北京市海淀区首都师范大学附属中学2020届高三下学期入学考试英语试题

北京市海淀区首都师范大学附属中学2020届高三下学期入学考试英语试题

北京市海淀区首师附中 2019-2020 学年度第二学期入学考试 高三英语试卷 考试时间 120 分钟满分 120 分 第二部分：知识运用（共两节，45 分）‎ 第一节 语法填空（共 10 小题；每小题 1.5 分，共 15 分）‎ A 阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写 1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。‎ Which sea animal is ___1___ (good) at escaping? The answer may be the octopus(章鱼). An octopus’ body is very soft. There are no bones in it. The small animal has just two little hard parts in ___2___ (it) mouth. So it can go into very small spaces. An octopus weighing about ‎230g can pass ___3___ a ‎2.5cm-wide hole.‎ ‎【答案】1. best ‎ ‎2. its 3. through ‎【解析】‎ 本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了最擅长逃跑的海洋动物---章鱼。‎ ‎【1题详解】‎ 考查副词最高级。句意：哪一种海洋动物最擅长于逃跑呢？根据句意可知此处应用最高级，be best at是be good at的最高级形式，意为：最擅长于……。故填best。‎ ‎【2题详解】‎ 考查形容词性物主代词。句意：这种小动物只是在嘴里有两个很小的坚硬部分。根据后面的名词mouth可知前面应用形容词性物主代词，用its意为:章鱼的…。故填its。‎ ‎【3题详解】‎ 考查介词。句意：体重达到‎230克的一只章鱼可以穿过2.5厘米宽的洞。根据句意可知此处考查短语pass through“穿过”。故填through。‎ B 阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写 1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。‎ I lost my wallet after going shopping last Friday evening. But I didn’t realize it was missing until ‎ five hours later. I couldn’t remember ___4___ I lost it. I stayed up all night and worried about my wallet. The next day, I went back to the shops that I___5___ (visit) and asked about my wallet. A manager at one store came over and said, “Someone turned this in last night. We thought you might come back to look for it,___6___ we kept it for you.”‎ ‎【答案】4. where ‎ ‎5. had visited ‎ ‎6. so ‎【解析】‎ ‎【分析】‎ 本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者的钱包失而复得的经历。‎ ‎【4题详解】‎ 考查宾语从句。句意：但是直到五个小时之后我才意识到它丢了。我不记得把它丢哪里了。根据句意可知此处应填where来引导宾语从句。故填where。‎ ‎【5题详解】‎ 考查过去完成时。句意：第二天，我回到了之前去过的商店，询问我的钱包。我回到（went back）商店是一般过去时，之前去过应该用过去完成时，表“过去的过去”。故填had visited。‎ ‎【6题详解】‎ 考查连词。句意：我们想你很可能会回来找它，因此，我们一直为你保存着。根据句意可知，此处为因果关系，故用因果连词so连接两个并列句。故填so。‎ ‎【点睛】语法填空题的考查形式为：在一篇200词左右的语篇中留出10处空白，这十处空白分为两种：有提示词和不给提示词。有提示词的要求考生根据上下文填写所提供单词的正确形式，所填写词语通常不会多于3个单词。不给提示词主要填写介词、连词、冠词和代词。具体考查形式有以下几种：‎ 一、给出动词的基本形态：①词性、词形转化(转为名词、形容词)；②填写谓语动词（此时要考虑动词的时态和语态，可能需要填写两个或三个词）；③填写非谓语动词；‎ 如第2题，句意：第二天，我回到了之前去过的商店，询问我的钱包。我回到（went back）商店是一般过去时，之前去过应该用过去完成时，表“过去的过去”。故填had visited。‎ 二、给出形容词，①词性、词形转化，转化为副词；②考查形容词的比较级、最高级或是填写反义词(前缀)； ‎ 三、给出副词，考查副词的比较级、最高级或是反义词。‎ 四、不给提示词主要填写介词、连词、冠词和代词。如第3题，句意：我们想你很可能会回来找它，因此，我们一直为你保存着。根据句意可知，此处为因果关系，故用因果连词so连接两个并列句。故填so。‎ C 阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写 1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。‎ When I was a child, I was a picky eater. There were many ___7___ (food) that I didn’t like to eat. But there is one meal I have always loved: grilled（烤的）cheese and tomato soup. It’s just two pieces of toasted bread with cheese in the middle,___8___ (serve) with a bowl of tomato soup. This kind of food ___9___ (call) “comfort food”. “Comfort food” is simple, easy-to-make and delicious. It always ___10___ (taste) great. Your parents might make meals like this for you when you are not feeling well.‎ ‎【答案】7. foods ‎ ‎8. served 9. is called ‎ ‎10. tastes ‎【解析】‎ 本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了“comfort food”这一食品概念。‎ ‎【7题详解】‎ 考查名词复数。句意：我很挑剔。有很多食物我不喜欢吃。结合句意，根据前面的修饰词many可知此处应用复数。故填foods。‎ ‎【8题详解】‎ 考查过去分词作定语。句意：它就是两片烤面包，中间夹着奶酪，配以一碗西红柿汤。be served with意为：和……一起上。根据句意可知空后为过去分词作定语，相当于一个定语从句which is served with a bowl of tomato soup。故填served。‎ ‎【9题详解】‎ 考查被动语态。句意：这种食物被叫作“慰藉美食”。它简单，容易做而且美味。本句是解释现在存在的一种概念，结合句意可知应用一般现在时的被动语态。故填is called。‎ ‎【10题详解】‎ 考查一般现在时。句意：它总是品尝起来很棒。此处描述“Comfort food”的特征，且taste为感官系动词，无被动，结合主语It可知应用一般现在时的第三人称单数，此处应用故填tastes。‎ 第二节 完形填空(共 20 小题;每小题 1.5 分，共 30 分)‎ 阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑.‎ Dale Carnegie rose from the unknown of a Missouri farm to international fame because he found a way to fill a universal human need.‎ It was a need that he first____11____ back in 1906 when young Dale was a junior at State Teachers College in Warrensburg. To get an___12___ , he was struggling against many difficulties. His family was poor. His Dad couldn't afford the___13___ at college, so Dale had to ride horseback 12 miles to attend classes. Study had to be done ___14___ his farm-work routines. He withdrew from many school activities____15____ he didn't have the time or the ____16____. He had only one good suit. He tried ___17___ the football team. but the coach turned him down for being too___18___. During this period Dale was slowly ___19___ an inferiority complex (自卑感) , which his mother knew could____20____him from achieving his real potential. She___21___that Dale join the debating team, believing that___22___in speaking could give him the confidence and recognition that he needed.