2020届二轮复习完形填空解题技巧之三全篇思读，着眼几点，智取拉分题目

2020届二轮复习完形填空解题技巧之三全篇思读，着眼几点，智取拉分题目

‎2020届二轮复习 完形填空解题技巧之三全篇思读，着眼几点，智取拉分题目 高考担负着区分考生、选拔人才的功能，因此每篇完形填空中总有2～3道这样的较难题目成为考生取得优异成绩的“拦路虎”。导致这些题目错选的原因主要有以下几点：①解题信息比较隐含；②干扰项迷惑性较强；③情感态度较难把握；④惯性思维所致。针对这些题目，考生除了需具备扎实的语言功底外，还应谨慎小心应对。本讲总结了解答完形填空的5大易错点，旨在让考生遇到此类题目时不要急于求成，要三思而判。‎ 语篇层次题的解题信息不局限于某一句或某一句群，而是分散在某一段或几段甚至全篇，要求考生理解整篇文章，抓住全文的脉络、作者的思想、意图或主人公的心理，然后进行准确的推理、判断，从而做出正确的选择。对于此类题目，一定要坚持这样一个原则——不急于解答，读完全文后综合思维再做判定。‎ ‎[典例]　(2019·全国卷Ⅱ)It's about 250 miles from the hills of westcentral Iowa to Ehlers' home in Minnesota. During the long trip home，following a weekend of hunting，Ehlers 41.thought_about the small dog he had seen 42.trembling alongside the road. He had 43.tried to coax(哄) the dog to him but，frightened，it had 44.run_off．‎ ‎……‎ Jeff had __54__ in Iowa before Thanksgiving with his dog，Rosie，but the gun shots had scared the dog off. Jeff searched 55.in_vain for Rosie in the next four days.‎ ‎54．A.hunted B．skied C．lived D．worked ‎[分析]　选A　本题是典型的语篇层次题，只看题目所在的句子我们是无法确定答案的，此类题目需要综合全篇来找线索。本题为原词复现。根据后面的“in Iowa before Thanksgiving with his dog, Rosie，but the gun shots had scared the dog off”可知，Jeff带着他的狗Rosie在Iowa打猎(hunt)，但是枪声把狗吓跑了， 再结合前文“During the long trip home，following a weekend of hunting”， 可确定答案A符合语境。‎ 　因不能正确区分形近(义近)词而错选 完形填空题选项中经常会出现一些形近词或义近词让考生辨析，因为词形相近或意义相近，无形中增加了难度，如果考生对这些词掌握得不好或不着眼于语篇的意义便很容易选错。‎ ‎[典例1]　(2019·全国卷Ⅲ)The small town of Rjukan in Norway is situated between several mountains and does not get direct sunlight from late September to midMarch — 41.nearly six months out of the year.‎ ‎……‎ ‎“People have been 53.sitting there and standing there and taking 54.pictures of each other，”Ro says. “The town square was totally ‎ ‎55.full．I think almost all the people in the town were there.” The 3，500 residents cannot all_56.enjoy the sunshine at the same time. 57.However，the new light feels like more than enough for the town's __58__ residents.‎ ‎58．A.natureloving B．energysaving C．weatherbeaten D．sunstarved ‎[分析]　选D　四个备选项在形式上非常相似，它们都是合成形容词，部分考生很容易因混淆而失分。由第一段可知尤坎小镇原本每年有接近六个月的时间不见阳光，所以说他们是渴望阳光的(sunstarved)居民。natureloving“热爱自然的”； energysaving“节约能源的”；weatherbeaten“饱经风霜的”。‎ ‎[典例2]　(2018·天津高考)I started doing anything I could to help them build a little 25.pride. Most important, I began to treat them like26.winners. That summer, when the other teams enjoyed their 27.vacations,_we met every day and 28.practiced passing and kicking the football.‎ ‎……‎ From the experience I learned a lot about how the attitude of the leader can 33.affect the members of a team. Instead of seeing my boys as losers, I pushed and 34.encouraged them. I helped them to see themselves __35__， and they built themselves into winners.‎ ‎35．A.honestly B．individually C．calmly D．differently ‎[分析]　选D　四个备选项在形式上非常相似，它们都是副词，部分考生很容易因混淆而失分。联系上句中的“Instead of seeing my boys as losers”以及上文的“treat them like 26.winners”可知，此处是指“我帮他们用不同的(differently)方式看待自己”。