【英语】2019届二轮复习语法专题冠词（8页word版）

【英语】2019届二轮复习语法专题冠词（8页word版）

‎2019届二轮复习语法专题冠词 不定冠词的用法及固定搭配 ‎1．不定冠词的基本用法 ‎(1)表示类指，或指某类中的“任何一个”。‎ A virus is a very small living thing that causes disease.‎ 病毒是一种引发疾病的微生物。‎ ‎(2)表示泛指。当说话人第一次提及某人或某物时通常用不定冠词，因此由不定冠词构成的名词词组往往带有不确定的含义，相当于“a certain”。‎ The story happened in a small town in Victoria.‎ 故事发生在维多利亚的一个小镇上。‎ ‎(3)表示量指。不定冠词表示“一”这个数量，但数的概念没有one强烈。‎ I watch TV for six or seven hours a day.‎ 我一天要看六七个小时的电视。‎ ‎(4)表示“每一”，相当于per，用在表示价格、速度、频率等的短语中。‎ Prices start at ￡‎13.95 a yard for printed cotton.‎ 印花棉布以每码13.95英镑的价格起售。‎ ‎(5)表示“同一，相同”，相当于“the same”。‎ They happen to be of an age and wear clothes of a color.‎ 他们碰巧同龄而且穿着同样颜色的衣服。‎ ‎2．不定冠词用于固定搭配中 as a result因此，结果　　　　 as a rule通常 as a whole大体上 as a matter of fact事实上 at a loss不知所措 in a hurry匆忙 ‎ in a word总之 in a sense在某种意义上 ‎ in a way在某种程度上 in a short while不久 keep an eye on照看，留意 pay a visit to拜访 put an end to结束 once in a while偶尔 once upon a time从前 all of a sudden突然 be on a diet节食 have a gift for在某方面有天赋 have/catch a cold感冒 make a living谋生 have/take a rest休息 give sb. a lift让某人搭便车 ‎[命题点感悟]　　考什么·考多少·怎么考 ‎ Ⅰ.单句语法填空 ‎①(2017·全国卷Ⅰ) When fat and salt are removed from food, the food tastes as if it is missing something. As _________ result, people will eat more food to try to make up for that something missing.‎ 解析：a　as a result为固定搭配，意为“结果”。‎ ‎②(2017·全国卷Ⅲ)Instead, she is earning ￡‎6,500 a day as ________ model in New York.‎ 解析：a　此处意为“作为纽约的一名模特”，在单数可数名词model前应该使用不定冠词a，表示“一，一名”。‎ ‎③(2017·浙江高考)For Pahlsson, its return was _______wonder.‎ 解析：a　wonder为可数名词，表示“奇迹，奇事”，此处为泛指，故要用不定冠词a。‎ ‎④(2016·全国卷Ⅱ)Give your body and brain a rest by stepping outside for _______ while, exercising, or doing something you enjoy.‎ 解析：a　for a while为固定搭配，意为“一会儿”。‎ Ⅱ.单句改错 ‎①(2017·全国卷Ⅱ)They live far from the school, and it takes them about a hour and a half to go to work every day.‎ 解析：第一个a→an/one　hour的读音以元音音素开头，且是可数名词，所以表示一个小时用an/one hour。‎ ‎②(2015·浙江高考)On the right side of the class was the road.I was always interested to see the drivers in hurry in the morning.‎ 解析：hurry前加a　in a hurry“匆匆忙忙”，为固定短语。‎ ‎③(2014·陕西高考)That day I didn't learn much about animals, insects or trees, but I learnt a impressive lesson about gravity!‎ 解析：a→an　此处意为“学到了印象深刻的一课”，故用不定冠词表示泛指；impressive的读音以元音音素开头，故a应改为an。‎ 定冠词the的用法及固定搭配 ‎1．定冠词the的用法 ‎(1)表示特指的人或物，或者双方都知道的或心中都明白的人或物，或者指上文已经提到过的人或事物。‎ Do you know the man standing at the gate of the door?‎ 你认识那个站在门口的人吗？‎ ‎(2)用在世界上独一无二的名词前。‎ The earth goes around the sun.‎ 地球围绕太阳转。‎ ‎(3)用于序数词、形容词的最高级前。‎ Is this the first time you have visited Qingdao?‎ 这是你第一次游览青岛吗？‎ China‎ is one of the richest countries in natural resources in the world.‎ 在自然资源方面，中国是世界上最富有的国家之一。