecture Hall. As a foreign learner, it is difficult for you to understand the true meaning and the culture of them. Therefore, before class, you can read some books related to the history of the Tang Dynasty to better appreciate the poems. ‎ Be sure to go to the Lecture Hall on time. You cannot miss the wonderful poems.‎ Best wishes.‎ Yours,‎ Li Hua Writing 2 (2017·新课标全国卷II)‎ 假定你是李华,想邀请邀请外教Henry一起参观中国剪纸(paper-cutting)艺术展。请给他写封邮件,内容包括:‎ ‎1.展览时间、地点;‎ ‎2.展览内容。‎ 注意:‎ ‎1.词数100左右;‎ ‎2.可以适当增加细节,以使行文连贯。‎ ‎____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎【参考范文】‎ Dear Henry,‎ I'm Li Hua, one of your students in your cultural class. I know you're interested in one of Chinese traditional art forms—papercutting. So I invite you to attend an exhibition of it. ‎ It'll be held from June 10 to July 10 this year and the opening time is from 9:00 am to 7:00 pm from Monday to Saturday and the place of the exhibition is at the City Gallery, which is located at 118, Jian Guo Road, Hai Dian District. Shall we go there together this Friday afternoon? I will meet you at 2:00 pm at the teaching building gate if you like. ‎ You know we Chinese have a lot of traditional art forms, of which papercutting is one of the most popular. In the exhibition, you will enjoy many special kinds of papercuttings. Maybe you can learn one or two skills of the cutting. ‎ Looking forward to your early reply.‎ Regards, ‎ Li Hua 学生有话可说。考生成文时应注意:‎ ‎3. 人称:第一人称。‎ ‎4. 注意恰当使用一些连词,使文章自然、流畅。5. 适当使用一些高级词汇和句型以提高作文档次。‎ Writing 3 (2017·新课标全国卷III)‎ 假定你是李华。你所在的校乒乓球队正在招收新队员。请给你的留学生朋友Eric写封邮件邀请他加入,内容包括:‎ ‎1.球队活动;‎ ‎2.报名方式及截止日期。‎ 注意:‎ ‎1.词数100左右;‎ ‎2.可以适当增加细节,以使行文连贯。‎ ‎____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎【参考范文】‎ Dear Eric,‎ I am Li Hua. I am writing to invite you to join the table tennis team in our school. It is known that we can benefit a lot from playing table tennis. It can prevent us from getting shortsighted and it can keep us physically healthy. As to the activities, we plan to invite experienced players to giving training to us every Friday afternoon. At the same time, we will divide the members into several groups to practice at 5:00pm after school. ‎ If you are interested, sign up on our school website before August 10.‎ I’m looking forward to your reply.‎ Yours,‎ Li Hua Writing 4(2017·天津卷)‎ 假设你是李津,与你以前的外籍教师Mrs. Green 一直保持联系。近日她来信询问你的近况,请根据以下提示给她回复一封邮件。‎ ‎ (1)简要介绍自己的学习和生活;‎ ‎(2)告知你已成为八月底在津举办的第十三届全运会的志愿者,并介绍为此所做的准备(如深入了解天津等);‎ ‎(3)希望她有机会重访天津。‎ 注意:‎ ‎ (1)词数不少于100;‎ ‎(2)可适当加入细节,使内容充实、行文连贯;‎ ‎(3)开头已给出,不计入总词数。‎ 参考词汇:第十三届全运会 the 13th National Games Dear Mrs. Green,‎ I’m glad to hear from you. ___________________________________________________________________‎ ‎________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________‎ Yours,‎ Li Jin ‎【参考范文】‎ Dear Mrs Green,‎ I'm so glad to hear from you. In your last letter, you asked me about my study and life. I'm very pleased to tell you that I have made great progress in my spoken English since you left. As for my life, I take exercise regularly and do more outdoor activities, which builds up my body and character as well. ‎ I have good news to tell you that I have been chosen to be a volunteer in the coming 13th National Games to be held in Tianjin at the end of August. To be a qualified volunteer, I made some preparations. I interviewed many people from all walks of life, which improved and deepened my understanding of Tianjin. ‎ I hope you can revisit Tianjin if you have a chance. Looking forward to seeing you again. ‎ Yours,‎ Li Jin 题组二 2016年真题在线 Writing1 (2016·新课标全国卷I)‎ ‎ 假定你是李华,暑假想去一家外资公司兼职,已写好申请书和个人简历(resume)。