高考英语一轮复习精讲学案:必修5 Unit 1 Great scientists

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高考英语一轮复习精讲学案:必修5 Unit 1 Great scientists

Unit 1 Great scientists Ⅰ.重点单词聚焦 ‎1.We were________(击败,打败) 0-1 in the football game,which made us very upset.‎ 答案: defeated ‎2.Some________(专家) in the field of English teaching have been invited to give us a lecture.‎ 答案: experts ‎3.Environmental pollution is one of the most serious____________(挑战) we face.‎ 答案: challenges ‎4.The police________(怀疑) the man in the red jacket was a criminal,but they didn’t have any evidence.‎ 答案: suspected ‎5.So busy was the mother that she had to ask her neighbor to ________(照顾) her baby for a day.‎ 答案: attend ‎6.After graduating from college,he became an excellent________(内科医生).‎ 答案: physician ‎7.Happiness,instead of medicine,was the________(治愈方法) for her illness.‎ 答案: cure/treatment ‎8.People all around the world tried to help the________(受害者) of the earthquake in that area.‎ 答案: victims ‎9.Richardson________(推断出) from his studies that equality between the sexes is still a long way off.‎ 答案: concluded ‎10.You’d better not be________(暴露) to the sun too long;it may lead to skin diseases.‎ 答案: exposed Ⅱ.重点短语扫描 ‎1.put       提出 ‎2. ...to    使显露;暴露 ‎3.apart    除……之外;此外 ‎4.make    讲得通;有意义 ‎5.draw a    得出结论 ‎6.link... ...   将……和……联系或连接起来 ‎7.be with...   对……严格的 ‎8.make for   为……腾地方 ‎9.be to    应受谴责,应负责任 forward expose from sense conclusion to strict room blame ‎10.be    违背,反对 ‎11.point of    态度,观点,看法 ‎12.slow    减速 ‎13.lead    通向,导致 ‎14.look    调查 against view down to into Ⅲ.课文原句突破 ‎1.人们不知道它的病源,也不了解它的治疗方法。‎ ‎________its cause________its cure was understood.‎ 答案: Neither;nor ‎2.每次暴发霍乱时,都有大批惊恐的老百姓病死。‎ So many thousands of terrified people died________ ________ there was an outbreak.‎ 答案: every time ‎ ‎3.为防止这种情况再度发生,约翰·斯诺建议所有水源都要经过检测。‎ ‎________ ________ this from happening again,John Snow suggested that the source of all the water supplies________ ________.‎ 答案: To prevent;be examined ‎4.只有当你把太阳放在中心位置上,天空中其他行星的运动才能说得清楚。‎ ‎________ ________you put the sun there________the movements of the other planets in the sky make sense.‎ 答案: Only if;did ‎5.他把太阳固定在太阳系的中心位置上,而行星围绕着它转,只有月球仍绕着地球转。‎ He placed a fixed sun at the centre of the solar system ________the planets ________round it and only the moon still going round the earth.‎ 答案: with;going conclusion n.[C,U] 结论;结束 教材原句P1:Draw a conclusion得出结论 ‎①We may conclude from his appearance that he is a heavy smoker.从他的外表我们可以断定他烟抽得很凶。‎ ‎②We concluded the meeting with an English song.‎ 我们以一首英语歌结束这次会议。‎ ‎③They came to the conclusion that it was a thief who had stolen their diamond necklace.他们断定是小偷偷走了他们的钻石项链。‎ ‎④We will have a further discussion before we draw a final conclusion.我们将作进一步的讨论,然后再作出最终结论。‎ ‎⑤In conclusion,I think there is hope for the future.‎ 总之, 我认为将来还有希望。‎ ‎1.—Ann seems to be upset.What’s up?