‎ Dale took his mother's advice, tried desperately and after several attempts___23___made it. This proved to be a ___24___ point in his life. Speaking before groups did help him gain the____25____ he needed. By the time Dale was a senior, he had won every top honor in ____26____ . Now other students were coming to him for coaching and they. ___27___ , were winning contests.‎ Out of this early struggle to ___28___ his feelings of inferiority, Dale came to understand that the ability to ___29___ an idea to an audience builds a person's confidence. And, ___30___ it, Dale knew he could do anything he wanted to do-and so could others.‎ ‎11. A. admitted B. filled C. recognized D. supplied ‎12. A. assignment B. instruction C. advantage D. education ‎13. A. board B. training C. teaching D. equipment ‎14. A. during B. between C. over D. through ‎15 A‎. while B. once C. though D. because ‎16. A. permits B. preparation C. clothes D. exploration ‎17. A. for B. on C. in D. With ‎18. A. flexible B. light C. Optimistic D. cautious ‎19. A. gaining B. achieving C. obtaining D. developing ‎20. A. protect B. prevent C. promote D. predict ‎21. A. demanded B. suggested C. inspected D. insisted ‎22. A. practice B. presence C. passion D. potential ‎23. A. hopefully B. immediately C. naturally D. finally ‎24. A. key B. breaking C. turning D. basic ‎25. A. progress B. experience C. confidence D. competence ‎26. A. speech B. football C. horse-riding D. farming ‎27. A. in return B. in turn C. in brief D. in fact ‎28. A. overcome B. convey C. approach D. possess ‎29. A. recommend B. stress C. contribute D. express ‎30 A‎. besides B. beyond C. with D. around ‎【答案】11. C 12. D 13. A 14. B 15. D 16. C 17. A 18. B 19. D 20. B 21. B 22. A 23. D 24. C 25. C 26. A 27. B 28. A 29. D 30. C ‎【解析】‎ 这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了戴尔.卡耐基年轻时因为家里很穷，不得不每天往返12英里求学，他没时间参加学校的活动，也总是被社团拒绝，慢慢开始自卑。后来他听从母亲的建议，学习演讲，从而获得自信，最终成为著名演说家的故事。文章告诉我们，我们的信心很重要，有了自信，我们就可以做到我们想做的任何事情。‎ ‎【11题详解】‎ 考查动词词义辨析。句意：1906年，年轻的戴尔还在沃尔伦斯堡的州立师范大学读三年级时，他首次认识到需要这样做。A. admitted承认；B. filled装满的；C. recognized认识到；D. supplied供给。根据句意可知，此处是指戴尔认识到了获得教育的必要性，故选C项。‎ ‎【12题详解】‎ 考查名词词义辨析。句意：为了得到教育，他和很多困难作斗争。A. assignment任务； B. instruction指导；C. advantage优势；D. education教育。根据下文的His family was poor. His Dad ‎ couldn't afford the___3___ at college, so Dale had to ride horseback 12 miles to attend classes可知戴尔渴望得到教育，故选D项。‎ ‎【13题详解】‎ 考查名词词义辨析。句意：他的父亲付不起大学的食宿费，因此他不得不骑马走12英里去上课。A. board食宿；B. training培训；C. teaching教育；D. equipment设备。根据下文的so Dale had to ride horseback 12 miles to attend classes.可知此处用“食宿”符合语境，故选A项。‎ ‎【14题详解】‎ 考查介词词义辨析。句意：学习必须在农活与农活之间的间隙完成。A. during在……期间；B. between在……之间；C. over在……期间；D. through经过。结合上下文可知，此处是指他要做农活，所以他的学习只能在农活的间隙完成，故选B项。‎ ‎【15题详解】‎ 考查连词词义辨析。句意：他退出了很多学校的活动，因为他没有时间或衣服。A. while当，尽管；B. once一旦；C. though尽管；D. because因为。根据句意可知，上下文是因果关系，故选D项。‎ ‎【16题详解】‎ 考查名词词义辨析。句意：同上。A. permits许可证；B. preparation准备；C. clothes衣服；D. exploration探索。根据下文的He had only one good suit.可知此处用“衣服”符合语境，clothes和suit是同义词复现，故选C项。‎ ‎【17题详解】‎ 考查介词词义辨析。句意：他争取参加足球队，但是教练因为他太轻了而拒绝了他。A. for为了；B. on关于，在……上；C. in在……里；D. with有，因为，随着。根据句意可知，此处考查短语try for“争取”，故选A项。‎ ‎【18题详解】‎ 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：同上。A. flexible灵活的；B. light轻的；C. optimistic乐观的；D. cautious谨慎的。结合上下文可知，此处是指戴尔太瘦了，而被教练拒绝，故选B项。‎ ‎【19题详解】‎ 考查动词词义辨析。句意：戴尔慢慢地养成了一种自卑感，她妈妈知道这可能会阻止他发挥他真正的潜力。A. gaining获得；B. achieving实现；C. obtaining获得；D. developing发展；养成。结合上下文可知，此处是指戴尔因为被教练拒绝，慢慢养成了自卑感，故选D项。‎ ‎【20题详解】‎ 考查动词词义辨析。句意：同上。A. protect保护；B. prevent阻止；C. promote提升，促进；D. predict预测。根据下文的believing that___12___in speaking could give him the confidence and recognition that he needed.可推测戴尔的妈妈担心自卑会阻止孩子潜力的发挥，故选B项。‎ ‎【21题详解】‎ 考查动词词义辨析。句意：她建议戴尔参加辩论队，认为在说话方面的练习可以给他所需要的信心和承认。A. demanded要求；B. suggested建议；C. inspected调查；D. insisted坚持。根据下文的Dale took his mother's advice可知此处用“建议”符合语境，suggest和advice是同义词复现，故选B项。‎ ‎【22题详解】‎ 考查名词词义辨析。句意：同上。A. practice练习；B. presence出席，仪表；C. passion热情；D. potential潜力。结合上下文可知，戴尔妈妈让他参加辩论队的主要目的就是通过练习讲话来让他获得信心，故选A项。‎ ‎【23题详解】‎ 考查副词词义辨析。句意：戴尔采纳了妈妈的建议，非常努力的尝试，最终在几个月的努力后成功做到了。A. hopefully有希望地；B. immediately立刻；C. naturally自然而然；D. finally最终。根据after several attempts可知此处用“最终”符合语境，故选D项。‎ ‎【24题详解】‎ 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这被证明是他人生转折点。A. key关键的；B. breaking破坏的；C. turning转折的；D. basic基本的。根据下文的Speaking before groups did help him gain the____15____ he needed可知此处用“转折点”符合语境，故选C项。