专题35阅读理解之作者的写作意图-2017年高考英语二轮核心考点总动员

专题35阅读理解之作者的写作意图-2017年高考英语二轮核心考点总动员

专题 35 阅读理解之作者的写作意图 关键词：阅读理解,写作意图,上下文推理,语境 难度系数：✱✱✱✱ 推荐指数：✱✱✱✱✱‎ ‎【基础回顾】]‎ 考点归纳：]‎ 理解作者的意图、观点和态度 每篇文章都有一个特定的写作目的，或是向读者传递某个信息，或是愉悦读者，或是讲授某个道理。而这些信息通常并不是明确表达出 来，而是隐含在文章之中。因此，这类问题要求考生在理解文章总体内 容的基础上，去领会作者的言外之意。]]‎ 基础必读：]‎ 写作意图题是指作者通过文章想达到什么样的目的，可以说，每个人写文章都有他的用意：]‎ 根据文章的论述，推断作者的写作目的以及作者情感态度。‎ ‎ 要求考生分析作者运用某一写作手法的目的。常见的提问方式有： （1）What was Mrs Smith's attitude to the author at the end of the story?‎ （2） The writer uses ... to(show that) ________.‎ ‎（3）By quoting ..., the author intends to ________. （4）By telling the story of ..., the author intends to ________. （5）The story of ... is used to ________.‎ ‎（6）What would the author most likely continue to talk about in the next paragraph(s)? （7）The purpose of the writer to write the passage is __________.]‎ ‎ 作者运用某种写作手法的目的或是要引出主题、突出主题，或是要吸引读者关注主题，或是要把主题说明得更清楚。常用的写作手法的目的有：‎ ‎(1)开头提出问题——让读者关注主题。‎ ‎(2)简介相关事物——引出主题。‎ ‎(3)列举具体事例——说明主题。‎ ‎(4)运用比拟或比喻——让读者容易理解抽象或陌生的事物。]‎ ‎(5)引语——说明或论证某个观点，或使自己的观点更有说服力。‎ 无论哪种手法，也不管出于何种目的，都必定与主题相关，为主题服务。]‎ 推断写作目的的两条思路 题目要求考生推断作者写文章的目的，题干中常有purpose，或后面需接表示目的的动词不定式intend to, mean to, in order to等。]‎ 推断作者写文章的目的有两大思路，解题时要综合考虑：]‎ ‎1. 主旨推断法。]‎ 写作意图与文章主旨密切相关，因此，解答这类题跟解答主旨大意题和选择文章标题一样，用略读法，即重点关注文章首尾段和各段的首尾句，找到主题句，抓住文章主旨，然后由主旨来推断作者的写作目的。议论文、新闻报道、说明文等，其主题句多在文首。‎ ‎2. 文体推断法。‎ ‎ 作者的写作目的与文体密切相关。]‎ ‎(1)议论文的目的通常是说服读者接受或赞同某一观点，倡导某种做法等。]‎ ‎(2)说明文的目的是使读者获得某种知识，提出某种建议、劝告或呼吁，或希望引起有关部门或人士对某现象给予重视。‎ ‎(3)记叙文的目的一般是分享一段有趣的经历，告诉读者一个有趣的故事，使读者获得乐趣；若是夹叙夹议的文章，则是表达作者的感悟或给读者某种教育或启示。‎ ‎(4)广告是作者要推销一种产品或一种服务，因此其目的是吸引更多顾客、游客、读者、订户、观众等。‎ ‎ 推断作者的观点态度 这类试题的题干中常有the writer’s attitude toward(s), the author thought/think(s), according to the author, what does the author think about ...等。‎ 作者的态度、倾向是指作者对陈述的观点是赞同、反对还是犹豫不定，对记叙或描写的人、物或事件等是赞颂、同情、冷漠还是厌恶、憎恨。作者的这种思想倾向和感情色彩往往隐含在文章的字里行间，或流露于修饰的词语之中。因此，在推断过程中，应特别注意文中作者的措辞，尤其是表达感情色彩的形容词、副词、动词及所举的例子，推断出作者的弦外之音。干扰项具有以下三个特点：‎ ‎(1)可能是考生自己的某种观点。(易误选)‎ ‎(2)社会普遍的一种倾向，但文中没有信息支持。‎ ‎(3)与本文无关或与作者相反的观点等。‎ 此外，还要注意区分作者态度或观点与引用的别人的态度或观点。]‎ ‎]]‎ ‎【技能方法】‎ 写作意图主要的解题策略有：‎ ‎（1）根据不同文体，推断目的意图。不同的文章可能有不同的写作目的, 通常作者的写作目的有以下三种：1) to entertain readers（娱乐读者，让人发笑），常见于故事类的文章。2) to persuade readers（说服读者接受某种观点）常见于广告类的文章。3) to inform readers（告知读者某些信息）多见于科普类﹑新闻报道类﹑文化类或社会类的文章。高考阅读试题设计到各类文章，而以议论文为主，文章的主题句、核心句往往会直接或间接地表明作者的态度立场；阅读理解中也有说明文、描述文。前者因为其体裁的客观性，所以作者的态度也往往采取中立。而后者因为其文章观点往往不直接提出，而且作者写作时也常带有某种倾向性，所以，阅读时要善于根据文章的文体来学会推断作者的情感态度和目的。‎ ‎（2）根据用词风格，推断情感态度。一篇好的文章，其用词风格常常直接流露或蕴含作者的内心世界和情感态度。所以阅读时要善于捕捉表达或暗示情感态度的词句或短语，捕捉那些烘托气氛，渲染情感的词句，进而很好地洞察作者的思想倾向，是支持、反对抑或中立？对于选项而言，要分清选项中的褒义词、中性词和贬义词，以此对照全文。如：1）表示褒义的词语：positive赞成的，supporting支持的，praising赞扬的，optimistic乐观的，admiring羡慕的，enthusiastic热情的等；2）表示中性的词语：uninterested无兴趣的，不感兴趣的； neutral中立的；impersonal不带个人感情的；subjective主观的；objective客观的等；3）表示贬义的词语：disgusted感到恶心的，厌恶的；critical批评的；negative 否定的，反对的；suspicious怀疑的；tolerant容忍的，忍让的；worried 担忧的等。 ‎ ‎【基础达标】]‎ HOLIDAY FUN AT THE POWERHOUSE Join in the holiday fun at the powerhouse this month linked to our new exhibition , Evolution & Revolution : Chinese dress 1700s to now . DON’T FORGET our other special event , the Club Med Circus School which is part of the Circus ! 150 years of circus in Australia exhibition experience !‎ ‎◆ Chinese Folk Dancing : Colorful Chinese dance and musical performances by The Chinese Folk Dancing School of Sydney . Dances include : the Golden stick dance and the Chinese drum dance . A feature will be the Qin dynasty Emperor’s court dance . Also included is a show of face painting for Beijing opera performances .