‎ ‎—She________from the voice on the line that her mother is not satisfied with her test scores.‎ A.includes           B.concludes C.suggests    D.contains 解析: 下句意为:她根据电话中的声音判定母亲对她的考试成绩不满意。‎ 答案: B defeat (defeated;defeated) vt.打败;战胜;使受挫;n.失败 教材原句P2:JOHN SNOW DEFEATS “KING CHOLERA”‎ 约翰·斯诺战胜“霍乱王”‎ ‎①The army was welltrained and wellarmed,and had little difficulty defeating the enemy.‎ 这支部队装备齐全又受过良好的训练,打败敌人没有困难。‎ ‎②Although there were lots of difficulties to overcome,she never let her problems defeat her.‎ 虽然生活中有许多困难,但她从不让困难打败自己。‎ ‎③Our baseball team has suffered another defeat.‎ 我们的棒球队再次失败。‎ 辨析:defeat,beat与win 这三个词都有“赢”的意思,但用法不尽相同。‎ ‎(1)defeat和beat都可接sb.作宾语,一般可以互换,其宾语通常是“人”或“一个团体”,如a team,a class,a school,an army等。另外,defeat还可用于指战争中“击败”敌军或入侵者。‎ ‎(2)win后接sth.,如game,war,prize,love,respect等;后接sb.时表示“争取某人”。‎ ‎2.用win,beat或defeat填空:‎ ‎(1)Much to his disappointment,he was badly ________in the election.‎ ‎(2)Who do you think will________the beauty contest?‎ ‎(3)You________me in the race,but I’ll________you at tennis.‎ 答案: (1)defeated (2)win (3)beat/defeated;beat/defeat expose vt.暴露,揭露;使曝光;使面临 教材原句P2:But he became inspired when he thought about helping ordinary people exposed to cholera.但当他一想到要帮助(那些)受到霍乱威胁的普通百姓,他就感到很振奋。‎ ‎①Don’t expose your skin to direct sunlight,or you’ll get sunburnt.不要让你的皮肤直接暴晒于阳光下,否则你会被晒伤。‎ ‎②The bicycle was exposed to the wind and rain.‎ 那辆自行车任由风吹雨打。‎ ‎③We want to expose the kids to as much art and culture as possible.我们想让孩子们受到尽可能多的艺术和文化熏陶。‎ ‎④As a nurse in the war she was exposed to many dangers.‎ 作为战地护士,她置身于危险之中。‎ ‎3.完成句子 暴露在阳光下太久对皮肤有伤害。‎ ‎________________________sunlight for too much time will do harm to your skin.‎ 答案: Being exposed to ‎ absorb vt.吸收;吸引;使专心;并入,并吞 教材原句P2:The second suggested that people absorbed this disease into their bodies with their meals.‎ 第二种看法表明人们是在吃饭时把这种病毒引入体内的。‎ ‎(1)absorb one’s attention吸引某人注意 ‎(2)absorbed adj.聚精会神的;专心致志的,极感兴趣的 be absorbed by/into被……吞并,被……所吸收 be absorbed/buried in全神贯注于 ‎①I was so absorbed in this book that I didn’t hear you come in.‎ 我正入神地看这本书,连你进来也没听见。‎ ‎②Absorbed in his work,Tom simply forgot food and sleep.‎ 汤姆专心于工作,几乎忘记了吃饭和睡觉。‎ ‎③The big company has gradually absorbed these small companies into its own organization.‎ 这家大公司渐渐把这些小公司吞并了。‎ ‎4.(2010·河南省实验中学模拟)For the next two hours she was________the film,so she didn’t notice what happened around her.‎ A.engaged in    B.busy with C.absorbed in    D.occupied with 解析: 考查短语辨析。句意为:在此后的两个小时里,她在专心看电影,因而没有注意到周围所发生的事情。be engaged in从事;be busy with忙于;be absorbed in全神贯注于;be occupied with忙于。‎ 答案: C ‎5.________in her new novel,the young writer kept thinking and writing for a dozen hours in her study.‎ A.Having deeply absorbed    B.Deeply absorbing C.Deeply having been absorbed  D.Deeply absorbed 解析: 本题考查非谓语动词的用法。短语be absorbed in的意思为“专心于”。‎ 答案: D blame vt.责备;谴责;把……归咎于是;n.过失;责备 教材原句P2:It seemed that the water was to blame.‎ 看来水是罪魁祸首。 ‎ ‎①The police blamed the traffic accident on Jack’s careless driving.警察把那起交通事故归咎于杰克的粗心驾驶。‎ ‎②I don’t blame you for doing that.‎ 我不责备你做了那事。‎ ‎③The driver was not to blame for the traffic accident.‎ 这位司机不应承担交通事故。‎ ‎④You must bear the blame for the accident.‎ 你必须承担这次事故的责任。‎ ‎6.(安徽高考)Mr Green stood up in defence of the 16yearold boy,saying that he was not the one ________.‎ A.blamed    B.blaming C.to blame    D.to be blamed 解析: he was not the one to blame意为“他不是那个应该受责备的人”。‎ 答案: C ‎7.(福建高考)________for the breakdown of the school computer network,Alice was in low spirits.‎ A.Blaming    B.Blamed C.To blame    D.To be blamed 解析: 本题考查非谓语动词的用法。句意为:Alice因为电脑网络故障被责备,情绪很低落。非谓语形式用做原因状语,主语是这个动作的承受者,故用过去分词blame。D项to be blamed有将要的意思。‎ 答案: B ‎8.Don’t always_______your own failure_______others.Sometimes you yourself________.‎ A.blame;on;are to be blamed   ‎ B.blame;for;are to blame C.blame;on;are to blame   ‎ D.blame;for;are to be blamed 解析: 句意为:不要总把失败归咎于他人。有时该责怪你自己。blame sth.on sb.把……归咎于某人;be to blame该受责备,要用主动式表被动意义。‎ 答案: C contribute vt.‎& vi.捐款;贡献;捐助 ‎①He contributed some money to the flood victims.‎ 他捐出一些钱给遭受水灾的难民。‎ ‎②Our teacher tells us that exercise contributes to good health.‎ 我们的老师告诉我们锻炼有助于身体健康。‎ ‎③He has made great contributions to a space development program.他对太空发展计划有很大贡献。‎ ‎④Many people contributed money to the poor boy,which contributed to his returning to school.A writer wrote a story about it and contributed it to a newspaper.‎ 许多人给这个可怜的小男孩捐钱,这使他重新回到了校园。一位作家写了一篇关于此事的文章并把它投到了报社。‎ ‎9.Eating too much fat can________heart diseases and cause high blood pressure.‎ A.result from    B.contribute to C.attend to    D.devote to 解析: contribute to导致,其后常接表示结果的名词。‎ 答案: B put forward 提出(建议);推荐;将……提前 教材原句P1:Who put forward a theory about black holes?‎ 谁提出的黑洞理论?‎ ‎①He put forward a very good suggestion at the meeting.‎ 他在会上提了一个很好的建议。‎ ‎②The plan put forward by the old professor was well worth considering.那位老教授提出的计划很值得考虑。‎ ‎③They have put forward the date of their wedding by one week.‎ 他们将婚礼日期提前了一周。‎ put aside节省;储蓄;储存 put away放好;积蓄 put off延期;推迟 put on穿上;演出 put out熄灭;生产 put up举起;张贴;公布;挂起;建造 ‎④Never put off till tomorrow what you can to today.‎ 今日事今日毕。‎ ‎⑤It’s wise to have some money put away for old age.‎ 存些钱养老是明智的做法。‎ ‎⑥They have put up a lot of highrise buildings recently.‎ 最近他们盖起来很多高楼大厦。‎ ‎10.完成句子 The manager was very satisfied with the suggestion that Mr Smith________________________(昨天在会议上提出的).‎ 答案: put forward at the meeting yesterday apart from除……之外;此外 教材原句P4:Apart from the construction mentioned above you have also learned the following phrases.‎ 除了以上提到的结构,你也学过下面的词组。‎ ‎①Apart from you,I had no one to talk to.(相当于but/except)‎ 除了你,我再也没有可交谈的人了。‎ ‎②Apart from a few faults,he is a respectable teacher.(相当于except for)除几个缺点外,他是个值得尊敬的老师。‎ ‎③This essay is good apart from a couple of spelling mistakes.‎ 除了有些拼写错误,这篇文章写得不错。