‎ ‎【25题详解】‎ 考查名词词义辨析。句意：在很多人面前讲话确实帮他获得了他所需要的信心。A. progress进步；B. experience经历；C. confidence信心；D. competence竞争。根据上文的believing that___12___in speaking could give him the confidence and recognition that he needed.可知此处用“信心”符合语境，confidence是原词复现，故选C项。‎ ‎【26题详解】‎ 考查名词词义辨析。句意：到戴尔读到大四时，他已经在演讲中获得了所有的顶级荣誉。A. speech演讲；B. football足球；C. horse-riding骑马；D. farming农业。根据上文的She___11___that Dale join the debating team可知此处用“演讲”符合语境，speech和debate是同义词复现，故选A项。‎ ‎【27题详解】‎ 考查介词短语辨析。句意：现在其他学生到他这里来寻求指导，他们也一个一个的赢了比赛。A. in return作为回报；B. in turn轮流；C. in brief信任；D. in fact事实上。根据句意可知，此处是指得到他指导的学生都依次获赢得了比赛，故选B项。‎ ‎【28题详解】‎ 考查动词词义辨析。句意：通过早期的努力克服自卑感，戴尔明白了当众表达自己想法的能力能够建立一个人的信心。A. overcome克服；B. convey传达；C. approach接近；D. possess拥有。根据上文的Dale took his mother's advice, tried desperately and after several attempts___13___made it.可知戴尔通过参加辩论队当众演讲克服了自卑感，故选A项。‎ ‎【29题详解】‎ 考查动词词义辨析。句意：同上。A. recommend推荐；B. stress强调；C. contribute 贡献；D. express表达。根据语境可知，演讲是当中“表达想法”，故选D项。‎ ‎【30题详解】‎ 考查介词词义辨析。句意：有了它，戴尔知道他可以做他想做的任何事情，其他人也是。A. besides除了；B. beyond超越；C. with有；D. around在……周围。结合上下文可知，此处是指戴尔认为有了信心就可以做自己想做的任何事情，故选C项。‎ 第三部分：阅读理解（共两节，40 分）‎ 第一节（共15 小题；每小题2 分，共30 分）‎ 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。‎ A A trip to London My family had dreamed of a trip to London for a long time. Luckily it was possible for us to realize our dream because all of us were free on the weekend.‎ We planned to drive into Cambridge and caught the 7: 34 train to Liverpool Street Station.Then my wife and I would separate from Joan, my wife’s sister, to do different things and finally meet again for lunch. And after lunch, we would go to the concert.‎ But we were late because of a thick London fog. The train had to move along so slowly that it ‎ was not until 10:30 that it got there. In spite of our late arrival Joan decided that she would go to see the Crown Jewels in the Tower of London while we went shopping. It was only after her sister had disappeared into the fog that my wife realized that we hadn’t decided where we should meet for lunch. Since I had our three tickets for the concert in my pocket, this was indeed a problem. We didn’t have any mobile phones at that time. There seemed to be nothing we could do except taking a taxi to the Tower of London, and try to find her there. Needless to say, we didn’t find her.‎ It was now one o’clock, and the concert began at 2: 30. “Perhaps she will think of waiting outside the concert hall,” said my wife hopefully. By this time the fog was so thick that road traffic had to stop, and the only way to get there was by subway. Hand in hand we felt our way along the road to where we thought the nearest station should be. An hour later we were still trying to find it.Just when I was about to become angry, we met a blind man tapping his way confidently through the fog. With his help we found the subway station which was just fifty meters down the road.‎ By now it was far too late to get to the concert hall before the performance began at 2: 30, so we decided to return to Cambridge. It took seven hours instead of the usual two to make that journey. Nor were we able to get any food and drink on the train. We were tired and hungry.‎ We finally reached home at ten. Opening the door we were amazed to find Joan at home; she had seen the Crown Jewels, had managed to get another ticket for concert, and had had a wonderful dinner at a restaurant. Of course, she managed to get home, too. Oh my god!‎ ‎31. What did the writer plan to do after lunch that day?‎ A. Go to the concert. B. Return to Cambridge.‎ C. Go shopping. D. See the Crown Jewels.‎ ‎32. The writer and his wife separated from Joan because _______.‎ A. they were late for the concert B. Joan didn’t want to go to the concert C. there was a thick fog D. they planned to do different things until lunch time ‎33. Who helped the writer find the subway station?‎ A. A taxi driver. B. A blind man.‎ C. His wife. D. Joan.‎ ‎【答案】31. A 32. D 33. B ‎【解析】‎ ‎【分析】‎ 本文是一篇记叙文。主要讲了作者和家人到伦敦旅行，到了利物浦之后，作者带着妻子和妻子的妹妹琼分开以后，因为伦敦的大雾，开始了一段“囧途”！‎ ‎【31题详解】‎ 细节理解题。根据第二段的And after lunch, we would go to the concert.（午饭后，我们会去听音乐会）可知，那天午饭后作者打算去听音乐会。故选A。‎ ‎【32题详解】‎ 细节理解题。根据第二段的Then my wife and I would separate from Joan, my wife’s sister, to do different things and finally meet again for lunch.（然后我和妻子会和我妻子的妹妹琼分开，做不同的事情，最后再见面吃午饭）可知，作者和他的妻子和琼（妻子的妹妹）分开，因为他们计划在午饭前做不同的事情。故选D。‎ ‎【33题详解】‎ 细节理解题。根据第四段的Just when I was about to become angry, we met a blind man tapping his way confidently through the fog. With his help we found the subway station which was just fifty meters down the road.