【英语】2019届二轮复习语法专题状语从句（9页word版）

【英语】2019届二轮复习语法专题状语从句（9页word版）

‎2019届二轮复习语法专题状语从句 状语从句 ‎1．时间状语从句 ‎(1)when, while与as引导的时间状语从句 连词 从句谓语动词 用法 when 延续性动词、非延续性动词 从句的动作和主句的动作可以同时发生，也可以先后发生 while 延续性动词 从句的动作与主句的动作同时发生 as 延续性动词 强调主从句动作相伴发生，可译为“一边……一边……；随着”‎ Metals expand when they are heated.‎ 金属受热时膨胀。‎ While/When I was reading, he came in.‎ 我正在看书时，他进来了。‎ The students sang as they walked.‎ 学生们边走边唱。‎ As a young man (＝ When he was a young man), he was fond of hunting.‎ 他年轻时喜欢打猎。‎ ‎(2)before与since引导的时间状语从句 ‎①before与since的常用句式 连词 词义 常用句式 before 在……之前，还未……就……；……才……；趁……，还没来得及……‎ ‎(1)It will (not) be＋一段时间＋before ...“(没有)过……(时间)才(就)……”‎ ‎(2) It was not long before ...“不久……就……”‎ ‎(3) It was＋时间段＋before ...“过了……(时间)才……”‎ since 自从……以来 It is/has been＋一段时间＋since ...(从句用一般过去时)‎ It will be half a year before I come back.‎ 我半年之后才回来。‎ It won't be long before we meet again.‎ 用不了多久我们就会再见面。‎ It was three days before he came back.‎ 三天后他才回来。‎ ‎②since引导的从句如果用非延续性动词，所表示的是自从句谓语动作算起；若用延续性动词或状态动词，所表示的就是自动作或状态的完成或结束时算起。‎ It's two years since we arrived here.‎ 我们到这儿两年了。‎ It's three years since we lived here.‎ 我们不住在这里有三年了。‎ ‎(3)表示“一……就……”含义的词(短语)引导的时间状语从句 ‎①引导时间状语从句，且表示“一……就……”含义的词或短语有as soon as, the moment, the minute, immediately, directly, hardly/scarcely ... when/before, no sooner ... than ...等。‎ Directly you feel any pains, you must go to the doctor.‎ 你一感觉疼痛就必须去找医生。‎ We will leave the minute you are ready.‎ 你一准备好，我们就出发。‎ ‎②hardly/scarcely ... when/before, no sooner ... than ...中主句应用过去完成时，从句应用一般过去时；当no sooner ...和hardly/scarcely ...位于句首时，主句要部分倒装。‎ No sooner had we arrived at the station than the train left.‎ 我们刚到火车站火车就开了。‎ ‎(4)until与till引导的时间状语从句 ‎①until与till引导时间状语从句的区别 连词 位置 用法 until not ... until 可以放在句首 可用于强调句型 till 不可放在句首 一般不用于强调句型 I had waited a long time till/until he came back.‎ 他回来时我已等了很长时间。‎ It was not until he told me about it again that I had any idea of it.‎ 直到他又告诉我一遍我才明白。‎ ‎②not until位于句首时，主句要部分倒装。‎ Not until he comes will we start our discussion.‎ 直到他来了我们才能开始讨论。‎ ‎③until/till用于肯定句时主句的谓语动词是延续性动词，用于否定句时主句的谓语动词是非延续性动词。‎ They waited till/until I returned.‎ 他们一直等到我回来。‎ ‎(5)引导时间状语从句的其他常见连词(短语)‎ ‎①其他常见的引导时间状语从句的连词(短语)还有after, whenever, every time, each time, next time, the first/last time, any time, by the time, the day/year等。‎ Whenever we met with difficulties, they came to help us.‎ 每当我们遇到困难，他们就来帮助我们。‎ ‎②by the time引导的时间状语从句如果用一般现在时，主句则用将来完成时；从句如果用一般过去时，主句则用过去完成时。‎ By the time you come back, we will have finished the job.‎ 到你回来的时候，我们将已经完成了这项工作。‎ By the time we got there, the rain had stopped.‎ 到我们到达那儿时，雨已经停了。‎ ‎2．条件状语从句 ‎(1)引导条件状语从句的常见从属连词有if, unless, as/so long as, in case (万一), once, on condition that, provided/providing (that), supposing/suppose (that)等。‎ You'll be late unless you get up earlier.