‎ ‎(4)用在表示姓氏的复数名词之前，表示一家人或夫妻俩；或用于形容词/分词前，表示一类人或物。‎ the wounded 伤员　the rich 富人 ‎(5)用在逢十的年代前，表示“在某世纪几十年代”。‎ in the 1990's在20世纪90年代 ‎(6)用在“by＋the＋单位计量词”中。‎ I hired the car by the hour.‎ 我按小时租车。‎ ‎(7)用在表示身体部位的名词前，表示“打、抓住某人身体的某个部位”。‎ The police caught the thief by the arm.‎ 警察抓住了小偷的胳膊。‎ ‎(8)与形容词或副词的比较级连用，一般用于以下两种情况： ‎ ‎①用于“the＋比较级．..，the＋比较级．..”结构中，表示“越……越……”之意。‎ The more we do for the people, the happier we'll be.‎ 我们为人民做得越多就越幸福。‎ ‎②用在“the＋比较级＋of the two”结构中，表示“两个中较……的一个”。‎ She is the taller of the two girls.‎ 她是两个女孩子中个子较高的那一个。‎ ‎2．定冠词the用于固定搭配中 make the most/best of充分利用　 in the end最后 by the way顺便说一下 in the distance在远处 in the way挡道 on the whole总的来说 at the same time同时 on the other hand另一方面 ‎ to tell the truth说实话 for the time being暂时 ‎ on the spot在现场 not in the least一点也不 the other day前几天 take the place of代替 at the moment此刻，目前 to the point中肯，切题 in the middle of在……中间 all the best一切顺利 ‎ ‎ ‎[命题点感悟]　　考什么·考多少·怎么考 ‎ Ⅰ.单句语法填空 ‎①(2017·全国卷Ⅱ)This included digging up the road, laying the track and then building a strong roof over _______ top.‎ 解析：the　top是名词，前面要用冠词，此处特指在(地铁的)顶部建造一个结实的顶，所以用定冠词the。‎ ‎②(2016·全国卷Ⅰ)The nursery team switches him every few days with his sister so that while one is being bottlefed, ________ other is with mum — she never suspects.‎ 解析：the　此处表示双胞胎大熊猫中的另一只，两者之间的“另一个”应该使用the other。‎ ‎③(2015·全国卷Ⅱ)The adobe dwellings (土坯房) built by the Pueblo Indians of the American Southwest are admired by even________ most modern of architects and engineers.‎ 解析：the　在形容词最高级的前面用定冠词the。‎ ‎④(2014·广东高考)She apologized for the mistake and gave us a spare VIP room on________ top floor.‎ 解析：the　on the top floor为固定搭配，意为“在顶层”。‎ Ⅱ.单句改错 ‎①(2017·全国卷Ⅰ)I still remember how hard first day was.‎ 解析：first前加the/my　表示第几天，序数词前要加定冠词the或者用限定词进行修饰。‎ ‎②(2016·全国卷Ⅱ)But in that case, we will learn little about world.‎ 解析：world前加the　此处特指我们所生活的这个世界。‎ ‎③(2016·全国卷Ⅲ)At the first, I thought I knew everything and could make decisions by myself.‎ 解析：去掉the　at first “起初”，为固定短语。‎ ‎④(2015·全国卷Ⅰ)Now I am living in a city, but I miss my home in countryside. There the air is clean and the mountains are green.‎ 解析：countryside前加the　in the countryside“在乡村”，为固定短语。‎ ‎⑤(2014·全国卷Ⅱ)There are all kinds of the flowers and trees around the classroom buildings.‎ 解析：去掉第一个the　此处为泛指，不表示特指，故去掉the。‎ 零冠词的用法及固定搭配 ‎1．零冠词的用法 ‎(1)专有名词、物质名词、抽象名词、人名、地名等名词前，一般不加冠词。‎ He is living in Canada now.‎ 他现在住在加拿大。‎ ‎(2)季节、月份、星期、节日、假日、一日三餐前一般不加冠词。‎ We usually have breakfast at 7 o'clock.‎ 我们通常7点吃早饭。‎ ‎(3)在学科名称、球类运动、棋类游戏等名词前不用冠词。‎ He is fond of playing chess.‎ 他喜欢下棋。‎ ‎(4)表示头衔和职务的名词作表语、同位语或宾语补足语时，其前通常不用冠词。