honestly“老实地，诚实地”；individually“个人地”；calmly“平静地”。‎ 在最近几年的高考完形填空中，一词多义或熟词生义的考查屡见不鲜，这往往也是考生容易忽视的地方。很多考生由于不懂这些熟词的“新义”而出现思维堵塞，造成了不应有的失分。下面我们选取具有代表性的试题加以分析，以帮助考生熟悉其命题特点，从而跳出命题人设置的词汇“陷阱”。‎ ‎[典例1]　(2018·全国卷Ⅲ)Much to the family's surprise, Dennis stuck to his 52.promise! He turned up at the hospital __53__ gifts for the new mother Lindsey and her baby boy. Lindsey's husband was totally 54.astonished by the unexpected visit. “I don't think we would have randomly invited him over but we 55.appreciate it and the gifts.”‎ ‎53．A.bearing B．collecting C．opening D．making ‎[分析]　‎ 选A　本文描述一个叫特蕾莎的老妇人沉浸在为人祖母的喜悦当中，她把小宝贝的照片发给了陌生人丹尼斯，但是丹尼斯却回复短信说他会去医院看望小孩，并与小孩合影。本段主要描述特蕾莎一家没有想到丹尼斯真的来到医院，还带来了礼物，她们非常感动。bear是一个多义词，用作动词，最常见的意思为“承受，忍受”，除此之外还有“承担(责任)；支撑，承受(重量)；显示；带有；携带；生(孩子)；开(花)；结(果实)”等。根据语境，在此意为“携带”。‎ ‎[典例2]　(2018·浙江高考)One day I 46.met a former classmate of mine who was47.making a lot of money running a sideline (副业)．Since his regular job was48.boring,_I asked him why he just didn't do his sideline full time.He said without the job, he would__49__ have too much time and would just do what I did back in 50.college. He said that if he51.quit the job, he would lose his52.drive to work and succeed.‎ ‎49．A.luckily B．hardly C．hopefully D．simply ‎[分析]　选D　根据句意可知，他说如果没有那份工作，他确实会有很多时间。simply“确实，简直”。此处simply这个词属于熟词生义，我们比较熟悉它的义项是：简单地，简朴地。‎ 在完形填空题的设题上，命题者往往还将一些考生平常容易忽视的词汇设置成选项，从而造成考生错选。对于这些词汇，考生在平时必须引起重视，背熟记熟。‎ ‎[典例1]　(2019·全国卷Ⅰ)At the base is a rainforest. It ends abruptly at 3，000 meters，54.giving_way_to lands of low growing plants. Further up，the weather 55.changes — low clouds envelop the mountainsides，which are covered with thick grass. I 56.count_twelve ‎ shades of green from where I stand. Above 4，000 meters is the highland 57.desert:_gravel(砾石)，stones and rocks. 58.Finally you climb into an arcticlike zone with __59__ snow and the glaciers that may soon disappear.‎ Does Kilimanjaro 60.deserve its reputation as a crowded mountain with lines of tourists ruining the atmosphere of peace？I found the opposite to be true.‎ ‎59．A.permanent B．little C．fresh D．artificial ‎[分析]　选A　联系上文的“climb into an arcticlike zone”可知，攀登者到了一个像北极圈的地方，所以这里是指常年积雪。permanent意为“永久的，永恒的”，符合语境。little“少的”；fresh“新鲜的”；artificial“人造的”。permanent和artificial都是考生相对陌生的考纲词汇，所以一些考生会因为词汇积累不够，又不能有效地利用上下文中的提示而失分。‎ ‎[典例2]　(2017·全国卷Ⅲ)A Toronto man is offering a free roundtheworld air ticket to the right woman. But __41__apply. You must be named Elizabeth Gallagher and have a Canadian 42.passport．‎ ‎41．A.benefits B．deposits C．restrictions D．examinations ‎[分析]　选C　该选段是文章第一段。空后介绍这位能够获得免费环游世界机票的女士的名字必须是Elizabeth ‎ Gallagher，而且必须持有加拿大护照。这些都是限制条件。故选C项，restriction表示“限制规定”。restriction也在考纲之内，许多考生却因不熟悉这个词汇而造成误选。benefit“优势，好处”；deposit“订金，押金”；examination“检查，考试”。‎ 在英语学习中，由于种种原因，如考生的母语、知识面、思维习惯等都有可能令考生出现一些思维定式现象，即不善于思考，考虑问题不全面，导致误解一些题目，从而抑制思维能力的发展。