‎ 除非你早点起床，否则你会迟到的。‎ As long as you don't lose heart, you will succeed.‎ 只要你不灰心，你就会成功。‎ Supposing that they refuse us, who else can we turn to for help?‎ 假如他们拒绝了我们，我们还能求助于谁呢？‎ They agreed to lend us the car on condition that we return it before the weekend.‎ 他们同意把车借给我们，条件是我们必须在周末以前归还。‎ ‎(2)在条件状语从句中，用一般现在时代替一般将来时，一般过去时代替过去将来时。‎ In case there is a fire, what will we do first?‎ 万一发生火灾，我们首先做什么？‎ ‎3．让步状语从句 ‎(1)although, though, as与while引导的让步状语从句 ‎①although引导让步状语从句时，只能用正常语序； though引导让步状语从句时，可用正常语序，也可用倒装语序；as引导让步状语从句时只能用倒装语序，即从句中的表语、状语或动词原形置于句首，若表语是单数名词，前置时要省略冠词。‎ Although/Though he may be troubled, he always presents a calm smiling face.‎ 尽管他可能会遇到麻烦，但他总是露出平静的微笑。‎ Much as/though I have traveled, I have never seen anyone who's as capable as John.‎ 虽然我已经去过很多地方，但我从未见过像约翰这么能干的人。‎ Try as he may, he never succeeds.‎ 尽管他很努力，但他从未成功过。‎ ‎②although与though都可以与yet, still, nevertheless连用，但不能和but连用。‎ ‎③though还可以作副词，意为“可是，然而”，置于句末。‎ I have got a cold. It is nothing much, though.‎ 我感冒了，不过不太严重。‎ ‎④while引导让步状语从句时，一般置于句首。‎ While I admit that there are problems, I don't agree that they cannot be solved.‎ 尽管我承认有问题存在，但我不同意说这些问题不能解决。‎ ‎(2)even if与even though引导的让步状语从句 ‎①even if与even though表示“即使，纵然”，有退一步设想的意味，多用于书面语中。‎ ‎②even if与even though引导让步状语从句时，可用虚拟语气，也可以用陈述语气。‎ Even if I were in your place, I wouldn't take the job.‎ 即使我处于你的位置，我也不会接受这份工作。‎ ‎(3)“no matter＋疑问词”与“疑问词＋ever”引导的让步状语从句 ‎①“no matter＋疑问词”相当于“疑问词＋ever”，二者都可以引导让步状语从句。‎ Don't trust him, no matter what/whatever he says.‎ 无论他说什么，不要相信他。‎ ‎②whoever, whatever, whomever, whichever还可以引导名词性从句，但“no matter＋疑问词”不可以。‎ ‎(4)whether ... or (not) ...引导的让步状语从句 Whether you believe it or not, it is true.‎ 不管你相信与否，这是真的。‎ ‎4．原因状语从句 ‎(1)because/as/since/now that 连词(短语)‎ 位置 内涵 语气 能否回答why 能否被强调 because 一般放在主句之后 直接因果关系 强 能 能 as 主句前或后 双方都知道 弱 不能 不能 的原因 since/now that 通常位于主句前 The old man asked Lucy to move to another chair because he wanted to sit next to his wife.‎ 那位老人让露西换坐到另一把椅子上，因为他想挨着妻子坐。‎ I can't go with you, as I have a lot of work to do.‎ 我不能和你一起去，因为我有很多工作要做。‎ Now that/Since everyone is here, let's begin our meeting.‎ 既然大家都在这儿，我们开始开会吧。‎ ‎(2)when (既然), seeing that (鉴于，由于)，considering that (考虑到), in that (因为)等也可以引导原因状语从句 The book is different from that book in that this one is about chemistry and that one about history.‎ 这本书不同于那本书，因为这本是关于化学的而那本是关于历史的。‎ It was foolish of you to take a taxi when you could walk there in five minutes.‎ 既然步行五分钟就能到那里，你却乘出租车，真够愚蠢的。‎ ‎5．结果状语从句 ‎(1)引导结果状语从句的从属连词有：so that, so ... that ..., such ... that ...。在非正式语体中，由so ... that ..., such ... that ...引导的句子中的that可以省略，注意其结构：‎ Mike is such an honest worker that we all believe in him.‎ ‎＝Mike is so honest a worker that we all believe in him.‎ 迈克是一个如此诚实的工人，以至于我们都信任他。