‎ in addition to相当于介词besides,表示“除……以外还”。‎ ‎④In addition to giving a general introduction to computers,the course also provide practical experience.‎ 课程除了介绍一般电脑知识之外,还提供实际操作的机会。‎ ‎11.(2010·杭州学军中学模拟)________its low cost,the appeal of iron as a building material lies in its strength,its resistance to fire,and its potential to span vast areas.‎ A.Other than    B.Apart from C.Except for    D.Rather than 解析: 句意为:除了低成本外,对作为建筑材料的铁的需求在于其自身的优点,耐火性以及在其他广泛领域中的应用潜能。apart from在此处相当于介词besides,符合语意。other than除了;except for除……以外,rather than胜于,均不符合语意。‎ 答案: B ‎12.She knows nothing about her new neighbor________he moved into the building last Sunday.‎ A.except that    B.except C.apart from    D.besides 解析: 此题考查except后跟宾语从句的用法,except后连词不可省略。‎ 答案: A make sense有意义;有道理;讲得通 教材原句P7:Only if you put the sun there did the movements of the other planets in the sky make sense.只有把太阳放在中心位置上,天空中其他行星的运动才能讲得通。‎ ‎①This sentence just doesn’t make sense,no matter how you read it.无论你怎样读这个句子,它还是讲不通。‎ ‎②It makes no sense to buy that expensive coat when these cheaper ones are just as good.‎ 这些便宜的大衣也很好,何必非买那件贵的不可呢?‎ make sense of理解,明白 make no sense没道理,没意义 there is no sense in doing sth.做……没道理 in a sense在某一方面;就某种意义来说 in no sense决不 ‎③Only after I read the poem a second time did I make sense of it.‎ 我把这首诗又读了一遍之后才理解了它的含义。‎ ‎④There’s no sense in getting angry about it.‎ 为此生气是没有意思的。‎ ‎⑤You are right in a sense,but you don’t know all the facts.‎ 在某种意义上你是对的,但你不了解全部事实。‎ ‎13.—What’s the central idea of the passage,Bob?‎ ‎—Sorry,I can’t make________of it.It’s beyond my ability.‎ A.judgement    B.understanding C.idea    D.sense 解析: 句意为:——Bob,这篇文章的中心思想是什么?——对不起,我不明白(这篇文章)。这超出我的能力范围了。make sense of明白,理解。‎ 答案: D Neither its cause,nor its cure was understood.‎ 人们既不知道其起因,又不知道它的治疗方法。‎ neither...nor...既不……,也不……,连接句中两个相同成分。‎ ‎①Neither my father nor I was there.‎ 我父亲和我都不在那里。‎ ‎②I have neither time nor money for the ball.‎ 我既没时间也没钱参加舞会。 ‎ ‎③If Joe’s wife won’t go to the party,neither will I.‎ 如果Joe的妻子不参加晚会,我也不去。‎ ‎④The man never went to school,so he could neither read nor write.这个人从来没上过学,因此他既不会读也不会写。‎ ‎14.Bill wasn’t happy about the delay of the report by Jason,and________.‎ A.I was neither    B.neither was I C.I was either    D.either was I 解析: 句意为:比尔对Jason做报告推迟这件事表示不高兴,我也不高兴。根据题意可知,我也不 (高兴),neither/nor+系动词/助动词/情态动词+sb.表示某人也不 (同意或赞成上文的观点),易把either看做neither,无either was I句式,故选B。‎ 答案: B So many thousands of terrified people died every time there was an outbreak.‎ 每次爆发霍乱时,都有大批惊恐的老百姓病死。‎ ‎(1)every time引导一个时间状语从句,相当于whenever,意 思是“每当……”。‎ ‎ (2)名词词组作连词用,引导时间状语从句的有:‎ every time,each time,any time,the last time,next time,the ‎ first time,the moment,the second,the minute,the hour,the day等。‎ ‎ (3)有些副词,如directly,instantly,immediately也可引导状 语从句。‎ ‎①Every time I catch a cold,I have pains in my back.‎ 我每次感冒背就痛。‎ ‎②The first time I climbed onto the wall,I felt very nervous.‎ 我第一次爬到墙上去时,感到很紧张。