完形填空解题中因惯性思维而失分常有以下两种情况：‎ ‎(1)学习单词时受到的思维定式影响 有些考生学习英语单词过于简单化，仅记其中文意思，而不深刻理解其实际用法和英汉用法之间的细微差异。例如：表示“成功做某事”，不可以用succeed to do sth.来表达。‎ ‎(2)学习词组或习惯用语时受到的思维定式影响 例如：学习了wait for这个词组以后，有的考生在做题过程中只要碰到wait，后面要接介词时就毫不犹豫地选择for。但在“He stopped his car to wait at the red light.”中就不用for。‎ ‎[典例]　(2017·北京高考)One day, when she was five years old, she was walking with her mother in downtown Winnipeg. They saw a man __36__ out of a garbage can. She asked her mother why he did that, and her mother said that the man was homeless and hungry.‎ ‎36．A.jumping B．eating C．crying D．waving ‎[分析]　选B　受思维习惯的影响，考生易误选A项，因为jump out of 是常见搭配。但根据下文的“the man was homeless and hungry”可知，她们看见一个人在垃圾桶里捡东西吃。故选B。‎ ‎[课堂应用体验]‎ A ‎(2019·济南高三模拟)It was 1972, and I was in second grade. In the classroom the teacher, Ms. Boyette was __1__ aloud to us from Island of the Blue Dolphins. And we had just come to a part of the book where the main __2__ was training a wild dog. I was listening, fascinated by the __3__ of all.‎ Not far away from me, there seated a boy who always frightened or __4__ others, so I was __5__ of this boy. While Ms. Boyette was reading, I looked over at him, for he was someone I was in the __6__ of keeping an eye on. I __7__ that he was listening too, that he was engaged by the __8__， that he was leaning forward in his seat and listening with all his heart, I __9__ at him, openmouthed. I was __10__ that this boy was in fact just __11__ me. He was a kid who liked a story. The boy must __12__ my eyes on him, because he turned. Then something __13__ happened. He smiled at me. __14__， I smiled back, unafraid. We were two __15__ smiling at each other.‎ Why have I never forgotten this __16__ moment? Why do I still ‎ __17__ every detail of it? I think it's because that moment illustrates so beautifully the __18__ of reading out loud. It shows us into a safe room, where everyone involved, the reader and the listener, can have that chance to __19__ each other. We humans long not just for the story, not just for the flow of language, but for the __20__ that comes when words are read aloud.‎ 语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。作者通过回忆儿时的故事阐明了阅读的力量所在。‎ ‎1．A.shouting B．singing C．talking D．reading 解析：选D　根据下文中的“come to a part of the book”和“I was listening”可推知，当时老师在给学生们朗读小说，与下文中的“While Ms. Boyette was reading”呼应。‎ ‎2．A.author B．character C．reader D．listener 解析：选B　根据上文可知，老师在给学生们读小说的一个章节，并结合空后的“was training a wild dog”可推知，此处表示小说中的主人公正在训练一只野狗。character“人物，角色”。‎ ‎3．A.wonder B．silence C．warmth D．comfort 解析：选A　根据空前的“fascinated by the”并结合语境可推知，作者被小说中的奇妙之处迷住了。wonder“奇妙之处”。‎ ‎4．A.greeted B．touched C．hurt D．refused 解析：选C　根据该句中的“frightened or __4__ others”，并结合选项可推知，那个男孩总是吓唬或伤害他人。‎ ‎5．A.aware B．terrified C．bored D．guilty 解析：选B　根据下文中的“I smiled back, unafraid”，并结合语境可推知，作者害怕这个男孩。‎ ‎6．A.habit B．form C．effort D．