高考英语一轮复习精讲学案：必修5 Unit 1　Great scientists

高考英语一轮复习精讲学案：必修5 Unit 1　Great scientists

Unit 1　Great scientists Ⅰ.重点单词聚焦 ‎1．We were________(击败，打败) 0－1 in the football game，which made us very upset.‎ 答案：　defeated ‎2．Some________(专家) in the field of English teaching have been invited to give us a lecture.‎ 答案：　experts ‎3．Environmental pollution is one of the most serious____________(挑战) we face.‎ 答案：　challenges ‎4．The police________(怀疑) the man in the red jacket was a criminal，but they didn’t have any evidence.‎ 答案：　suspected ‎5．So busy was the mother that she had to ask her neighbor to ________(照顾) her baby for a day.‎ 答案：　attend ‎6．After graduating from college，he became an excellent________(内科医生)．‎ 答案：　physician ‎7．Happiness，instead of medicine，was the________(治愈方法) for her illness.‎ 答案：　cure/treatment ‎8．People all around the world tried to help the________(受害者) of the earthquake in that area.‎ 答案：　victims ‎9．Richardson________(推断出) from his studies that equality between the sexes is still a long way off.‎ 答案：　concluded ‎10．You’d better not be________(暴露) to the sun too long；it may lead to skin diseases.‎ 答案：　exposed Ⅱ.重点短语扫描 ‎1．put 　　　　　　提出 ‎2． ...to 　　　使显露；暴露 ‎3．apart 　　　除……之外；此外 ‎4．make 　　　讲得通；有意义 ‎5．draw a 　　　得出结论 ‎6．link... ...　　　将……和……联系或连接起来 ‎7．be with...　　　对……严格的 ‎8．make for　　　为……腾地方 ‎9．be to 　　　应受谴责，应负责任 forward expose from sense conclusion to strict room blame ‎10．be 　　　违背，反对 ‎11．point of 　　　态度，观点，看法 ‎12．slow 　　　减速 ‎13．lead 　　　通向，导致 ‎14．look 　　　调查 against view down to into Ⅲ.课文原句突破 ‎1．人们不知道它的病源，也不了解它的治疗方法。‎ ‎________its cause________its cure was understood.‎ 答案：　Neither；nor ‎2．每次暴发霍乱时，都有大批惊恐的老百姓病死。‎ So many thousands of terrified people died________ ________ there was an outbreak.‎ 答案：　every time ‎ ‎3．为防止这种情况再度发生，约翰·斯诺建议所有水源都要经过检测。‎ ‎________ ________ this from happening again，John Snow suggested that the source of all the water supplies________ ________.‎ 答案：　To prevent；be examined ‎4．只有当你把太阳放在中心位置上，天空中其他行星的运动才能说得清楚。‎ ‎________ ________you put the sun there________the movements of the other planets in the sky make sense.‎ 答案：　Only if；did ‎5．他把太阳固定在太阳系的中心位置上，而行星围绕着它转，只有月球仍绕着地球转。‎ He placed a fixed sun at the centre of the solar system ________the planets ________round it and only the moon still going round the earth.‎ 答案：　with；going conclusion n．[C，U] 结论；结束 教材原句P1：Draw a conclusion得出结论 ‎①We may conclude from his appearance that he is a heavy smoker.从他的外表我们可以断定他烟抽得很凶。‎ ‎②We concluded the meeting with an English song.‎ 我们以一首英语歌结束这次会议。‎ ‎③They came to the conclusion that it was a thief who had stolen their diamond necklace.他们断定是小偷偷走了他们的钻石项链。‎ ‎④We will have a further discussion before we draw a final conclusion.我们将作进一步的讨论，然后再作出最终结论。‎ ‎⑤In conclusion，I think there is hope for the future.‎ 总之， 我认为将来还有希望。‎ ‎1.—Ann seems to be upset.What’s up?‎ ‎—She________from the voice on the line that her mother is not satisfied with her test scores.