‎ ‎③She let out a cry the moment she saw the snake.‎ 她一看到蛇就叫了起来。‎ ‎④I left immediately the clock struck 5.‎ 钟刚敲了五下我就离开了。‎ ‎(1)for the first time是介词短语,只可作时间状语,而the first time是连词,引导时间状语从句。‎ ‎ (2)It is the first time that...如果前面用is,从句动词用现在完成时;如果用was,则用过去完成时。‎ ‎ (3)It’s high/about time that...从句动词用过去时或should+动词原形。‎ ‎⑤It is the first time that I have been to Beijing.‎ 这是我第一次去北京。‎ ‎⑥It is high time that we left for Beijing.‎ 该到我们出发去北京的时间了。‎ ‎15.(2009·辽宁卷)It’s the first time that he has been to Australia,________?‎ A.isn’t he    B.hasn’t he C.isn’t it    D.hasn’t it 解析: 句意为:这是他第一次到澳大利亚,不是吗?It’s the first time that...‎ 是固定句型,反意疑问句的构成需依据主句的主语和谓语而定。‎ 答案: C ‎16.(2009·陕西卷)This is the first time we________a film in the cinema together as a family.‎ A.see    B.had seen C.saw    D.have seen 解析: 句意为:这是我们全家第一次到电影院看电影。“This/It is the+序数词+time that 从句”为固定句型,that从句需用现在完成时。‎ 答案: D ‎17.Don’t stop________you meet with a word you don’t understand.‎ A.at the time    B.each time C.by the time    D.sometimes 解析: 考查名词性词组用做连词引导时间状语从句。句意为:不要每次遇到不理解的词就停下来。有类似用法的还有:next time(下次),last time(上次),the moment(一……就……)等。而A、D两项不能连接句子,C项意义不对。‎ 答案: B ‎18.(2011·云南玉溪模拟)________you talk to someone or write a message,you show your skills to others.‎ A.At times    B.Some time C.Every time    D.The time 解析: 句意为:每次你与别人交谈或写信息,你都向别人展示你的技能。every time是名词词组用做连词,引导时间状语从句。‎ 答案: C To prevent this from happening again,John Snow suggested that the source of all water supplies be examined.为防止这种情况再度发生,约翰·斯诺建议,所有水源都要经过检测。‎ suggest在此意为“建议”,后接从句作宾语时,谓语动词要用should do,should可以省略。‎ ‎①I suggested to him that we should tackle the problem another way.我向他建议我们用另一种方式处理这个问题。‎ ‎②He suggested that we sit down to work out a practical solution.‎ 他建议我们坐下来拟定一个实际的解决办法。‎ ‎(1)suggest后接动词时要用ing形式。‎ ‎(2)suggest意为“暗示”时,表语从句用正常的时态。‎ ‎③The headmaster suggested putting off the sports meeting because of the bad weather.由于天气不好,校长建议推迟运动会。‎ ‎④Her expression on the face suggested that she was not satisfied with what we had done.‎ 她脸上的表情暗示了她对我们做的事情不满意。‎ ‎19.Jane’s pale face suggested that she______ill,and her parents suggested that she________a medical examination.‎ A.be;should have    B.was;have C.should be;had    D.was;has 解析: 句中第一个suggest意为“表明”,从句不用虚拟语气,应用过去时态;第二个suggest意为“建议”,应用虚拟语气,省略了should。‎ 答案: B Ⅰ.完成句子 ‎1.We are divided into 6 groups to discuss the questions________________(提出) by the teacher.‎ 答案: put forward ‎2.In the end,he________________(得出结论) that the murderer was one of the four people.‎ 答案: concluded/drew a/the conclusion ‎3.The camera________________(连接到) a computer so that the photos can be copied onto the computer.‎ 答案: is linked to ‎4.In fact,________________(除……之外)money,the old man needs more care.‎ 答案: apart from ‎5.It is not the child but his parents who________________(该负责) for this.‎ 答案: is to blame ‎6.The police________________(调查) the case for several months but didn’t find any useful clues.