hope 解析：选A　根据下文中的“The boy must __12__ my eyes on him, because he turned.”并结合语境可推知，当老师读小说时，作者习惯盯着那个男孩。‎ ‎7．A.predicted B．imagined C．promised D．noticed 解析：选D　根据上文中的“keeping an eye on”可推知，作者当时一直盯着那个男孩，注意到了一些细节，与下文的具体描述呼应。‎ ‎8．A.speech B．story C．journey D．diary 解析：选B　根据下文中的“He was a kid who liked a story.”可知，男孩被老师朗读的故事吸引了。‎ ‎9．A.pointed B．nodded C．stared D．waved 解析：选C　根据上文中的“keeping an eye on”可推知，作者当时盯着那个男孩看。‎ ‎10．A.struck B．mixed C．cheated D．confused 解析：选A　根据上文中的“openmouthed”并结合语境可推知，作者当时很吃惊，突然意识到了什么。strike“突然想到，猛地意识到”。‎ ‎11．A.behind B．beyond C．around D．like 解析：选D　根据上文中的“I was listening, fascinated by the __3__ of all.”可推知，作者喜欢听故事，根据下文中的“He was a kid who liked a story.”可推知，这个男孩也喜欢听故事，作者意识到这个男孩和自己很像。‎ ‎12．A.ignore B．feel C．meet D．observe 解析：选B　根据空后的“because he turned”可推知，男孩感觉到作者在关注着他，所以转过头来。‎ ‎13．A.useful B．natural C．serious D．amazing 解析：选D　根据下文的“He smiled at me.”‎ ‎，并结合上文介绍的这个男孩经常吓唬或伤害他人可推知，男孩对作者微笑是一件令人惊奇的事。‎ ‎14．A.Then B．Again C．Instead D．Besides 解析：选A　根据语境可知，作者给对方以微笑回应，由此可知前后句表示逻辑上的顺承关系。then“然后”。‎ ‎15．A.strangers B．kids C．teachers D．enemies 解析：选B　根据上文中的“I was in second grade”可知，作者和那个男孩当时都还是孩子。‎ ‎16．A.funny B．busy C．lucky D．small 解析：选D　根据上文的描述可知，作者陈述的只是上课时的一个短暂的时刻而已。‎ ‎17．A.seek B．organize C．recall D．trust 解析：选C　根据上文的描述和语境可推知，作者现在是在回忆儿时所发生的事情。recall“回忆起”。‎ ‎18．A.power B．courage C．amusement D．ability 解析：选A　根据语境可推知，此处表示那个时刻美妙地阐明了大声朗读的力量所在。power“力量”。‎ ‎19．A.cheer B．see C．miss D．mention 解析：选B　根据上文中的“We were two __15__ smiling at each other.”可推知，大声朗读让朗读者和听众有机会看到彼此。‎ ‎20．A.challenge B．knowledge C．choice D．connection 解析：选D　根据上文所表述的大声朗读让朗读者和听众有机会看到彼此可推知，大声朗读将朗读者和听众联系起来。‎ B ‎(2019·武昌区高三调研)Very few of us become fluent in another language by studying it in high school. I made an effort to keep up the little bit of French that I learned in school, but eventually realized that this was __1__. I was well aware that new languages are best learned when __2__， and that our abilities in that regard decline with age. __3__， just before my 50th birthday, I __4__ for French classes.‎ After I was __5__ to see which group I belonged in, I was __6__ at almost the introductory level. I found that it really was true that certain linguistic (语言的) abilities __7__ with age. While I'd always thought of myself as a(n) __8__ learner, that was no longer the case. I absorbed new vocabulary very __9__. What I learned one week ago seemed to __10__ as soon as I learned the next skill.‎ Now, a couple of years later, I can listen to the news in French and __11__ 90 percent of it on the first try and read a novel if it's not too ‎ difficult.‎ Who knows what I might still __12__？‎ I've learned so much __13__ grammar and vocabulary. I've met people from around the world and all walks of life who have the __14__ to make fools of themselves in order to __15__ something new. I've been taught by patient and inspirational teachers from many __16__ of the world, including France, Eastern Europe, the Caribbean and Africa.