‎ Sunday 29 June and Wednesday 2 July in the Turbine Hall , at 11:30 am & 1:30 pm.‎ ‎◆ Australian Chinese Children’s Arts Theatre : Well-known children’s play experts from Shanghai lead this dynamic youth group . Performances include Chinese fairy tales and plays .‎ Thursday 3 to Sunday 6 July in the Turbine Hall , at 11:30 am & 1:30 pm .‎ ‎◆ Chinese Youth League : A traditional performing arts group featuring performance highlights such as the Red scarf and Spring flower dances , and a musician playing Er Hu .]‎ Sunday 6 to Tuesday 8 July in the Turbine Hall , 11:30 am to 1:30 pm .]‎ ‎◆ Kids Activity : Make a Paper Horse : Young children make a paper horse cut-out. ( The horse is a frequent theme in Chinese painting , indicating a kind of advancement .) Suitable for ages 8-12 years .‎ Sunday 28 June to Tuesday 8 July in the Turbine Hall , 12:00 pm to 1:00 pm .]‎ ‎◆ Club Med Circus School : Learn circus skills , including the trapeze , trampolining and magic . Note only for children over 5 : There are 40 places available in each 1 hour session and these must be booked at the front desk , level 4 , on the day .]]‎ Tuesday 1 to Saturday 5 July at 11:30 am & 1: 00 pm .‎ Enjoy unlimited free visits and many other benefits by becoming a family member of the Powerhouse . Our family memberships cover two adults and all children under the age of 16 years at the one address . Members receive powerline , our monthly magazine , discounts in the shops ]and the restaurants , as well as free admission to the Museum . All this for as little as $50.00 a year ! Call (02)9217 0600 for more details .]‎ ‎1.When can you watch the Chinese drum dance ?‎ A. On July 2 B. On July 3 C. On July 6 D. On July 8 ‎ ‎2.To learn the magic tricks , you can go to __________ .‎ ‎ A. Kids Activity B. Chinese Youth League ‎ ‎ C. Club Med Circus School D. Children’s Arts Theatre ]]‎ ‎3.What is required if you want to enjoy free visits to the Museum ?‎ ‎ A. Calling (02)92170600 B. Gaining family membership ‎ ‎ C. Coming for the holiday fun D. Paying powerline $50.00 a year ‎ ‎4.What is the main purpose of the text ?‎ A. To attract visitors B. To present schedules ]‎ C. To report the performances D. To teach kids Chinese arts ‎]]‎ ‎1. A细节推理题。根据Chinese Folk Dancing部分可以找到Dances include: the Golden and the Chinese drum dance，即中国民间舞蹈包括金舞和鼓舞。该段谈及参与时间Sunday 29 June and Wednesday 2 July，故选A.]‎ ‎2.C细节推理题。根据Club Med Circus School部分我们可以找到Learn circus skills, including the trapeze, tramp lining and magic.，即在这儿可以学到高空秋千，蹦床运动和魔术。故选C.‎ ‎3.B推理判断题。 根据最后一段Enjoy unlimited free visits and many other benefits by becoming a Family member of the Powerhouse.可知要想免费参观就应成为Powerhouse 的成员。故选B.‎ ‎4.A写作意图题。文章提供了powerhouse假日休闲的内容，时间，地点，联系方式，价格以及优惠条件等。目的是给游客以详细的介绍从而吸引更多的游客。故选A.‎ ‎【能力提升】]‎ Thousands of taxi drivers in Shenyang, Liaoning province, reportedly blocked streets with their cars on Sunday in protest against unlicensed cars using taxi-hiring apps (打车软件) and apps-based car rental companies providing passenger services, including high-end cars. Although the drivers also complained about the withdrawal of the fuel subsidy(补贴) by the government, their main complaint was the loss of business because of the rising number of Internet-based car services companies.