给外教Ms Jenkins写信,请她帮你修改所附材料的文字和格式(format)。‎ 注意:‎ ‎1.词数100左右;‎ ‎2.可以适当增加细节,以使行文连贯。‎ ‎____________________________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎____________________________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎____________________________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎____________________________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎____________________________________________________________________________________________‎ Writing2 (2016·新课标全国卷Ⅱ)‎ ‎ 假定你是李华,你校摄影俱乐部(photography club)将举办国际中学生摄影展。请给你的英国朋友Peter写封信,请他提供作品。信的内容包括:‎ ‎1.主题:环境保护;‎ ‎2.展览时间;‎ ‎3.投稿邮箱:intlphotoshowgmschool.com。‎ 注意:‎ ‎1.词数100左右;‎ ‎2.可以适当增加细节,以使行文连贯。‎ ‎________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________‎ Writing3 (2016·新课标全国卷Ⅲ)‎ ‎ 假定你是李华,与留学生朋友Bob约好一起去书店,因故不能赴约。请给他写封邮件,内容包括:‎ ‎1.表示歉意;‎ ‎2.说明原因;‎ ‎3.另约时间。‎ 注意:‎ ‎1.词数100左右;‎ ‎2.可以适当增加细节,以使行文连贯。‎ ‎___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎___________________________________________________________________________________________‎ Writing4 (2016·天津卷)‎ ‎ 假设你是晨光中学的学生会主席李津。一批来自英国的高中生与你校学生开展了为期两周的交流活动。现在,他们即将回国,你将在欢送会上致辞。请根据以下提示写一篇发言稿。‎ ‎(1)回顾双方的交流活动(如学习、生活、体育、文艺等方面);‎ ‎(2)谈谈收获或感想;‎ ‎(3)表达祝愿与期望。‎ 注意:‎ ‎(1)词数不少于100;‎ ‎(2)可适当加入细节,使内容充实、行文连贯;‎ ‎(3)开头和结尾已给出,不计入总词数。‎ Dear friends,‎ ‎ How time flies!_____________________________________________________________________‎ ‎______________________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎______________________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎_____________________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎_____________________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎_____________________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎____________________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎____________________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎ Thank you.‎ Writing5 (2016·四川卷)‎ 某中学生英文报正举办"The Season I Like Best"的征文活动,请用英文写一篇短文投稿,内容应包括:‎ ‎1.你最喜欢的季节;‎ ‎2.你喜欢该季节的两条理由(如:气候、景色、活动、感受……)。‎ 注意:‎ ‎1.词数100左右;‎ ‎2.题目已为你写好;‎ ‎3.行文连贯,语篇完整;‎ ‎4.文中不得透露个人真实信息。‎ ‎_______________________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎_______________________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎_______________________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎_______________________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎_______________________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎_______________________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎_______________________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎_______________________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎ ‎ 题组三 名校模拟 Writing 1‎ ‎ 假定你是李华,最近收到了你的英国朋友Jacob的来信,得知他已被剑桥大学(the University of Cambridge)录取。