‎ Dr. Peter Spence, headmaster of the school, told us, “A fifth of pupils here go on to study at Oxford and Cambridge.” ‎ 这所学校的校长彼得·斯彭思博士告诉我们说：“这里五分之一的学生都会到牛津大学或者剑桥大学继续学习。”‎ ‎(5)用于与by连用的表示交通工具、通信工程的名词前。‎ Are you going there by plane or by ship?‎ 你是乘飞机还是乘船去那里？‎ ‎(6)系动词turn(变成)后跟单数名词作表语时不用冠词。‎ His brother has turned writer. ‎ 他弟弟已成为一名作家。‎ ‎(7)在as/though引导的部分倒装句中，“零冠词＋单数名词＋as/though＋主语＋谓语”意为“尽管……但是……”。‎ Hero as he is, he has some shortcomings.‎ 尽管他是个英雄，但是他也有一些缺点。‎ ‎2．零冠词用于固定搭配中 at present目前 　　　　　 take part in参加 ‎ in peace平静 by chance/accident碰巧 ‎ on purpose故意 on second thoughts再一想 ‎ ahead of time提前 in advance提前 ‎ by law根据法律 by mistake由于差错 ‎ under repair处于维修中 lose heart灰心 ‎ day and night整日整夜 from morning till night从早到晚 ‎ out of control失控 out of work失业 ‎ in danger处于危险之中 at risk有危险 ‎[专题过关训练] ‎ ‎[题点全面练]‎ Ⅰ.单句语法填空 ‎1．(2018·广州模拟)And it evaluates how well you combine your listening, reading, speaking and writing skills (skill) to perform academic tasks.‎ ‎2．(2018·武邑中学模拟)Many of these had benefited from the government's special new policies encouraging people to start their own businesses (business)．‎ ‎3．(2018·汕头模拟)My immediate excitement gave in to excuses (excuse) as the weeks passed.‎ ‎4．“Start out at that end，” she said “Just go along the line and pick out what you want.At the_other end they'll tell you how much you have to pay.”‎ ‎5．(2018·河北定州中学模拟)The teacher decided to teach us a very important lesson.‎ ‎6．(2018·湖北省十校联考)It is a common mistake for students to present something as a proven fact when it is actually an opinion. ‎ Ⅱ.单句改错 ‎1．(2018·集宁一中模拟)A lot of informations can be stored in it. informations→information ‎2．(2018·揭阳模拟)Personally, I think teachers and parents should take measure to limit their children's Internet time. measure→measures ‎3．(2018·湛江模拟)I am Li Hua. This is my last year of high school, and I'll graduate this summer. I'm eighteen year old.第二个year→years ‎4．(2018·潮州模拟)You should follow the doctor's advices and give up smoking.advices→advice ‎5．Antarctica, coldest place on Earth, is the fifth largest continent in the world.coldest前加the ‎6．When my father bought me a computer as birthday present last year, I felt very excited. as后加a ‎7．(2018·湖南石门一中模拟)The camp is at a bottom of a mountain close to a beautiful river. 第一个a→the ‎8．(2018·九江模拟)Sam has been appointed the manager of the engineering department to take the place of George.去掉第一个the Ⅲ.运用语法写靓句 ‎1．被邀请来参加这次聚会我深感荣幸。(consider, honor)‎ I_consider_it_a_great_honor_to_be_invited_to_this_party. ‎ ‎2．结果试验成功了。(turn out, success)‎ It_turned_out_that_the_experiment_was_a_success. ‎ ‎3．建于20世纪50年代末，我们学校有将近60年历史。(set up, history)‎ Set_up_in_the_late_1950s,_our_school_has_a_history_of_nearly_60_years. ‎ ‎4．