（就在我要生气的时候，我们遇到了一个盲人，他自信地在雾中走着。在他的帮助下，我们找到了离这条路只有‎50米的地铁站）可知，一个盲人帮助作者找到了地铁站。故选B。‎ ‎【点睛】题干定位法：即我们可以通过题干中的关键词（主要是名词或是名词短语）到文章中利用平行原则找到与题干对应的句子，找到的句子或该句的下一句即是答案。‎ 如第1小题，我们根据题干中的关键词after lunch和that day，再结合平行原则，可以定位在文章的第二段的And after lunch, we would go to the concert.，即是答案所在。‎ B High-Wire Act Mickey Wilson had been on the mountain only a few seconds when he heard the scream. Wilson, 28 years old, had just gotten off the cable car (索道缆车) at the Arapahoe Basin Ski Area in Keystone, Colorado, along with his friends Billy Simmons and Hans Mueller. Their friend Richard had been on the cable car ahead of them, but when the men reached the top of the lift, he had disappeared. The men walked toward the source of the scream and found skiers stopped on the slope, pointing to the cable car. And then the friends screamed too.‎ ‎“Oh, Richard!” yelled Mueller.‎ When Richard had tried to jump off the cable car, his backpack had been caught in the chair, which then dragged him back down the hill. In the process, the backpack belt twisted around his neck, making him breathless. Now Richard’s body was swinging four feet above the snow. The cable car operator had quickly stopped it, and the friends kicked off their skis and ran toward the scene. They made a human pyramid to try to reach Richard, but the unconscious man was too far off the ground. With the clock ticking, Wilson ran to the ladder of a nearby lift tower. Scared skiers watched as he struggled the 25 feet. After he reached the top, Wilson’s first challenge was to climb onto the two-inch steel cable that held the chairs. He handled the balance and height bravely, but he knew he could not walk on the cable. Therefore, he calmed down and sat over it and then used his hands to pull himself to Richard quickly. Wilson’s greatest fear wasn’t that he’d fall, but that he wouldn’t reach Richard. “This was life or death,” he said.‎ When he reached Richard’s chair, Wilson swung a leg over the cable and attempted to drop down onto it. But as he did that, his jacket caught on the movable footrest, which was in the up position. The footrest began to slide down, with Wilson attached. But before that could happen, he managed to free himself and reached Richard.‎ Fortunately, the ski patrol (巡查) had gathered below and performed emergency treatment on Richard, who had been hanging for about five minutes, then skied him down to an ambulance.‎ That night, Richard called from the hospital to express his thanks to Wilson, his other friends and the workers at the Arapahoe Basin Ski Area.‎ ‎34. What happened to Richard when he tried to jump off the cable car?‎ A. He was sick and became unconscious.‎ B. He left his skis which stopped the cable car.‎ C. He was too afraid to move forward in the cable car.‎ D. He was caught by the neck, hanging down the cable.‎ ‎35. How did Richard survive?‎ A. People worked together and saved him.‎ B. Wilson climbed on the cable and saved him.‎ C. The ski patrol got him down and treated him.‎ D. Skiers treated him and carried him to the hospital.‎ ‎36. The author wrote the fourth paragraph to show that _______.‎ A. the rescue process was dangerous B. something was wrong with the cable car C. Wilson could manage the process very well D. the operator of the cable car ignored his duty ‎37. The story at the Arapahoe Basin Ski Area mainly tells us ______.‎ A. it is very dangerous to go skiing B. he that climbs high often falls heavily C. bravery and calm can help you make a difference D. a person with a great talent always has great will-power ‎【答案】34. D 35. A 36. A 37. C ‎【解析】‎ 这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述Mickey Wilson和他的两个朋友乘坐索道缆车上山的过程中，其中一个朋友出了事故。在那个万分紧急的时刻Mickey Wilson奋不顾身地去救人。‎ ‎【34题详解】‎ 细节理解题。根据文章第三自然段前两句话“When Richard had tried to jump off the cable car, his backpack had been …swinging four feet above the snow”可知，背包带缠住了Richard的脖子把他悬在半空，也让他呼吸困难。故选D项。‎ ‎【35题详解】‎ 细节理解题。根据文章最后一段That night, Richard called from the hospital to express his thanks to Wilson, his other friends and the workers at the Arapahoe Basin Ski Area.（那天晚上，Richard从医院打电话表达对Wilson，其他朋友和Arapahoe Basin Ski Area的工作人员感谢）可知，Wilson，other friends 和workers at the Arapahoe Basin Ski Area都对他施以援手,是他们的共同努力救了他。故选A项。‎ ‎【36题详解】‎ 推理判断题。When he reached Richard’s chair, Wilson swung a leg over the cable and attempted to drop down onto it. But as he did that, his jacket caught on the movable footrest, which was in the up position. The footrest began to slide down, with Wilson attached. But before that could happen, he managed to free himself and reached Richard.