【英语】2019届二轮复习短文语法填空解题技巧11招（6页word版）

【英语】2019届二轮复习短文语法填空解题技巧11招（6页word版）

‎2019届二轮复习短文语法填空解题技巧11招 高考英语语法填空主要考查学生在英语词汇、语法，甚至是句法上的运用能力，能更科学地反映学生的英语综合水平。只要有扎实的英语基础知识并辅之以相应的解题技巧，考生就能拿到高分。‎ 历年考点 高考语法填空题考查过的考点有：时态和语态、非谓语动词、助动词、形容词、副词、名词、冠词、代词、介词、连词、连接词、关系词、祈使句。‎ 这些考点共涉及到《英语课程标准》中的19个语法项目，暂时在高考中没有考到的语法项目有：数词、省略、倒装、强调、虚拟语气。另外，动词中的情态动词以及除一般现在时、一般过去时和现在完成时外的时态目前均没有在高考中考查过。‎ ‎ 本题型分两种情况：一种为有提示词，一种为无提示词。今天给大家分享11个破解语法填空的实用技巧，助你高考英语语法填空轻松拿高分！‎ 有提示词题型 这种考查形式主要考查词性转换、名词单复数变化、形容词或副词的比较级与最高级变化、动词的时态和语态（含主谓一致）以及动词的非谓语形式。这类题同样需先判断设空处在句中的功能，其次再确定该用什么形式。‎ ‎1提示词是动词 动词的变化是语法填空题考查的重点之一。提示词为动词时可能考查谓语动词、非谓语动词或名词等。‎ a. 考查谓语动词时需考虑时态、语态、主谓一致等。如：‎ Steam engines ________ (use) to pull the carriages and it must have been ...‎ 解析：此处描述的是1863年伦敦地铁的情况，主语Steam engines是复数，且是谓语动词use所表示动作的承受者，故填were used。‎ b. 考查非谓语动词时需考虑用动词-ing形式、过去分词还是不定式，同时还要考虑非谓语动词的时态和语态。如：‎ ‎【例1】My ambassadorial duties will include ________ (introduce) British visitors to the 120-plus pandas at Chengdu and others at a research centre ... ‎ 解析：设空处作宾语，且表示多次重复发生的动作，故填introducing。‎ ‎【例2】Skilled workers also combine various hardwoods and metal ‎ ‎________ (create) special designs.‎ 解析：workers与create之间是逻辑上的主谓关系，且此处表目的，故填to create。‎ c. 考查名词时需注意名词的数。如：‎ Magically, that show remains the Great Jason's best ________ (perform) to this day.‎ 解析：由the Great Jason's best可知设空处应填名词且意为“表演”，再根据that show remains可知应用单数形式，故填performance。‎ ‎2提示词是形容词 此时可能考查提示词的反义词、副词、比较等级或名词等。‎ a. 考查提示词的反义词时需根据文章逻辑判断。如：‎ A person's weight is private, and making comments about it is definitely considered ________ (polite).‎ 解析：由private（私密的）可知，评论别人的体重被认为是不礼貌的，故填impolite。‎ b. 考查副词时，设空处修饰动词、形容词或整个句子。如：‎ The title will be ________ (official) given to me at a ceremony in London.‎ 解析：设空处修饰谓语动词，故填副词officially。‎ c. 考查比较等级时，应考虑用比较级还是最高级。如：‎ If you feel stressed by responsibilities at work, you should take a step back and identify (识别) those of ________ (great) and less importance.‎ 解析：and连接并列成分，由and后的less可知应填great的比较级greater。此处意为“识别较重要的和不太重要的”。‎ d. 考查名词时，需注意名词的数。如：‎ In addition to their simple beauty, what makes the adobe dwellings admirable is their ________ (able) to “air condition” a house without using electric equipment.‎ 解析：设空处意为“能力”，即不用电器就能调节室温的这一种能力，故填ability。‎ ‎3提示词是副词 此时可能考查比较等级或其反义形式。如：‎ ‎【例1】We've been describing New Zealand as a rock star in the sense that it has been doing ________ (well) than almost all of the other developed world economies over the past couple of years.‎ 解析：由than可知此处需填比较级，且此处意为“做得更好”，故填well的比较级better。‎ ‎【例2】He was well hidden, but at last he was ________ (luckily) found.‎ 解析：由well hidden和but可知，此处意为“不幸地被发现了”，故填unluckily。‎ ‎4提示词是名词 此时可能考查名词的数或形容词。如：‎ a. 名词的数通常需要根据主语、谓语、定语等来判断。如：‎ ‎【例1】This trend ... has had some unintended side ________ (effect) such as overweight and heart disease — the very thing the medical community was trying to fight. ‎ 解析：由some及overweight and heart disease可知，“这个趋势有一些没有预料到的负作用”，故填effect的复数形式effects。‎ ‎【例2】It ran for just under seven kilometers and allowed people to avoid terrible ________ (crowd) on the roads above ...‎ 解析：由形容词terrible和括号中的crowd可知，此处应填名词，意为“人群”；作此义项讲时crowd是可数名词，再结合句意可知应填其复数形式crowds。‎ b. 形容词通常作定语或表语。如：‎ As ________ (nature) architects, the Pueblo Indians figured out exactly ... ‎ 解析：设空处作定语修饰名词architects，故填natural（天生的）。‎ 无提示词题型 这种形式考查的内容主要是冠词、介词、助动词、连词、关系词和固定结构等。因为没有提示词，所以考生需要根据一些固定结构、短文大意、上下文的逻辑关系及对一些长难句结构的分析来确定所填内容。