专题02+定语从句详解-2019年高考英语十大高频考点详解

专题02+定语从句详解-2019年高考英语十大高频考点详解

‎ ‎ ‎【考点实例】‎ ‎【考点：阅读理解会直接重点考察定语从句，填空和改错题也极有可能涉及，作文能写出定语从句那是极佳的加分点。】‎ ‎16年海南中考阅读题C篇：Maybe he found me strange, the only person in this house who did not like him. ‎ 题目62.The sister used to be the only person in the house who ________.‎ A.didn’t like the baby B. followed the baby around C. often talked to the baby ‎ ‎16年海南高考阅读题B篇： Encouraging this kind of thinking has a downside. I ran the risk of losing those students who had a different style of thinking. ‎ 题目27. What does the underlined word “downside” in Paragraph 4 mean?‎ ‎ A. Mistake B. Drawback C. Difficulty D. Burden ‎15年海南高考阅读题C篇: Students who take a well-planned year out are more likely to be satisfied with, and complete, their chosen course. Students who take a gap year are often more mature and responsible 题目30. According to Tony Higgins,students taking a gap year______.‎ ‎ A.arc better prepared for college studies ‎ B.know a lot more about their future jobs ‎ C.are more likely to leave university in debt ‎ D.have a better chance to enter top universities ‎14年海南高考阅读题A篇:Then he said they had found a pile of papers in their trash can（垃圾桶）that had been left out on the footpath.‎ At last they had seen a half-written letter in the pile in which my husband had given his new telephone number to a friend.‎ 题目. The girl’s parents got Rashid’s phone number from_______.‎ A. a friend of his family B. a Sydney policeman C. a letter in his papers ‎ D. a stranger in Sydney ‎【答案】ABAC ‎ ‎ ‎【考点精析】‎ 一、 定语是什么？‎ The yellow car in the street is mine. 这辆在大街上的黄色的轿车是我的。‎ The girl under the tree is Kate.树底下那个女孩是Kate。‎ Would you like something to drink?你想要些喝的东西吗？‎ 1. 中文的定语始终在名词前。‎ 2. 英文的定语有后置的。‎ 3. 定语就是限定名词代词，类似adj.，在语句中称定语，在词语中称形容词。‎ 4. 定语只是对名词特点的限定，并没有解释名词。学科@网 ‎ ‎ 二、定语从句是什么？‎ She is a poor girl.划线部分是定语 1. She is a poor girl who sells matches for a living in the street.划线部分是定语从句 2. 定语从句的常见模板：先行词+引导词+主+谓+宾 ‎ ‎ 2. I like you who have a short hair.‎ 3. I have a friend that has a ball.‎ 4. Love is a wonderful feeling which takes our breath away.‎ 5. I admire the hero whom I saw in the movie.‎ 6. There is a beautiful girl whose name is Xiao Wei.‎ 7. I still remember the day when I first came to the school.‎ 2. The time when we got together finally came.‎ 3. The house where/in which I lived ten years ago has been pulled down.‎ 4. I don’t know the reason why he looks unhappy today.‎ 5. Please tell me the reason why you missed the plane.‎ 6. 如何判定定语从句 方法1：能翻译成。。。的先行词 方法2：先行词等于关系词（引导词）‎ ‎ ‎ 三、定语从句中的（关系词）引导词分类 1. 定语从句缺主语、宾语、表语和定语时用关系词中的关系代词。‎ 2. 定语从句缺状语时用关系词中的关系副词。‎ ‎3.某些情况下可以省略引导词，但我们初学就不要省略。‎ ‎ ‎ 3. 当who做主语时，定语从句用who开头 。 当who做宾语时，并且没有介词提前，这时可以用who 也可以用whom。 当who做宾语时，并且定语从句有介词提前，比如The person with （ ）I talked was my teacher。这时只能用whom，因为with 是介词，这是介宾短语，只能用宾格形式。‎ ‎4. 介词一旦前置,则关系代词要用宾格（原来是that的要改为which,原来用who的改为whom.）‎ ‎5. Do you see the house window are all broken?‎ ‎【答案】whose/of which ‎ ‎【解析】whose windows=the windows of which=of which the windows ‎ ‎ ‎【实例演练】‎ ‎1.Do you know the girl is talking with our teacher?‎ ‎【答案】who/that ‎【解析】先行词为girl，指人 ‎2.The house window was broken is near the school.‎ ‎ ‎ ‎3.The movie I saw yesterday is fantastic.‎ ‎【答案】which/that ‎【解析】先行词为物movie ‎4.The man T-shirt is red is my neighbor.‎ ‎【答案】whose ‎【解析】所属关系，whose在定从中做定语 ‎5.I will never forget the day Tu Youyou,a great scientist,came to our university and gave us a speech. ‎ ‎【答案】when ‎【解析】when指代day，在定从中做关系副词=状语 ‎6.翻译： 我愿变成你爱的那个天使。 ‎ ‎【答案】I will be the angel that/who/whom you love.‎ ‎【解析】你爱的。。。为定从，angel为先行词。‎ ‎7.我所能想对你说的全部就只是一句：好久不见 ‎【答案】All I want to tell you is that-long time no see.‎ ‎【解析】all为先行词 ‎8.I have found the book in which/ the names of all the early satellites are mentioned. ‎ ‎【答案】where ‎【解析】book为地点和先行词，定从主谓齐全缺状语 ‎9.The earth on which／ we live is a planet. ‎ ‎【答案】where ‎【解析】earth为地点和先行词，定从主谓齐全缺状语 ‎10.I”ll never forget the day on which／ I joined the League. ‎ ‎【答案】when ‎【解析】day为时间和先行词，定从主谓齐全缺状语 ‎11.Is there any reason for which／ you should have a holiday？ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎【技巧点拨】先找出句子中的动词，以动词为中心判断主从句，接着找出先行词是人/物，再根据定语从句缺的成分是定语、表语、主语、宾语还是状语来选择引导词。‎ ‎ ‎ 四、定语从句限制性和非限制性的区别 ‎、‎ 1. 限制性定语从句是对名词特点的限定；非限制性定语从句是对名词的补充说明，而且有逗号隔开主从句。‎ 理解PK: ‎ ‎1）.This is the house which we bought last week.‎ 翻译：这是我们上周买的房子。‎ ‎2）.The house,which we bought last week,is very modern.‎ 翻译：这房子很现代，这是我们上周买的 ‎ ‎2.翻译方式：限制性定语从句翻译成......的先行词；非限制性定语从句翻译成并列句 ‎1）He never wears clothes which make him look different.‎ 翻译：他从不穿使他看起来不一样的衣服 ‎2）He never wears clothes, which makes him look different.‎ 翻译：他从不穿衣服，这使他看起来不一样 ‎3. As/which引导的非限制性定语从句: 先行词为整个句子时用。‎ ‎1）You drove too fast,which was very dangerous. ‎ As is known to all,driving too fast is dangerous.‎ 翻译：众所周知，开车太快很危险 ‎2）He came back late, means he missed the TV show.‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ 五、定语从句和同位语从句的区别 ‎5.1同位语 Mr. Smith,our new teacher,is very kind to us.‎ Yesterday I met Tom,a friend of my brother’s.‎ 同位语就是解释前面的名词，等号成立！一定会告诉你前面名词的内容 ‎5.2同位语从句 My grandfather told me a well-know saying that we learn for the rise of China.‎ ‎ saying=we learn for the rise of China We all know the terrible news that the terrorists attacked France ‎ news=the terrorists attacked France ‎ 同位语从句就是用一个叫句子补充说明与其同位的名词，如：conclusion/decision/idea/problem ‎5.3理解PK The news that I heard yesterday is true.‎ ‎ A = B C The news that our team has won the match is true.‎ ‎ A = C ‎1.同位语：补充说明解释 —— 定语：修辞装饰修饰 ‎ 修饰名词的成分：同位语（从句） >定语（限制性定语从句 ) >非限制性定语从句 2. 对人体起作用的程度： 大脑心脏> 眼睛耳朵 > 皮毛 3. 定语一定不会告诉你先行词是什么，同位语一定会告诉你名词是什么！‎ 4. 翻译：The rumor spread that a new school would be built here. ‎ ‎【答案】一所新学校将被建立在这里的谣言传播开了。‎ ‎【解析】注意定从的位置，有时会和先行词rumor有一定距离 ‎ The village has developed a lot where we learned farming two years ago. ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎【考点总结】‎ ‎1. whose：“ta的”/“ta们的”‎ 例：‎ ‎【2013福建】 The book tells stories of the earthquake through the eyes of those ______ lives were affected.‎ A. whose B. that C. who D. which ‎【2005天津】Last month, part of Southeast Asia was struck by floods, from ______ effects the people are still suffering.‎ A. that B. whose C. those D. what ‎【2006福建】Look out! Don’t get too close to the house ______ roof is under repair. A. whose B. which C. of which D. that ‎【2009天津】A person ______ e-mail account is full won’t be able to send or receive any e-mails.‎ A. who B. whom ‎ C. whose D. whoever ‎【答案】ABAC ‎【解析】whose做定从的定语 ‎2. as：“正如”‎ ‎【2004北京】______ is reported in the newspapers, talks between the two countries are making progress.‎ A. It B. As C.That D. What ‎【2004江苏】______ is often the case, we have worked out the production plan.‎ A. Which B. When C. What D. As ‎【答案】BD ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ 注： as的“先行词”是整个主句 as从句中常用被动 ‎ as引导的定从可置于主句之前 ‎ as用于限制性定语从句时,先行词前面必须被such/so/as/the same所修饰才行。‎ I bought the same car as you bought last week.‎ 定从的世界里没有what和how！