‎ ‎（当威尔逊触到理查德的椅子时，他把一条腿甩过缆绳，试图跳到上面。但是当他那样做的时候，他的夹克被活动脚踏板给挂住了。脚踏板在上面，然后挂着威尔逊开始向下滑。但他及时让自己摆脱困境，够到了理查德）这段主要描述了Wilson救人的经过，且场面惊险，稍有不慎可能威尔逊自己也会受伤，所以这段描写主要突出救人的危险。故选A项。‎ ‎【37题详解】‎ 推理判断题。根据文章大意可知，Wilson能在那个危急时刻去求Richard表现他的勇敢；在5分钟内能想到可行的方法，说明Richard处乱不惊，沉着冷静。综上所述，面临危险勇敢，冷静才能化险为夷。故选C项。‎ C You can’t walk into the office without Rihanna’s voice singing “work work work work work work” in your head. And that one line from Lady Gaga’s “Bad Romance” still makes you want to scream. These are commonly known as earworm songs—those sticky tunes that continue to play in your head. A recent study finds that more than 90% of adults report hearing earworm songs on a weekly basis.‎ Fortunately, most people report earworm songs as pleasant. But others find them annoying or even maddening. “Some people are troubled by them to the point that it disturbs life,” says Elizabeth Hellmuth Margulis, a professor at the University of Arkansas who has studied earworm songs.‎ Margulis says earworm songs tend to have some predictable characteristics. For one thing, they tend to small parts of a song—not the whole track. And “the songs you’ve heard recently also have the most possibility to get stuck in your memory,” she says.‎ But sometimes something strange and unpredictable can also start a track paying in your head. “Once I was at the doctor’s office and saw a poster of a man who I thought looked like Gaston—a character from Beauty and the Beast,” Margulis recalls. A couple minutes passed, and she realized she couldn’t get “Be Our Guest”, the song in the movie, out of her head, even though she hadn’t thought of the tune in years. In that instance, she was able to identify her earworm’s trigger: the Gaston-looking man in the poster. “But the connections can be really unclear,” she says.‎ Margulis points out that, in all of human history, recorded music is a very new phenomenon. She says some have inferred that earworm songs are also new—the unintended consequence of being able to hear the same song played everywhere in the same way over and over again. So far, the convincing explanation for why human beings experience earworm songs remains a mystery. But there are some well-established ways to cast off the earworm songs.‎ ‎“Finding a mentally demanding task and putting your mind on it usually shifts attention away from internal music. People tend to get earworms when performing tasks that don’t require their full attention—stuff like doing the dishes,” Margulis says.‎ Chewing gum can also help. When a song is stuck in our heads, it’s almost like we’re singing along with it. If you make your mouth do something else—chewing gum, eating a meal or talking with a friend—that can kick out the earworm.‎ You could also face your enemy. By listening to the full track that includes the passage stuck in your head, you may find “closure” and relief.‎ ‎38. Which of the following is most likely to be an earworm song?‎ A. A song made up of simple words.‎ B. A song heard frequently these days.‎ C. A song sung by a most famous singer.‎ D. A song learned during one’s childhood.‎ ‎39. What does the underlined word “trigger” in Paragraph 4 mean?‎ A. Type. B. Tune.‎ C. Cause. D. Characteristic.‎ ‎40. We can infer that earworm songs may ________.‎ A. result from modern technology B. be experienced over meals C. help regain lost memories D. hurt one’s hearing ‎41. What is mainly talked about in the last three paragraphs?‎ A. Why we hear earworm songs. B. Where to find earworm songs.‎ C. When we hear earworm songs. D. How to get over earworm songs.‎ ‎【答案】38. B 39. C 40. A 41. D ‎【解析】‎ ‎【分析】‎ 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲了耳朵虫歌曲，即歌曲的某个片段不由自主地反复在脑子里出现且不受控制的现象。针对这种现象，作者提出了几条行之有效的方法。‎ ‎【38题详解】‎ 细节理解题。 根据第一段These are commonly known as earworm songs—those sticky tunes that continue to play in your head.‎ 可知耳朵虫歌曲指的是“一直黏在脑袋里的音乐”，即最近经常听到的歌曲，故选B。‎ ‎【39题详解】‎ 词义猜测题。 In that instance, she was able to identify her earworm’s trigger: the Gaston-looking man in the poster.句子后半句the Gaston-looking man in the poster解释了为什么“Be Our Guest” 这首歌一直出现在Margulis脑海里：海报中那个看起来像Gaston的人。所以此处trigger有“原因”之意，故选C。‎ ‎【40题详解】‎ 推理判断题。 从第五段可知录制的音乐和耳朵虫音乐都是一种新现象，无论走到哪里都能反复听到同一首歌，这是人类发展、科技发展的结果。故选A。‎ ‎【41题详解】‎ 主旨大意题。 第五段最后一句话But there are some well-established ways to cast off the earworm songs.是对下面三段的总结。最后三段列举了摆脱耳朵虫歌曲行之有效的方法，故选D。‎ ‎【点睛】近年来高考加大了猜测词义题的考查，主要包括对生词生义的推测、熟词生义的推测以及对it/they/them/that/those等代词指代对象的判断等。