‎ ‎5考查冠词 主要考查冠词的基本用法及短语中的冠词。如：‎ The nursery team switches him every few days with his sister so that while one is being bottle-fed, ________ other is with mum — she never suspects.‎ 解析：短语one ... the other ...意为“一个……另一个……”，符合题意，故填the。‎ ‎6考查介词 主要考查介词的基本用法及短语中的介词。如：‎ Drinking my iced coffee I ran my fingers along the streets ________ the hotel to the opera hall.‎ 解析：此处意为“从……到……”，故填from。‎ ‎7考查助动词 需要找出所缺成分并考虑时态。如：‎ Then the driver stood up and asked, “________ anyone lose a suitcase at the last stop?”‎ 解析：由asked和问号可知引号中内容是个疑问句，同时分析句子结构可知设空处需填助动词，再由句中的last stop可知句中的谓语应用一般过去时，故填Did。‎ ‎8考查连词 包括并列连词和从属连词。如：‎ I made my way backstage just ________ the great magician was putting on his top hat.‎ 解析：设空处引导状语从句，且此处意为“正当……时”，故填as / when。‎ ‎9考查连接词 包括连接代词和连接副词。如：‎ It's amazing ________ often people say “If I can help just one ...”.‎ 解析：设空处引导主语从句，且修饰often，故填how。‎ ‎10考查关系词 关键在于分析句子结构并找出先行词。如：‎ ‎... the ring ... was spread over the garden, ________ it remained until the carrot's leafy top accidentally sprouted (生长) through it.‎ 解析：设空处引导非限制性定语从句修饰先行词garden，且在从句中作地点状语，故填where。‎ ‎11考查固定结构 包括固定短语和句型。如：‎ Pahlsson screamed ________ loudly that her daughter came running from the house. ‎ 解析：分析句子结构可知，此处考查so ... that ... 句型，意为“如此……以致于……”。so修饰副词loudly。‎ 典题演练 阅读下面的短文，在空白处填入一个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。‎ What can you do if shops don’t sell the clothes you want? How can you  get the clothes you want if you don’t have much cash? ‎ Young 1. ________ (create) people in the UK have always come up 2.  ________ ways to express their individuality through their clothes. “Printing  your own T-shirt is 3. ________ easiest and ‎ most common way to adapt clothes,”  John said. “You don’t have to make a T-shirt. You can buy a cheap T-shirt and  add an image of your choice.”‎ Everyone 4. ________ (know) students don’t have a lot of money. That  doesn’t have to be a problem if you’ve got a bit of 5. ________ (imagine) and a  sewing machine. “Once I found a pair of trousers 6. ________ I liked but I  couldn’t afford them. I bought some cloth of the same colour and copied the  trousers, 7. ________ (use) my mum’s sewing machine,” Corinne said. “I went back  to the shop wearing my homemade trousers 8. ________ (see) if they were the same  as the ones in the shop. And I thought they were much better!”‎ Buying second-hand clothes is another fashion option for many young  Brits to get individual styles. “I 9. ________ (real) love changing second-hand  clothes. I can make skirts shorter or longer. Sometimes I just change all the  10. ________ (button) to give clothes a new look. By adapting these clothes you  can be sure you will always have something original as well as cheap,” said  Helen.‎ 答案及解析：‎ ‎1. creative。考查形容词作定语的用法。设空处修饰people，表示“有创造力的”，故填creative。‎ ‎2. with。考查介词。come up with意为“想出”。‎ ‎3. the。考查定冠词。形容词最高级前常用定冠词the。‎ ‎4. knows。考查一般现在时。由语境可知，know所表示的动作是对一般情况的描述，应用一般现在时，又因为主语是Everyone，故填knows。‎ ‎5. imagination。考查名词。设空处作of的宾语，表示“想象力”，故填imagination ‎6. that / which。考查关系代词。设空处引导限制性定语从句修饰 a pair of trousers，且在从句中作liked的宾语，故填 that /  which。‎ ‎7. using。考查动词-ing形式作状语的用法。I 与use之间是逻辑上的主谓关系，且use所表示的动作与谓语动词copied所表示的动作同时发生，故填using。‎ ‎8. to  see。考查不定式作状语的用法。“我穿着自制的裤子回到商店”的目的是“看看他们跟店里的是不是一样”，故填to see。‎ ‎9. really。考查副词。设空处修饰动词love，表示“非常”，故填really。‎ ‎10. buttons。考查名词复数。由前面的all可知，应用名词复数，故填buttons。‎