‎ A．includes　　　　　　 　 　 B．concludes C．suggests　　　 D．contains 解析：　下句意为：她根据电话中的声音判定母亲对她的考试成绩不满意。‎ 答案：　B defeat (defeated；defeated) vt.打败；战胜；使受挫；n.失败 教材原句P2：JOHN SNOW DEFEATS “KING CHOLERA”‎ 约翰·斯诺战胜“霍乱王”‎ ‎①The army was welltrained and wellarmed，and had little difficulty defeating the enemy.‎ 这支部队装备齐全又受过良好的训练，打败敌人没有困难。‎ ‎②Although there were lots of difficulties to overcome，she never let her problems defeat her.‎ 虽然生活中有许多困难，但她从不让困难打败自己。‎ ‎③Our baseball team has suffered another defeat.‎ 我们的棒球队再次失败。‎ 辨析：defeat，beat与win 这三个词都有“赢”的意思，但用法不尽相同。‎ ‎(1)defeat和beat都可接sb.作宾语，一般可以互换，其宾语通常是“人”或“一个团体”，如a team，a class，a school，an army等。另外，defeat还可用于指战争中“击败”敌军或入侵者。‎ ‎(2)win后接sth.，如game，war，prize，love，respect等；后接sb.时表示“争取某人”。‎ ‎2.用win，beat或defeat填空：‎ ‎(1)Much to his disappointment，he was badly ________in the election.‎ ‎(2)Who do you think will________the beauty contest?‎ ‎(3)You________me in the race，but I’ll________you at tennis.‎ 答案：　(1)defeated　(2)win　(3)beat/defeated；beat/defeat expose vt.暴露，揭露；使曝光；使面临 教材原句P2：But he became inspired when he thought about helping ordinary people exposed to cholera.但当他一想到要帮助(那些)受到霍乱威胁的普通百姓，他就感到很振奋。‎ ‎①Don’t expose your skin to direct sunlight，or you’ll get sunburnt.不要让你的皮肤直接暴晒于阳光下，否则你会被晒伤。‎ ‎②The bicycle was exposed to the wind and rain.‎ 那辆自行车任由风吹雨打。‎ ‎③We want to expose the kids to as much art and culture as possible.我们想让孩子们受到尽可能多的艺术和文化熏陶。‎ ‎④As a nurse in the war she was exposed to many dangers.‎ 作为战地护士，她置身于危险之中。‎ ‎3.完成句子 暴露在阳光下太久对皮肤有伤害。‎ ‎________________________sunlight for too much time will do harm to your skin.‎ 答案：　Being exposed to ‎ absorb vt.吸收；吸引；使专心；并入，并吞 教材原句P2：The second suggested that people absorbed this disease into their bodies with their meals.‎ 第二种看法表明人们是在吃饭时把这种病毒引入体内的。‎ ‎(1)absorb one’s attention吸引某人注意 ‎(2)absorbed adj.聚精会神的；专心致志的，极感兴趣的 be absorbed by/into被……吞并，被……所吸收 be absorbed/buried in全神贯注于 ‎①I was so absorbed in this book that I didn’t hear you come in.‎ 我正入神地看这本书，连你进来也没听见。‎ ‎②Absorbed in his work，Tom simply forgot food and sleep.‎ 汤姆专心于工作，几乎忘记了吃饭和睡觉。‎ ‎③The big company has gradually absorbed these small companies into its own organization.‎ 这家大公司渐渐把这些小公司吞并了。‎ ‎4.(2010·河南省实验中学模拟)For the next two hours she was________the film，so she didn’t notice what happened around her.‎ A．engaged in　　　 B．busy with C．absorbed in　　　 D．occupied with 解析：　考查短语辨析。句意为：在此后的两个小时里，她在专心看电影，因而没有注意到周围所发生的事情。be engaged in从事；be busy with忙于；be absorbed in全神贯注于；be occupied with忙于。‎ 答案：　C ‎5．________in her new novel，the young writer kept thinking and writing for a dozen hours in her study.‎ A．Having deeply absorbed　　　 B．Deeply absorbing C．Deeply having been absorbed　 D．Deeply absorbed 解析：　本题考查非谓语动词的用法。短语be absorbed in的意思为“专心于”。‎ 答案：　D blame vt.责备；谴责；把……归咎于是；n.过失；责备 教材原句P2：It seemed that the water was to blame.‎ 看来水是罪魁祸首。 ‎ ‎①The police blamed the traffic accident on Jack’s careless driving.警察把那起交通事故归咎于杰克的粗心驾驶。‎ ‎②I don’t blame you for doing that.‎ 我不责备你做了那事。‎ ‎③The driver was not to blame for the traffic accident.‎ 这位司机不应承担交通事故。‎ ‎④You must bear the blame for the accident.‎ 你必须承担这次事故的责任。‎ ‎6.(安徽高考)Mr Green stood up in defence of the 16yearold boy，saying that he was not the one ________.‎ A．blamed　　　 B．blaming C．to blame　　　 D．to be blamed 解析：　he was not the one to blame意为“他不是那个应该受责备的人”。‎ 答案：　C ‎7．(福建高考)________for the breakdown of the school computer network，Alice was in low spirits.‎ A．Blaming　　　 B．Blamed C．To blame　　　 D．To be blamed 解析：　本题考查非谓语动词的用法。句意为：Alice因为电脑网络故障被责备，情绪很低落。非谓语形式用做原因状语，主语是这个动作的承受者，故用过去分词blame。D项to be blamed有将要的意思。‎ 答案：　B ‎8．Don’t always_______your own failure_______others.Sometimes you yourself________.‎ A．blame；on；are to be blamed　　　‎ B．blame；for；are to blame C．blame；on；are to blame　　　‎ D．blame；for；are to be blamed 解析：　句意为：不要总把失败归咎于他人。有时该责怪你自己。blame sth.on sb.把……归咎于某人；be to blame该受责备，要用主动式表被动意义。‎ 答案：　C contribute vt.‎& vi.捐款；贡献；捐助 ‎①He contributed some money to the flood victims.‎ 他捐出一些钱给遭受水灾的难民。‎ ‎②Our teacher tells us that exercise contributes to good health.‎ 我们的老师告诉我们锻炼有助于身体健康。‎ ‎③He has made great contributions to a space development program.他对太空发展计划有很大贡献。‎ ‎④Many people contributed money to the poor boy，which contributed to his returning to school.A writer wrote a story about it and contributed it to a newspaper.‎ 许多人给这个可怜的小男孩捐钱，这使他重新回到了校园。一位作家写了一篇关于此事的文章并把它投到了报社。‎ ‎9.Eating too much fat can________heart diseases and cause high blood pressure.‎ A．result from　　　 B．contribute to C．attend to　　　 D．devote to 解析：　contribute to导致，其后常接表示结果的名词。‎ 答案：　B put forward 提出(建议)；推荐；将……提前 教材原句P1：Who put forward a theory about black holes?‎ 谁提出的黑洞理论？‎ ‎①He put forward a very good suggestion at the meeting.‎ 他在会上提了一个很好的建议。‎ ‎②The plan put forward by the old professor was well worth considering.那位老教授提出的计划很值得考虑。‎ ‎③They have put forward the date of their wedding by one week.‎ 他们将婚礼日期提前了一周。‎ put aside节省；储蓄；储存 put away放好；积蓄 put off延期；推迟 put on穿上；演出 put out熄灭；生产 put up举起；张贴；公布；挂起；建造 ‎④Never put off till tomorrow what you can to today.‎ 今日事今日毕。‎ ‎⑤It’s wise to have some money put away for old age.‎ 存些钱养老是明智的做法。‎ ‎⑥They have put up a lot of highrise buildings recently.‎ 最近他们盖起来很多高楼大厦。‎ ‎10.完成句子 The manager was very satisfied with the suggestion that Mr Smith________________________(昨天在会议上提出的)．‎ 答案：　put forward at the meeting yesterday apart from除……之外；此外 教材原句P4：Apart from the construction mentioned above you have also learned the following phrases.‎ 除了以上提到的结构，你也学过下面的词组。‎ ‎①Apart from you，I had no one to talk to.(相当于but/except)‎ 除了你，我再也没有可交谈的人了。‎ ‎②Apart from a few faults，he is a respectable teacher.(相当于except for)除几个缺点外，他是个值得尊敬的老师。‎ ‎③This essay is good apart from a couple of spelling mistakes.‎ 除了有些拼写错误，这篇文章写得不错。