‎ On Wednesday, news reports came that Beijing transport authorities will take measures to stop the illegal “taxi business” of private cars through the newly rising Internet apps, following the footsteps of Shenyang and Nanjing.‎ It is not yet clear how the Shenyang city government will handle the issue and whether it will declare the services offered by market leaders such as Didi Dache, a taxi-hiring app provider backed by Tencent Holdings, and Kuaidi Dache illegal. But Shanghai transport regulators(交通管理机构) have set a rule, by banning Didi Zhuanche, or car services offered by Didi Dache in December.]‎ Such regulations (规定) will cause a setback(挫折) to the car-hiring companies and investors ‎ that are waiting to cash in on the potentially booming business. Just last month, Didi Dache got $700 million in funding from global investors, including Singapore state investment company Temasek Holdings, Russian investment company DST Global and Tencent. Besides, the market is uncertain that Kuaidi Dache is about to finalize its latest round of funding after getting $800 million from global investors.]‎ Regulatory uncertainties, however, could cast a shadow on the future of the Internet-based car-hiring services, which have become popular in most of China’s big cities. To be fair, these companies’ business model is anything but bad. For example, Didi Zhuanche works side by side ]with established car rental companies to provide high-end car service mainly for business-people through the Internet and mobile phone apps.‎ Every link in this business model chain has legal companies and services. Hence, it is hard to define it as illegal and ban it.Z-X-X-K]‎ ‎1.Why did taxi drivers in Shenyang block the streets with their vehicles?‎ ‎ A. Because they wanted the authority to increase their driving allowances.‎ ‎ B. Because they wanted to be taught how to use the taxi-hiring apps.‎ ‎ C. Because they wanted to make their main complaints known to the authority.‎ ‎ D. Because they wanted to appeal to passengers not to hire the private cars.]‎ ‎2.The author’s attitude to banning internet car-hiring service is______.学|科|网]‎ ‎ A. positive B. negative C. neutral (中立的) D. unclear ‎3.Which of the following statements is false according to the passage?‎ ‎ A. The problem referred to in the passage exists in all cities ‎ B. App-based car rental is functional to some degree ‎ C. The government should regulate the app-based car rental market ‎ D. Didi Dache is a China-foreign joint company ‎2.B推理判断题。根据第四段Regulatory uncertainties, however, could cast a shadow on the future of the Internet-based car-hiring services和To be fair, these companies’ business model is anything but bad.可知作者认为这样会给将来的基于网络的汽车租赁服务投下阴影，公司的经营模式是不好的。作者对此的观点是反对的，故选B.]‎ ‎3.A细节推理题。根据第二段Beijing following the footsteps of Shenyang and Nanjing.可知A错误；根据第一段apps-based car rental companies providing passenger services, including high-end cars.可知B正确；根据第二段It is not yet clear how the Shenyang city government will handle the issue和最后一段可知C正确；根据第三段Didi Dache got $700 million in funding from global investors, including Singapore state investment company Temasek Holdings, Russian investment company DST Global and Tencent.可知D正确。故选A.]]]]‎ 考点：考查新闻报道类短文阅读。‎ ‎【终极闯关】‎ ‎ “A good book for children should simply be a good book in its own right", says Mollie Hunter. Born and brought up near Edinburgh, Mollie has devoted her talents to writing primarily for young people．