‎ It is such fine weather that we all want to go to the park.‎ 天气如此晴朗，以至于我们都想去公园。‎ He earned so little money that he couldn't support his family.‎ 他挣这么少的钱，以至于他养不起家。‎ ‎[名师指津]　为了强调形容词和副词，当so或such置于句首时，主句要用倒装语序。‎ So clever a student was he that he was able to work out all the difficult questions.‎ 他是一个如此聪明的学生，以至于能够解出所有难题。‎ ‎(2)such ... that ...引导的状语从句与such ... as ...引导的定语从句的区别。‎ 首先观察两个句子：‎ ‎①He is such a clever boy as everyone likes.(like后少宾语，as要在从句中充当成分，故该句为定语从句)‎ 他是一个人人都喜爱的聪明孩子。‎ ‎②He is such a clever boy that everyone likes him.(从句中不缺成分，故该句为状语从句)‎ 他是一个如此聪明的孩子，以至于人人都喜欢他。‎ ‎6．其他状语从句 状语从句类型 从属连词 地点状语从句 where, wherever, everywhere, anywhere 目的状语从句 so that, in order that, in case (以免，以防), for fear that (唯恐，以防)‎ 方式状语从句 as, as if/though 比较状语从句 as ...as, not as/so ... as, the same ... as, 比较级＋than We must camp where we can get water.‎ 我们必须在能找到水的地方露营。‎ I'll speak slowly so that you can make sense of what I said.‎ 我会说得慢一些以便让你听懂我说的话。‎ The old lady treats the boy as if he were her own son.‎ 那个老太太对待那个男孩就好像他是她的亲生儿子一样。‎ He is taller than any other student in our school.‎ 他比我们学校的任何一个学生都高。‎ ‎[名师指津]　①so that与in order that引导目的状语从句时，常与can, could, may, might连用，in order that引导的目的状语从句可以置于主句前或后，但so that引导的从句只能置于主句后。‎ ‎②what引导的比较状语从句的句式：A is to B what C is to D．A对B而言正如C对D一样。‎ Air is to us what water is to fish.‎ 空气之于我们就如同水之于鱼一样(重要)。‎ ‎[命题点感悟]　　 考什么·考多少·怎么考 ‎ Ⅰ.单句语法填空 ‎①(2017·浙江高考)Pahlsson screamed ________loudly that her daughter came running from the house.‎ 解析： so　分析句子结构可知，此处为so ... that ...句式，表示“如此……以至于……”，so在此处修饰副词loudly。‎ ‎②(2016·全国卷Ⅲ)Over time，________ the population grew, people began cutting food into small pieces so it would cook more quickly. ‎ 解析： as/when　句意：慢慢地，随着人口的增加(或：当人口增加时)，为了使食物熟得更快，人们开始把食物切成小块。根据句意可知，as/when引导时间状语从句。‎ ‎③(2016·四川高考)The mother held the baby in her front paws much the way a human does.________ it cried，she rocked it back and forth and gave it little comforting pats.‎ 解析： When/If　第二句句意：当它哭的时候/如果它哭了，熊猫妈妈会来回摇晃它，轻轻拍打，给它安慰。根据句意可知，when (当……时)和if (如果)用在此处都合适。‎ ‎④(2014·辽宁高考)Unbelievable! Oh ...，________ you don't mind, I'll stop and take a deep breath.‎ 解析： if　句意：……如果你不介意，我要停下来做一下深呼吸。根据句意可知，应填if引导条件状语从句。‎ Ⅱ.单句改错 ‎①(2017·全国卷Ⅰ)I was so much nervous that I could hardly tell which direction was left.‎ 解析： 去掉much　此处是so ...that ...句型，表示“如此……以至于……”。so修饰后面的形容词nervous，所以much在此处是多余的。‎ ‎②(2015·陕西高考)My only mistake was that I dropped some on the floor after I was packing them up. ‎ 解析： after→when/while　句意：我所犯的唯一的错误就是当我打包它们(饼干)的时候，掉在了地上一些。when/while“当……的时候”，after“在……之后”。根据句意应将after改为when/while。‎ ‎③(2015·浙江高考)If I was only a child when I studied in that classroom, I will never forget it.‎ 解析： If→Although/Though　句意：尽管在那个教室学习时我仅仅是一个孩子，但我永远忘不了它。