‎ in addition to相当于介词besides，表示“除……以外还”。‎ ‎④In addition to giving a general introduction to computers，the course also provide practical experience.‎ 课程除了介绍一般电脑知识之外，还提供实际操作的机会。‎ ‎11.(2010·杭州学军中学模拟)________its low cost，the appeal of iron as a building material lies in its strength，its resistance to fire，and its potential to span vast areas.‎ A．Other than　　　 B．Apart from C．Except for　　　 D．Rather than 解析：　句意为：除了低成本外，对作为建筑材料的铁的需求在于其自身的优点，耐火性以及在其他广泛领域中的应用潜能。apart from在此处相当于介词besides，符合语意。other than除了；except for除……以外，rather than胜于，均不符合语意。‎ 答案：　B ‎12．She knows nothing about her new neighbor________he moved into the building last Sunday.‎ A．except that　　　 B．except C．apart from　　　 D．besides 解析：　此题考查except后跟宾语从句的用法，except后连词不可省略。‎ 答案：　A make sense有意义；有道理；讲得通 教材原句P7：Only if you put the sun there did the movements of the other planets in the sky make sense.只有把太阳放在中心位置上，天空中其他行星的运动才能讲得通。‎ ‎①This sentence just doesn’t make sense，no matter how you read it.无论你怎样读这个句子，它还是讲不通。‎ ‎②It makes no sense to buy that expensive coat when these cheaper ones are just as good.‎ 这些便宜的大衣也很好，何必非买那件贵的不可呢？‎ make sense of理解，明白 make no sense没道理，没意义 there is no sense in doing sth.做……没道理 in a sense在某一方面；就某种意义来说 in no sense决不 ‎③Only after I read the poem a second time did I make sense of it.‎ 我把这首诗又读了一遍之后才理解了它的含义。‎ ‎④There’s no sense in getting angry about it.‎ 为此生气是没有意思的。‎ ‎⑤You are right in a sense，but you don’t know all the facts.‎ 在某种意义上你是对的，但你不了解全部事实。‎ ‎13.—What’s the central idea of the passage，Bob?‎ ‎—Sorry，I can’t make________of it.It’s beyond my ability.‎ A．judgement　　　 B．understanding C．idea　　　 D．sense 解析：　句意为：——Bob，这篇文章的中心思想是什么？——对不起，我不明白(这篇文章)。这超出我的能力范围了。make sense of明白，理解。‎ 答案：　D Neither its cause，nor its cure was understood.‎ 人们既不知道其起因，又不知道它的治疗方法。‎ neither...nor...既不……，也不……，连接句中两个相同成分。‎ ‎①Neither my father nor I was there.‎ 我父亲和我都不在那里。‎ ‎②I have neither time nor money for the ball.‎ 我既没时间也没钱参加舞会。 ‎ ‎③If Joe’s wife won’t go to the party，neither will I.‎ 如果Joe的妻子不参加晚会，我也不去。‎ ‎④The man never went to school，so he could neither read nor write.这个人从来没上过学，因此他既不会读也不会写。‎ ‎14.Bill wasn’t happy about the delay of the report by Jason，and________.‎ A．I was neither　　　 B．neither was I C．I was either　　　 D．either was I 解析：　句意为：比尔对Jason做报告推迟这件事表示不高兴，我也不高兴。根据题意可知，我也不 (高兴)，neither/nor＋系动词/助动词/情态动词＋sb.表示某人也不 (同意或赞成上文的观点)，易把either看做neither，无either was I句式，故选B。‎ 答案：　B So many thousands of terrified people died every time there was an outbreak.‎ 每次爆发霍乱时，都有大批惊恐的老百姓病死。‎ ‎(1)every time引导一个时间状语从句，相当于whenever，意 思是“每当……”。‎ ‎ (2)名词词组作连词用，引导时间状语从句的有：‎ every time，each time，any time，the last time，next time，the ‎ first time，the moment，the second，the minute，the hour，the day等。‎ ‎ (3)有些副词，如directly，instantly，immediately也可引导状 语从句。‎ ‎①Every time I catch a cold，I have pains in my back.‎ 我每次感冒背就痛。‎ ‎②The first time I climbed onto the wall，I felt very nervous.‎ 我第一次爬到墙上去时，感到很紧张。