‎ Listening to the news as it is __17__ to the people of France, I have a renewed __18__ of how something can look completely different from another __19__. I've learned that a language is not just a set of words, but a way of __20__. But most of all, I've learned that it really is never too late to learn something new.‎ 语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。本文通过作者学习法语的经历告诉我们要活到老，学到老。‎ ‎1．A.unbelievable B．pointless C．unbearable D．valueless 解析：选B　根据该句“I made an effort to keep up the little bit of French that I learned in school, but eventually realized that this was __1__．”以及下文内容可知，“我”想努力保留在学校学的那一点法语，但最终意识到是无意义的(pointless)，故选B。‎ ‎2．A.energetic B．curious C．young D．old 解析：选C　根据后半句中的“our abilities in that regard decline with age”并结合常识可知，年轻(young)的时候学习新语言的效果是最好的，故选C。‎ ‎3．A.However B．Therefore C．Besides D．Meanwhile 解析：选A　根据语境可知，在50岁生日之前，“我”注册(registered)了法语课，并结合上文提到的“年轻的时候学习新语言的效果是最好的”可知，此处表示转折关系，故选A。‎ ‎4．A.sought B．registered C．fought D．prepared 解析：选B　参见上题解析。‎ ‎5．A.interviewed B．challenged C．asked D．tested 解析：选D　根据空后的“to see which group I belonged in”并结合语境可知，经过测试(tested)来看“我”属于哪一个团体之后，“我”被归(placed)为几乎是初级水平，故选D。‎ ‎6．A.restricted B．withdrawn C．appointed D．placed 解析：选D　参见上题解析。‎ ‎7．A.fade B．remain C．disappear D．improve 解析：选A　根据第一段中的“our abilities in that regard decline ‎ with age”并结合常识可推知，某些语言的能力会随着年龄的增加而逐渐消失(fade)，故选A。‎ ‎8．A.autonomous B．average C．quick D．dull 解析：选C　根据语境可推知，作者一直认为自己是一个敏锐的(quick)学习者，但却不再是这样了，故选C。‎ ‎9．A.easily B．slowly C．steadily D．rapidly 解析：选B　结合语境及上题解析可推知，作者掌握新词汇的速度很慢(slowly)，故选B。‎ ‎10．A.crowd in B．make sense C．slip away D．build up 解析：选C　根据语境可知，“我”一学习下一个技能，一个星期前学的就消失(slip away)了，故选C。crowd in“涌上(心头)”；make sense“有意义”；build up “(使)扩大”。‎ ‎11．A.catch B．recite C．share D．repeat 解析：选A　根据语境可推知，“我”第一遍听法语新闻时能够理解(catch) 90%的内容。catch“理解”，故选A。‎ ‎12．A.complete B．overlook C．perform D．accomplish 解析：选D　根据语境可知，谁知道“我”‎ 仍可能实现(accomplish)什么呢？故选D。‎ ‎13．A.except B．beyond C．through D．including 解析：选B　根据下文的内容可知，作者认为自己学到的不仅仅是法语的语法和词汇，故选B。beyond意为“除……之外”。‎ ‎14．A.confidence B．ability C．patience D．courage 解析：选D　根据空后的“make fools of themselves in order to __15__ something new”可知，此处表示作者遇到了来自世界各行各业的人，他们有勇气(courage)使自己(看起来)愚蠢以学(learn)一些新的东西，故选D。‎ ‎15．A.learn B．experience C．explore D．possess 解析：选A　参见上题解析。‎ ‎16．A.organizations B．corners C．classes D．races 解析：选B　根据下文的“including France, Eastern Europe, the Caribbean and Africa”可知，这些老师来自世界的许多地区(corners)。‎ ‎17．A.updated B．spread C．presented D．conveyed 解析：选C　根据语境可知，听着播放给法国人的新闻，“我”有了一个全新的理解，故选C。present“上演，播出”。‎ ‎18．A.understanding B．attitude C．knowledge D．judgment 解析：选A　根据语境可知，“我”对一些东西是如何从不同角度(angle)看起来完全不同有了全新的理解(understanding)，故选A。‎ ‎19．A.manner B．aspect C．angle D．direction 解析：选C　参见上题解析。‎ ‎20．A.studying B．working C．living D．thinking 解析：选D　根据语境并结合常识可知，一门语言不仅仅是一组单词，也是一种思维(thinking)方式。‎