都说老师们过着简朴的生活，但我认为当老师很有意义。(be said to, live, meaningful)‎ Teachers_are_said_to_live_a_simple_life,_but_I_think_being_a_teacher_is_meaningful.‎ ‎5．张华，我们班的班长，昨天被选为我们学校的学生会主席。(monitor, elect, the Students' Union)‎ Zhang_Hua,_monitor_of_our_class,_was_elected_chairman_of_the_Students'_Union_of_our_school_yesterday.‎ ‎6．他月收入上万，过着富裕的生活。(with, income, live)‎ With an income of more than ten thousand yuan a month, he lives a rich life.‎ ‎[语篇综合练]‎ Ⅰ.语法填空 ‎(2018·深圳模拟)The tea culture of China is __1__ (amaze) and has a long history.Tea drinking was widespread in China for about one thousand years before __2__ (appear) in Europe.‎ Tea drinking in China enjoys wide popularity.Many people nowadays go to expensively decorated teahouses __3__ (talk) business.However, tea drinking is very complex.Many factors contribute to __4__ enjoyable experience.It starts with the surroundings.In the past, tea drinking took place in a setting __5__ “spring water runs oil marble”．At present, in order to create such atmosphere, teahouses __6___ (decorate) with traditional paintings and furniture.Besides, there is always a __7__ (perform) of a traditional Chinese musical instrument, such as the guzheng, pipa and erhu.‎ Black tea, together __8__ green tea, oolong tea and pu'er tea __9__ (rank) the top four favourites.The first three types of tea are processed using similar methods but pu'er tea uses a __10__ (total) different method.‎ ‎1．amazing　应用形容词形式作表语，amazing“令人吃惊的”。‎ ‎2．appearing　介词before后应用动名词形式。‎ ‎3．talking/to talk　此处表示伴随或目的，故用现在分词或动词不定式。‎ ‎4．an　experience此处作“经历”讲，为可数名词，用不定冠词表示泛指；又因enjoyable 的读音是以元音音素开头的单词，故用an。‎ ‎5．where　先行词为setting，在定语从句中关系词作地点状语，故用where。‎ ‎6．are decorated　主语teahouses与decorate之间为被动关系，根据时间状语“At present”可知应用一般现在时的被动语态。‎ ‎7．performance　不定冠词后应用名词形式。‎ ‎8．with　together with为固定搭配，意为“与……一起”。‎ ‎9．ranks　together with连接名词作主语时，谓语动词与第一个名词保持一致，故此处的动词用第三人称单数。‎ ‎10．totally　修饰形容词different应用副词形式。‎ Ⅱ.短文改错 ‎(2018·珠海模拟)Last Sunday, I joined the voluntary group to help keep the traffic in good order at a big crossing near our school. At 8：‎00 a．m., we arrived there, wore red vests with the word VOLUNTEER on the back. We helped with the police remind the passersby to obey traffic rule. To our delighted, they all waited for the green light patient except one motorbiker. We also give out some handmade brochures about traffic regulations, for that many people praised us. About 4 hours later, they said goodbye to the police and left. Tired as we were, we all felt an honor to do our parts.‎ 答案：第一句：第一个the→a 第二句：wore→wearing 第三句：去掉with; rule→rules 第四句：delighted→delight; patient→patiently 第五句：give→gave; that→which 第六句：they→we 第七句：felt后加it