‎ ‎③She let out a cry the moment she saw the snake.‎ 她一看到蛇就叫了起来。‎ ‎④I left immediately the clock struck 5.‎ 钟刚敲了五下我就离开了。‎ ‎(1)for the first time是介词短语，只可作时间状语，而the first time是连词，引导时间状语从句。‎ ‎ (2)It is the first time that...如果前面用is，从句动词用现在完成时；如果用was，则用过去完成时。‎ ‎ (3)It’s high/about time that...从句动词用过去时或should＋动词原形。‎ ‎⑤It is the first time that I have been to Beijing.‎ 这是我第一次去北京。‎ ‎⑥It is high time that we left for Beijing.‎ 该到我们出发去北京的时间了。‎ ‎15.(2009·辽宁卷)It’s the first time that he has been to Australia，________？‎ A．isn’t he　　　 B．hasn’t he C．isn’t it　　　 D．hasn’t it 解析：　句意为：这是他第一次到澳大利亚，不是吗？It’s the first time that...‎ 是固定句型，反意疑问句的构成需依据主句的主语和谓语而定。‎ 答案：　C ‎16．(2009·陕西卷)This is the first time we________a film in the cinema together as a family.‎ A．see　　　 B．had seen C．saw　　　 D．have seen 解析：　句意为：这是我们全家第一次到电影院看电影。“This/It is the＋序数词＋time that 从句”为固定句型，that从句需用现在完成时。‎ 答案：　D ‎17．Don’t stop________you meet with a word you don’t understand.‎ A．at the time　　　 B．each time C．by the time　　　 D．sometimes 解析：　考查名词性词组用做连词引导时间状语从句。句意为：不要每次遇到不理解的词就停下来。有类似用法的还有：next time(下次)，last time(上次)，the moment(一……就……)等。而A、D两项不能连接句子，C项意义不对。‎ 答案：　B ‎18．(2011·云南玉溪模拟)________you talk to someone or write a message，you show your skills to others.‎ A．At times　　　 B．Some time C．Every time　　　 D．The time 解析：　句意为：每次你与别人交谈或写信息，你都向别人展示你的技能。every time是名词词组用做连词，引导时间状语从句。‎ 答案：　C To prevent this from happening again，John Snow suggested that the source of all water supplies be examined.为防止这种情况再度发生，约翰·斯诺建议，所有水源都要经过检测。‎ suggest在此意为“建议”，后接从句作宾语时，谓语动词要用should do，should可以省略。‎ ‎①I suggested to him that we should tackle the problem another way.我向他建议我们用另一种方式处理这个问题。‎ ‎②He suggested that we sit down to work out a practical solution.‎ 他建议我们坐下来拟定一个实际的解决办法。‎ ‎(1)suggest后接动词时要用ing形式。‎ ‎(2)suggest意为“暗示”时，表语从句用正常的时态。‎ ‎③The headmaster suggested putting off the sports meeting because of the bad weather.由于天气不好，校长建议推迟运动会。‎ ‎④Her expression on the face suggested that she was not satisfied with what we had done.‎ 她脸上的表情暗示了她对我们做的事情不满意。‎ ‎19.Jane’s pale face suggested that she______ill，and her parents suggested that she________a medical examination.‎ A．be；should have　　　 B．was；have C．should be；had　　　 D．was；has 解析：　句中第一个suggest意为“表明”，从句不用虚拟语气，应用过去时态；第二个suggest意为“建议”，应用虚拟语气，省略了should。‎ 答案：　B Ⅰ.完成句子 ‎1．We are divided into 6 groups to discuss the questions________________(提出) by the teacher.‎ 答案：　put forward ‎2．In the end，he________________(得出结论) that the murderer was one of the four people.‎ 答案：　concluded/drew a/the conclusion ‎3．The camera________________(连接到) a computer so that the photos can be copied onto the computer.‎ 答案：　is linked to ‎4．In fact，________________(除……之外)money，the old man needs more care.‎ 答案：　apart from ‎5．It is not the child but his parents who________________(该负责) for this.‎ 答案：　is to blame ‎6．The police________________(调查) the case for several months but didn’t find any useful clues.