‎ ‎ ‎ ‎3.which：“这件事”‎ ‎【2013天津】 We have launched another man-made satellite, ______is announced in today’s newspaper.‎ ‎ A. that B. which C. who D. what ‎【2005浙江】Jim passed the driving test, ______ surprised everybody in the office. A. which B. that C. this D. it ‎【答案】B A ‎【解析】which的“先行词”也可以是整个主句 ‎【2007浙江】Chan’s restaurant on Baker Street, ______ used to be poorly run, is now a successful one.‎ A. that B. which C. who D. where ‎【2011浙江】English is a language shared by several diverse cultures, each of ______ uses it differently. ‎ A. which B. what C. them D. those ‎【答案】B A ‎【解析】which的“先行词”也可以是某个名词 ‎ ‎ ‎4. that：“人物绝不避人物”‎ 人：that可以指代人 物：that可以指代物 绝：当先行词表“绝对”意义时，用that 不：当先行词是“不定代词”时，用that 避：如果句子里已经用了who/which，为避免重复，可以用that 人物：当先行词“即有人又有物”时，用that ‎ ‎ ‎5. 不能用that的情况 § 逗号后 § 介词后 ‎6.“介词+关代”‎ 选择介词时一定要和先行词连在一起。‎ The girl with whom you will dance is my girlfriend.‎ ‎【2009陕西】 Gun control is a subject ____ Americans have argued for a long time.‎ A. of which B. with which ‎ C. about which D. into which ‎ ‎ ‎7.定从的翻译 ‎（一）在汉语中，用“动词+的”修饰名词时，英语中用定语从句 ‎·李辉是个教英语的老师。‎ LiHui is a teacher who teaches English.‎ ‎·Step1：将“定语从句部分”置于先行词之后 ‎·Step2：加上相应的关系词 从句缺名词用关代，不缺名词用关副 § 那是我想要的书。 That is the book that/which I want.‎ 注意：关系代词在从句中作宾语时可省略 § 我很高兴收到了期待已久的邀请函。‎ I am glad/happy/delighted to receive the invitation that/which I have been looking forward to.‎ § 告诉我们你知道的一切。Tell us all that you know.‎ § 他就是我昨天见到的那个人。He is the person that/who/whom I met yesterday § 这就是我喜欢这个想法的原因。This is the reason why I like this idea.‎ § 我最喜欢的书是霍金写的《时间简史》‎ The book that I like best is A Brief History of Time.‎ ‎（二）在汉语中，用“一个句子”补充名词性质时，英语中用定语从句 ‎1.我有一只羊驼。I have an alpaca ‎2.我有一只羊驼，它是我舅舅从澳大利亚带来的。The alpaca was brought by my uncle from Australia. ‎ ‎ which ‎3.Tom 是一只羊驼，他总是说谎。Tom is an alpaca who always tells lies.‎ ‎4.南美是一个地方， 在那儿羊驼经常闯进屋子.‎ South America is a place where alpacas often rush into our house.‎ ‎ ‎ ‎【解题技巧】‎ § Step1：定从的世界里没有what和how § Step2：如果有as和whose，则优先考虑as和whose § Step3：如果从句不完整，填关代，此时“逗号或介词后”不用that，其他情况用that；‎ 如果从句完整，填关副，此时“非时间即地点”——只要先行词不是时间，不管是不是地点，都看做地点。‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎【实战过关】‎ ‎1.【2013湖南】Happiness and success often come to those ______ are good at recognizing their own strengths.‎ A. whom B. who ‎ C. what D. which ‎【答案】B ‎【解析】those用who指代。‎ ‎2.【江西模拟】The increased monthly pay will benefit more than 23 million migrant workers, ______ are currently employed in Guangdong Province..‎ A. where B. when ‎ C. which D. who ‎【答案】D ‎【解析】用who指代23 million migrant workers。‎ ‎3.【2013山东】 Finally he reached a lonely island ______ was completely cut off from the outside world. ‎ A. when B. where ‎ C. which D. whom ‎ ‎ ‎4.【2010全国Ⅱ】I refuse to accept the blame for something ______was someone else’s fault. ‎ A. who B. that ‎ C. as D. what ‎【答案】B ‎【解析】当先行词是“不定代词”时，用that。‎ ‎5.This is one of the most exciting football games ______ I have ever seen.‎ A. where B. that ‎ C. what D. which ‎【答案】B ‎【解析】当先行词表“绝对”意义时，用that ‎6.【2010福建】Stephen Hawking believes that the earth is unlikely to be the only planet ______ life has developed gradually.‎ A. that B. where ‎ C. which D. whose ‎ ‎ ‎7.【2011湖南】Julie was good at German, French and Russian , all of ______ she spoke fluently. ‎ A. who B. whom ‎ C. which D. that ‎【答案】C ‎【解析】不能用that的情况：逗号后和介词后 ‎8.【2011全国II】Ted came for the weekend wearing only some shorts and a T-shirt, ______ is a stupid thing to do in such weather.‎ A. this B. that ‎ C. what D. which ‎【答案】D ‎【解析】which指代整个主句 ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