‎ 做这种类型的题，要根据词、词组、句子所在的语境来判断其意义，因此熟练掌握一些猜词技巧是做好这类题的关键。猜测词义时，要掌握以下5种解题技巧： ‎ 技巧 1 对比法：利用文中的反义词、表对比关系的词或同义词猜测词义。 ‎ 技巧 2 因果法：从原因推测结果，从结果推测原因。 ‎ 技巧3 构词法：还可以依靠构词法方面的知识，从生词本身猜测词义。 ‎ 技巧4 根据句子结构进行判断。 ‎ 技巧5 根据上下文进行判断：利用语境及前后的提示来猜测词义。‎ 例如第二题中trigger的意思就是根据语境来判断的。‎ D Cycling You need only look at a professional cyclist to appreciate the potential effects of cycling on the body. But what about the mind? It’s a question that has long challenged anyone who has wondered how riding a bike can offer what feels close to a state of emptying your mind.‎ Dr. John Ratey thinks cycling increases “the chemistry in your brain that makes you feel calm,” but also that carrying out multiple operations while cycling can be an effective treatment, as shown in a German study involving 115 children, half of whom did activities such as cycling that involved ‎ complex movements, while the rest performed more straightforward exercises with the same aerobic (有氧的) demands. Both groups did better than they previously had in concentration tests, but the “complex” group did a lot better.‎ There have been other interesting findings too. In 2003, Dr. Jay Alberts rode a tandem bicycle, a bicycle built for two riders sitting one behind the other, across the American state of Ohio with a friend who has Parkinson’s (帕金森) disease, a condition affecting the nervous system. The idea was to raise awareness of the disease, but to the surprise of both riders, the patient showed significant improvements. Dr. Jay Alberts then scanned the brains of 26 Parkinson’s patients during and after an eight-week exercise programme using bikes. Half the patients were allowed to ride at their own paces, while the others were pushed harder. All patients improved, and the group which was pushed harder showed particularly significant increases in connectivity between areas of intelligence responsible for functions such as walking and picking things up.‎ We don’t know how this happens, but there is more evidence of the link between Parkinson’s and cycling. A video on the Internet shows a 58-year-old man with severe Parkinson’s. At first, we watch the patient trying to walk. He can barely stand and his hands shake uncontrollably. Then we see the man on a bicycle being supported by others. With a push, he’s off, cycling past cars with perfect balance. Doctors don’t fully understand this discrepancy either, but say that cycling may act as some sort of action that helped the patient’s brain.‎ The science of cycling is incomplete, but perhaps the most remarkable thing for the everyday rider is that it can require no conscious focus at all. The mindlessness of cycling can not only make us happier, but also leave room for other thoughts. On the seat of my bike, I’ve solved problems at work and made life decisions, as, I’m sure, have countless others.‎ ‎42. What does the study described in Paragraph 2 suggest?‎ A. Cycling has a good effect on physical fitness.‎ B. The tasks involved in cycling can be hard for children.‎ C. Lack of exercise like cycling causes lack of concentration.‎ D. Cycling can improve the ability to focus attention on a task.‎ ‎43. Studies of people with Parkinson’s show that ______.‎ A. cycling does more good if sufferers put more effort into it B. cycling on tandem bikes has a better effect on the disease C. not every person with Parkinson’s will benefit from cycling D. social awareness is more important for Parkinson’s sufferers ‎44. What does the underlined part “this discrepancy” in Paragraph 4 refer to?‎ A. Why Parkinson’s affects some people and not others.‎ B. Why someone with Parkinson’s can cycle but not walk.‎ C. How cycling could be included in treatment for Parkinson’s.‎ D. How a link between cycling and Parkinson’s was discovered.‎ ‎45. What’s the main idea of the passage?‎ A. The effect of cycling is not yet fully understood.‎ B. Cycling is believed to be both complex and mindless.‎ C. Cycling has a significant influence on people’s mind.‎ D. People may be more intelligent with the help of cycling,‎ ‎【答案】42. D 43. A 44. B 45. C ‎【解析】‎ 本文属于科普文章。骑自行车不仅可以强身健体，而且对于人的脑子也有益处。比如骑自行车可使人对任务的注意力有所提高，患帕金森症的病人骑自行车后，投入的时间越多恢复的越好。对此虽然不够科学，但确实存在。骑自行车对人的身心有很大的影响。‎ ‎【42题详解】‎ 推理判断题。根据第二段“as shown in a German study involving 115 children, half of whom did activities such as cycling that involved complex movements,…Both groups did better than they previously had in concentration tests, but the “complex” group did a lot better.”中可知，在德国的一项涉及115名儿童，其中一半人是骑自行车，活动中涉及到复杂的动作，而其余的直接进行相同的有氧的运动。