请你写信向他表示祝贺,并就你在大学专业选择上遇到的困惑征求他的意见。内容包括:‎ ‎ 1.向Jacob表本祝贺;‎ ‎ 2.谈谈你在大学专业选择上的困惑;‎ ‎ 3.向对方征求意见和建议。‎ 注意:‎ ‎ 1.词数100左右;‎ ‎ 2.可以适当增加细节,以使行文连贯。‎ ‎____________________________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎____________________________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎____________________________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎____________________________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎____________________________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎____________________________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎____________________________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎____________________________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎____________________________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎____________________________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎____________________________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎____________________________________________________________________________________________‎ Writing 2‎ ‎ 当今,家长开车接送孩子上学的现象很是普遍。假如你是李华。上周五,你们班就该现象进行了激烈的讨论。请根据下列表格中提示的内容用英语写一篇短文,为《中学生英语报》投稿。‎ 赞成方 ‎1. 节省时间,孩子可以有足够的睡眠时间;‎ ‎2.可以舒适地吃早餐;‎ ‎3.有利于孩子的安全;‎ ‎4.增加家长与孩子的交流。‎ 反对方 ‎1. 造成交通堵塞;‎ ‎2.增加家长负担;‎ ‎3.孩子容易养成过分依赖家长,从长远看,不利于孩子的成长。‎ 你的观点 ‎……‎ 注意:‎ ‎1.字数:110左右;‎ ‎2.可以适当增加细节,以使行文连贯。‎ ‎_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________‎ Writing 3‎ ‎ 假定你是李华,你的英国网友Leslie不久要来中国留学,他想了解一些日常生活中和他人保持联系的方法。请你写信向他推荐微信(WeChat)软件,并期待他早日到来。‎ 内容包括:‎ ‎ 1.使用广泛;‎ ‎ 2.方便快捷;‎ ‎ 3.节省费用。‎ 注意:‎ ‎ 1.词数100左右;‎ ‎ 2.可适当增加细节,以使行文连贯。‎ ‎_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________‎ Writing 4‎ ‎ 假设你是李华,你的英国朋友Jim在给你的邮件中提到对中国文化感兴趣,因此你推荐他观看“中国诗词大会”(Chinese Poetry Competition)这档电视节目。请你给Jim回一封电子邮件,内容包括:‎ ‎ 1.介绍该节目播出时间和电视频道:(每周五晚8:05,CCTV1);‎ ‎ 2.简单介绍中国诗词;‎ ‎ 3.说明推荐的理由。‎ 注意:‎ ‎ 1.词数不少于50;‎ ‎ 2.开头和结尾已给出,不记入总词数。‎ Dear Jim,‎ ‎____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________‎ Yours,‎ Li Hua ‎ If you want to know more, please let me know.‎ Yours,‎ Li Hua Writing 5‎ ‎ 假如你是李华,最近你所在的城市设立了“汉字书写日”。你的美国笔友John对此很感兴趣,写信向你询问。请根据以下要点给他回一封信。内容包括:‎ ‎1.设立原因:人们提笔忘字,写汉字机会减少;‎ ‎2.日期:9月28日,孔子(Confucius)诞辰;‎ ‎3.活动:书法(calligraphy)竞赛及展览等。‎ 注意:‎ ‎1.词数100左右;‎ ‎2.可以适当增加细节,以使行文连贯;‎ ‎3.开头和结尾已给出,不计入总词数。‎ Dear John,‎ ‎ I’m writing to tell you something about it Chinese Character Writing Day in our city. __________________‎ ‎____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎ You are welcome to join US.‎ Yours,‎ Li Hua ‎【参考范文】‎ Dear John,‎ ‎ I’m writing to tell you something about Chinese Character Writing Day in our city.‎ ‎ With the popularity of mobile phones, computers and the Internet, many people have few opportunities to write in daily life. Consequently, people tend to forget how to write Chinese ‎ characters when they have to. Therefore, a special day is needed to arouse people’s interest in Chinese characters and encourage people to write them more often. Moreover, it’s a good way to keep our traditional culture alive.‎ ‎ ‎
查看更多

相关文章

您可能关注的文档