‎ 答案: had looked into ‎7.The bus________________(减速) and stopped as it approached the bus station.‎ 答案: slowed down ‎8.When the party________________(结束),the girls left together.‎ 答案: came to an end Ⅱ.巧思妙解 ‎1.(2011·江西师大附中模拟)________you take part in physical activity________be able to keep fit and stay healthy.‎ A.Only if;you will    B.Only if;will you C.Unless;you will    D.Unless;will you 解析: 考查部分倒装。句意为:只有参加体育锻炼,你才能保持身体健康。“Only+状语从句”放于句首时,主句要进行部分倒装。此处是“Only+if引导的条件状语从句”,故主句须用倒装形式,因而排除A、C两项,unless不符合语意,故排除D而选B。‎ 答案: B ‎ ‎2.Only at the moment________that only________late for the meeting.Everybody else was seated calmly in their places.‎ A.did I realize;I was    B.did I realize;was I C.I realized;I was    D.I realized;was I 解析: 考查倒装句和语序。当only修饰主语之外的句子成分如状语、宾语并与它所修饰的成分一起放在句首时,句子要用倒装,因此第一空用倒装形式;第二空的only修饰宾语从句的主语,此时句子应用正常语序,因此选A。‎ 答案: A ‎3.Every one of us must know:________we live can we save the earth.‎ A.by changing the way only B.only by changing the way C.by only changing the way D.by changing only the way 解析: 空格后为倒装语序,判定选项应为only+介词短语。‎ 答案: B ‎4.________by keeping down costs will PowerData hold its advantage over other companies.‎ A.Only    B.Just C.Still    D.Yet 解析: only+介词短语结构。‎ 答案: A ‎5.—I didn’t invite him to the party but he came anyway and got completely drunk.‎ ‎—________he hadn’t come!The party could have been a success.‎ A.How come    B.Only if C.What if    D.If only 解析: 由上下文语境可看出,空格处表示对过去动作的虚拟,if only要是……就好了。后句意为:要是他没来就好了!聚会本来会很成功。A项,怎么会;B项,只要;C项,倘若……将会怎样,这三项均不符合句意。‎ 答案: D Ⅲ.语法专练 本单元语法——过去分词作定语和表语 ‎1.(2011·东城检测)Subway Line 4,________into use in September 2009,has made traveling in Beijing easier.‎ A.having been put    B.putting C.being put    D.put 解析: 考查非谓语动词。非谓语动词题目的解题核心在于找出非谓语动词的逻辑主语,然后判断该逻辑主语与此非谓语动词之间的关系。同时要记住以下要点:不定式表示将来的动作;动名词相当于名词;现在分词表示主动或者正在进行的动作;过去分词表示被动或者已经完成的动作。此处逻辑主语是Subway Line 4,与put之间构成动宾关系,现在分词的完成式不作定语,排除A;B项表主动关系;C项表示“正在被投入使用”,据此选D项。‎ 答案: D ‎2.“Things________never come again!” I couldn’t help talking to myself.‎ A.lost    B.losing C.to lose    D.have lost 解析: 前句意为“失物难寻!”,所以应用过去分词表动作完成,相当于which were lost。‎ 答案: A ‎3.(2010·四川卷)A great number of students________said they were forced to practise the piano.‎ A.to question   B.to be questioned C.questioned   D.questioning 解析: 句意为:许多被询问的学生说他们是被迫练习弹钢琴的。此题考查非谓语动词作后置定语。students和question之间是被动关系,故排除A、D两项;B 项表示要被询问,不符合语境;C项表示被询问过的,符合句意。‎ 答案: C ‎4.(2010·福建卷)In April,thousands of holidaymakers remained________abroad due to the volcanic ash cloud.‎ A.sticking    B.stuck C.to be stuck    D.to have stuck 解析: 句意为:四月,成千上万的度假者由于受到火山灰的影响,滞留国外。本题考查非谓语动词作表语。主语holidaymakers与stick间为被动关系,排除A、D两项;remain+过去分词,表示状态;remain+to be done表示将来。综上所述,答案为B项。‎ 答案: B ‎5.—Can those________at the back of the classroom hear me?‎ ‎—No problem.‎ A.seat    B.sit C.seated    D.sat 解析: seated作定语修饰those。sit是不及物动词,不能用于过去分词作定语。‎ 答案: C
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