根据句意可知，此处并不存在条件关系，而是表示让步，应将if改为although或though。‎ ‎④(2014·大纲卷)And it is wise to have as many good friends that we can.‎ 解析： that→as　as many ...as we can为固定句式，as引导比较状语从句。‎ ‎⑤(2014·全国卷Ⅰ)Although we allow tomato plants to grow in the same place year after year, but we have never had any disease or insect attack problems.‎ 解析： but→yet或去掉but　在让步状语从句中，although不可以与but连用，但可以与yet连用。‎ ‎[专题过关训练] ‎ ‎[题点全面练]‎ Ⅰ.单句语法填空 ‎1．But you don't know that when I started senior English in the beginning, I found it difficult and quite different from what we had learned in junior school.‎ ‎2．(2018·辽宁沈阳模拟)Now I have made such great progress in my English ‎ study that I am more interested in learning it than before.‎ ‎3．(2018·甘肃会宁一中模拟)Bravely as/though the players fought, they had no chance of winning.‎ ‎4．(2018·重庆八中模拟)When hunger strikes, we can reach for a healthy, nutritious meal, or we can choose the junk food of high sugar.‎ ‎5．So if you want to eat less, some suggest that eating from blue plates should help.‎ ‎6．(2018·济宁模拟)What we are about to do is perfectly legal. But please don't discuss it with anyone.‎ Ⅱ.单句改错 ‎1．(2018·甘肃会宁一中模拟)When I was 10, once my parents were away on business, but I had to stay at home alone for a day. but→and/so ‎2．There is only a little rain and the weather is neither too hot or too cold. or→nor ‎3．(2018·黑龙江肇东一中模拟)Because the answer seemed a little strange, nobody but I doubted it. Because→Although/Though ‎4．(2018·广东惠州模拟)We can take a bus and ride a bike to get there.and→or ‎5．(2018·华南师大附中模拟)You have to read because you want to become a good reader. because→if ‎6．(2018·广东中山模拟)They said this was so a beautiful day that they would remember it forever. so→such ‎7．(2018·辽宁沈阳模拟)He worriedly asked me to lie down, drink some water or have a good rest. or→and ‎8．(2018·福建泉州模拟)It's good to arrive early so you can get settled after classes start. after→before Ⅲ.运用语法写靓句 ‎1．他正沿着马路骑车上学，这时，一辆小汽车超车抢道，把他撞倒了。(ride, cut in, knock sb. down)‎ He_was_riding_along_the_road_when_a_car_cut_in_and_knocked_him_‎ down.‎ ‎2．我一听到这个消息，就急不可待地想告诉我父母。(can't wait to, the moment)‎ I_couldn't_wait_to_tell_my_parents_the_moment_I_heard_the_news.‎ ‎3．虽然政府已经采取了一些措施，但是污染却越来越严重。(although, take some measures, get)‎ Although_the_government_has_taken_some_measures,_the_pollution_is_still_getting_worse_and_worse.‎ ‎4．既然你不得不整天待在教室里，你还是全身心地投入到学习上为好。(now that, might as well, put one's heart into)‎ Now_that_you_have_to_stay_in_the_classroom_all_day,_you_might_as_well_put_your_heart_into_your_studies.‎ ‎5．当你读书的时候，你最好在你不理解的地方做个标记。(make a mark)‎ When_you_are_reading,_you'd_better_make_a_mark_where_you_don't_understand.‎ ‎6．他看起来好像前一天夜里没有睡觉一样。(look, sleep a wink)‎ He_looked_as_if_he_hadn't_slept_a_wink_the_night_before.‎