She firmly believes that there is and should always be a wider audience for any good book whatever its main market is．In Mollie’s opinion, it is necessary to make full use of language and she enjoys telling a story, which is what every writer should be doing．"If you aren't telling a story, you’re a very dead writer indeed．" she says．With the chief function of a writer being to entertain, Mollie is indeed an entertainer．"I have this great love of not only the meaning of language but of the music of language,’ she says, "This love goes back to early childhood．I had a school teacher who used to ask us what we would like to be when we grew up and, because my family always had dogs, and I was very good at handling them, I said I wanted to work with dogs, and the teacher always said ‘Nonsense, Mollie; dear, you’ll be a writer.’ So finally I thought that this woman must have something, since she was a good teacher and I decided when I was nine that I would be a writer．"‎ This childhood intention is described in her novel, A Sound of Chariots, which although written in the third person is clearly autobiographical（自传体的）and gives a picture both of Mollie’ s ambition and her struggle towards its achievement．Thoughts of her childhood inevitably（不可避免地）brought thoughts of the time when her home was still a village with buttercup（金凤花）meadows and strawberry fields—sadly now covered with modern houses．"I was once taken back to see it and I felt that somebody had lain dirty hands all over my childhood．I’ll never ‎ go back, "she said．"Never．When I set one of my books in Scotland” she said, “I can recall my romantic feelings as a child playing in those fields, or watching the village blacksmith at work．And that’s important because children now know so much so early that romance can't exist for them, as it did for us．”]‎ ‎1．What does Mollie Hunter feel about the nature of a good book?‎ A．It should not aim at a narrow audience． B．It should be attractive to young readers．]‎ C．It should be based on original ideas． D．It should not include too much conversation．‎ ‎2．In Mollie Hunter’ s opinion, which of the following is one sign of a poor writer?‎ A．Being poor in life experience． B．Being short of writing skills．]]‎ C．The weakness of description． D．The absence of a story．]‎ ‎3．What do we learn about Mollie Hunter as a young child?‎ A．She expected to become a writer． B．She didn’t enjoy writing stories．‎ C．She didn’t have any particular life aims． D．She didn’t respect her teacher’ views．]‎ ‎4．What’s the writer’s purpose in this text?‎ A．To share her enjoyment of Mollie Hunter’s book．]‎ B．To introduce Mollie Hunter’s works to a wider audience．]‎ C．To provide information for Mollie Hunter’s existing readers．‎ D．To describe Mollie Hunter’s most successful books．‎ ‎2.D细节推理题。根据第一段In Mollie’s opinion, it is necessary to make full use of language and she enjoys telling a story, which is what every writer should be doing．"If you aren't telling a story, you’re a very dead writer indeed．" she says．可知Mollie Hunter认为一个好的作家必须是有故事的人，不会讲故事就不是真正好的作家。故选D.‎ ‎3.B推理判断题。根据第一段I said I wanted to work with dogs, and the teacher always said ‎ ‘Nonsense, Mollie; dear, you’ll be a writer.’ So finally I thought that this woman must have something, since she was a good teacher and I decided when I was nine that I would be a writer．的描述可知在老师的鼓励下Mollie Hunter才喜欢上了写作，以前并不喜欢。故选B.]‎ ‎4.B主旨大意题。文章介绍了Mollie Hunter的自传作品和其影响，希望更多的人了解她，喜欢上读好书。故选B.‎ 考点：考查文学教育类短文阅读。‎