两组在注意力集中在任务上的测试时都比做运动以前好，但是骑自行车等复杂性动词的人表现的更好。分析选项可知D项（骑自行车可以提高注意力集中在任务上的能力）还有同义词组concentrate（文中的名词concentration）= focus on。故选D。‎ ‎【43题详解】‎ 推理判断题。根据第三段“Dr. Jay Alberts then scanned the brains of 26 Parkinson’s patients during and after an eight-week exercise programme using bikes. Half the patients were allowed to ride at their own paces, while the others were pushed harder. All patients improved, and the group which was pushed harder showed particularly significant increases in connectivity between areas of intelligence ‎ responsible for functions such as walking and picking things up.”可知，Jay Alberts博士接着扫描26帕金森病人的脑中，使用自行车八周锻炼后。一半的病人被允许按自己的速度骑，其他的则被推得更用力。所有的病人都得到了改善，骑车人投入更多的精力，许多功能区连通性显著增加，恢复的更好。由此可知骑自行车对于这种病的恢复有显著的影响，投入的精力越多，治疗的效果越好。分析选项可知A项符合题意，故选A。‎ ‎【44题详解】‎ 词义猜测题。根据第四段内容可知本段主要叙述了患帕金森症的人的恢复与骑自行车有一定的关系。患有帕金森症的开始连站都不能，也不能走路，但骑上自行车后却能掌握平衡。可知本段所说的“this discrepancy”（这种差异）就是指患有帕金森症的人能骑自行车却不能步行。分析选项可知B项与题意相符，故选B项。‎ ‎【45题详解】‎ 主旨大意题。文章的第一段中提出了骑自行车有益于身体健康，接着提出了问题是否对人的脑子有影响。而且骑自行车对人的脑子有影响这个问题一直困扰着人们。在第二段John Ratey博士用实验证明了骑自行车对人对任务的注意力有提高，第三段Jay Alberts博士又发现了患帕金森症的病人骑自行车投入的时间越多，恢复的越好。最后一段作者用自己的事例再一次证明骑自行车对人的头脑有很大的影响，由此可知C符合题意。‎ 第二节(共 5 小题；每小题 2 分，共 10 分)‎ 根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。‎ Urban Wildlife Cities are diverse ecosystems. In addition to visitors from the wild, a large number of species share our urban areas. As our cities spread, we need to think about what it is like for other species to have human neighbors.‎ Cities are built for humans. ____46____For example, most city parks are kept neat and tidy so that humans will find them beautiful. But when we cut grass or plant flowers, we destroy natural habitats.‎ ‎____47____When a bridge in Austin, Texas was repaired, engineers added small gaps running along the length of its bottom. This made a good home for bats, and soon the bridge was the home of ‎ thousands of bats. ___48___ Now, they have come to value their winged neighbors. The bats are a tourist attraction, and they eat lots of bugs every night.‎ There are also structures built with the aim of bringing wildlife into the city. The Beijing Olympic Forest Park is a good example. The park used native plants and created open, natural spaces for wildlife. The result is a zone in Beijing with over 160 species of birds. In many ways, the park is the opposite of a zoo. ____49____‎ If we learn to share our space, we can become better neighbors to the wildlife around us. ____50____ Our own future will be endangered too.‎ A. They are built to protect birds.‎ B. Our actions sometimes help other species.‎ C. If we do not, more species will become extinct.‎ D. They do not always provide suitable habitats for wildlife.‎ E. Instead of being kept in cages, wildlife can move about freely.‎ F. At first, people were afraid of the bats and tried to get rid of them.‎ G. They would sit on it and their droppings would fall into the water.‎ ‎【答案】46. D 47. B 48. F 49. E 50. C ‎【解析】‎ 这是一篇说明文，主题语境是人与环境，文章介绍了作者关于人类城市与野生动物关系的思考。‎ ‎【46题详解】‎ 考查考生理解段内衔接关系的能力。空格前说Cities are built for humans，空格后的For example举例可知，城市并不总是为野生动物提供住所，故选D。‎ ‎【47题详解】‎ 考查考生理解篇章布局、建立段内和段际关系的能力。此处设空在段首，考虑到段首句的作用，往往为主题句；由后面细节句提供的内容可知，我们人类的行为有时是可以帮助到野生动物的，故选B。‎ ‎【48题详解】‎ 考查考生理解段内衔接关系的能力。根据空后句的时间标志词可以判断空所填句子与后文内容存在叙述和时间节点的对照关系，故选F。‎ ‎【49题详解】‎ 考查考生理解篇章布局、建立段内衔接关系的能力。根据空格位置关系可知，其填写内容一定与空前句存在话题一致、内容上的承接关系，故选E。‎ ‎【50题详解】‎ 考查考生理解篇章布局、建立段内衔接关系的能力。根据上文谈及人类如果能够与野生动物共享城市空间的好处，且空格后句子所涉及内容与空前句形成比照关系，以及空后句的标志词too，可确定答案，故选C。‎ 第四部分 书面表达（共两节，35分）‎ 第一节（15分）‎ ‎51.假设你是红星中学高三学生李华，请给你同班的美国留学生Jim写一封电子邮件，邀请他周末到学校对面刚开业的文化中心去做义工。内容包括：‎ ‎1. 目的和意义；‎ ‎2 时间、地点和内容；‎ ‎3. 请求回复。‎ 注意：1. 词数不少于50；‎ ‎2. 开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。‎ Dear Jim,‎ ‎_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________‎ Yours,‎ Li Hua ‎【答案】Dear Jim,‎ I'm writing this letter to invite you to the Cultural Center of our city to do voluntary work with us on Sunday, which can make our spare time more meaningful.‎ The Cultural Center lies opposite to our school. Since it's newly opened, lots of people are needed to offer help. We are expected to help do some cleaning and keep order. We can also hand out flyers, providing visitors with more detailed information to make their visits more enjoyable. We can not only help others but at the same time enrich our own life.‎ I hope you can join us. It will be of great benefit to you. Your early reply is greatly appreciated.‎ Yours,‎ Li Hua ‎【解析】‎ ‎【分析】‎ 这是一篇半开放式作文。要求你给同班的美国留学生Jim写一封电子邮件，邀请他周末去做义工。‎ ‎【详解】题目要求和内容难度不大，比较好写。