‎ 答案：　had looked into ‎7．The bus________________(减速) and stopped as it approached the bus station.‎ 答案：　slowed down ‎8．When the party________________(结束)，the girls left together.‎ 答案：　came to an end Ⅱ.巧思妙解 ‎1．(2011·江西师大附中模拟)________you take part in physical activity________be able to keep fit and stay healthy.‎ A．Only if；you will　　　 B．Only if；will you C．Unless；you will　　　 D．Unless；will you 解析：　考查部分倒装。句意为：只有参加体育锻炼，你才能保持身体健康。“Only＋状语从句”放于句首时，主句要进行部分倒装。此处是“Only＋if引导的条件状语从句”，故主句须用倒装形式，因而排除A、C两项，unless不符合语意，故排除D而选B。‎ 答案：　B ‎ ‎2．Only at the moment________that only________late for the meeting.Everybody else was seated calmly in their places.‎ A．did I realize；I was　　　 B．did I realize；was I C．I realized；I was　　　 D．I realized；was I 解析：　考查倒装句和语序。当only修饰主语之外的句子成分如状语、宾语并与它所修饰的成分一起放在句首时，句子要用倒装，因此第一空用倒装形式；第二空的only修饰宾语从句的主语，此时句子应用正常语序，因此选A。‎ 答案：　A ‎3．Every one of us must know：________we live can we save the earth.‎ A．by changing the way only B．only by changing the way C．by only changing the way D．by changing only the way 解析：　空格后为倒装语序，判定选项应为only＋介词短语。‎ 答案：　B ‎4．________by keeping down costs will PowerData hold its advantage over other companies.‎ A．Only　　　 B．Just C．Still　　　 D．Yet 解析：　only＋介词短语结构。‎ 答案：　A ‎5．—I didn’t invite him to the party but he came anyway and got completely drunk.‎ ‎—________he hadn’t come！The party could have been a success.‎ A．How come　　　 B．Only if C．What if　　　 D．If only 解析：　由上下文语境可看出，空格处表示对过去动作的虚拟，if only要是……就好了。后句意为：要是他没来就好了！聚会本来会很成功。A项，怎么会；B项，只要；C项，倘若……将会怎样，这三项均不符合句意。‎ 答案：　D Ⅲ.语法专练 本单元语法——过去分词作定语和表语 ‎1．(2011·东城检测)Subway Line 4，________into use in September 2009，has made traveling in Beijing easier.‎ A．having been put　　　 B．putting C．being put　　　 D．put 解析：　考查非谓语动词。非谓语动词题目的解题核心在于找出非谓语动词的逻辑主语，然后判断该逻辑主语与此非谓语动词之间的关系。同时要记住以下要点：不定式表示将来的动作；动名词相当于名词；现在分词表示主动或者正在进行的动作；过去分词表示被动或者已经完成的动作。此处逻辑主语是Subway Line 4，与put之间构成动宾关系，现在分词的完成式不作定语，排除A；B项表主动关系；C项表示“正在被投入使用”，据此选D项。‎ 答案：　D ‎2．“Things________never come again！” I couldn’t help talking to myself.‎ A．lost　　　 B．losing C．to lose　　　 D．have lost 解析：　前句意为“失物难寻！”，所以应用过去分词表动作完成，相当于which were lost。‎ 答案：　A ‎3．(2010·四川卷)A great number of students________said they were forced to practise the piano.‎ A．to question　　　B．to be questioned C．questioned　　　D．questioning 解析：　句意为：许多被询问的学生说他们是被迫练习弹钢琴的。此题考查非谓语动词作后置定语。students和question之间是被动关系，故排除A、D两项；B 项表示要被询问，不符合语境；C项表示被询问过的，符合句意。‎ 答案：　C ‎4．(2010·福建卷)In April，thousands of holidaymakers remained________abroad due to the volcanic ash cloud.‎ A．sticking　　　 B．stuck C．to be stuck　　　 D．to have stuck 解析：　句意为：四月，成千上万的度假者由于受到火山灰的影响，滞留国外。本题考查非谓语动词作表语。主语holidaymakers与stick间为被动关系，排除A、D两项；remain＋过去分词，表示状态；remain＋to be done表示将来。综上所述，答案为B项。‎ 答案：　B ‎5．—Can those________at the back of the classroom hear me?‎ ‎—No problem.‎ A．seat　　　 B．sit C．seated　　　 D．sat 解析：　seated作定语修饰those。sit是不及物动词，不能用于过去分词作定语。‎ 答案：　C