因为所给提示内容发挥空间比较大，考生首先要明确自己要写的具体内容，列出写作大纲，然后在遣词造句方面对主体内容进行扩展。切忌边想边写。整篇文章应该以现在时态和将来时态为主。‎ ‎【点睛】所给范文内容丰富具体，条理明确，长短句交叉使用，行文流畅。充分利用了一些较高级的词汇和句式，例如：1. 非谓语动词（to invite you to the Cultural Center of our city to do voluntary work；providing visitors with more detailed information）2. 定语从句（which can make our spare time more meaningful）‎ ‎3. be of great benefit等，使文章增色不少。‎ 第二节((20分)‎ ‎52.假设你是红星中学高三学生李华。请根据以下四幅图的先后顺序，写一篇英文周记，记述你们上周邀请京剧名家来你校参与“京剧进校园”主题活动的全过程。‎ 注意：词数不少于 60。‎ 提示词：京剧 Beijing opera；脸谱 facial makeup ‎____________________________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎____________________________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎____________________________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎____________________________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎____________________________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎____________________________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎_____________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎【答案】 Last week, an activity called “Beijing opera entering Campus” was held in our school.‎ In the morning, two famous artists came to our school as planned. When they came into the room, we clapped warmly. After a casual chatting, the artists were invited to the hall to give us a detailed introduction to the Beijing opera. With great expectation, we listened attentively and learned that there are five main roles in Beijing opera, and the facial mask on each of them tells ‎ the characteristics of the role. To help us better understand Beijing opera, the artist also showed us several classic examples of singing and acting.‎ After the lecture, we couldn’t wait to start the following training sessions. One artist showed us how to paint the facial mask on our face, and the other taught us the typical moves step by step. Under the patient guidance of the artists, we learned the basic skills and developed strong interest. After several rehearsals, we were ready to stage a scene from “Journey to the West”. On the performing day, with excitement and nervousness, I played Sun Wukong with the lady artist. To our great delight, our performance won the applause of our schoolmates.‎ Through this activity, I’ve found Beijing opera appealing and learned it must take a long and hard training to become a good performer. I am expecting to spread Beijing opera to more audience.‎ ‎【解析】‎ ‎【分析】‎ 这是一篇图画作文。‎ ‎【详解】第一步：审题。审题的目的是获取重要信息。通过审题我们可以确定几个方面的信息。第一，上周，我们学校举行了“京剧进校园”活动；我们聆听了两名艺术家关于京剧知识的讲座，我们认真聆听且了解到京剧中有五个主要角色，每个面具都有不同的角色特征；讲座结束后，开始了课程培训，在艺术家的耐心指导下，我们学习了基本的技巧，对京剧产生了浓厚的兴趣。经过几次排练，我们准备上演一场“西游记”，我们的表演赢得了同学们的掌声；通过这次活动所获得的感悟。第二，人称为第一人称和第三人称。第三，时态以一般过去时为主,兼用现在完成时和一般现在时。‎ 第二步：布局段落，确定主要段落，次要段落，段落数量。这篇写作段落数量为四段。第一段，周，我们学校举行了“京剧进校园”活动。第二段，我们聆听了两名艺术家关于京剧知识的讲座，我们认真聆听且了解到京剧中有五个主要角色，每个面具都有不同的角色特征。第三段，讲座结束后，开始了课程培训在艺术家的耐心指导下，我们学习了基本的技巧，对京剧产生了浓厚的兴趣。经过几次排练，我们准备上演一场“西游记”，我们的表演赢得了同学们的掌声。第四段，通过这次活动所获得的感悟。‎ 第三步：确定关键词汇和短语:listen，learn，artist, appealing, Last week， “Beijing opera entering Campus” ，in our school, In the morning，come into，clap warmly，give us a detailed introduction to the Beijing opera， five main roles，facial mask，the characteristics of the role, show us several ‎ classic examples of singing and acting, After the lecture, start the following training session, paint the facial mask on our face, the typical moves ,the basic skills, develop strong interest, be ready to stage a scene,“Journey to the West”，the applause of our schoolmates, spread Beijing opera to more audience.‎ 第四步：确定较为高级的句子:when引导的时间状语从句When they came into the room, we clapped warmly.省略that的宾语从句With great expectation, we listened attentively and learned that there are five main roles in Beijing opera, and the facial mask on each of them tells the characteristics of the role. 动词不定式作目的状语To help us better understand Beijing opera, the artist also showed us several classic examples of singing and acting.‎ 第五步：连句成文，注意使用恰当的连接词进行过渡衔接:In the morning，After the lecture，Through this activity.‎ 第六步：注意书写，保持卷面整洁，避免划线，乱擦。‎ ‎【点睛】文章思路清晰，语言规范，段落整齐，语篇连贯，层次清晰。使用了较为高级的句式:如when引导的时间状语从句When they came into the room, we clapped warmly.省略that的宾语从句With great expectation, we listened attentively and learned that there are five main roles in Beijing opera, and the facial mask on each of them tells the characteristics of the role. 动词不定式作目的状语To help us better understand Beijing opera, the artist also showed us several classic examples of singing and acting.‎ 高级句式的应用提升了写作的档次，整个短文显示出了作者高水平的英语表达能力。‎