【英语】2019-2020学年二轮复习英语新考势突破检测：19　阅读理解——主旨大意题作业

【英语】2019-2020学年二轮复习英语新考势突破检测：19　阅读理解——主旨大意题作业

课时作业19　阅读理解——主旨大意题 ‎(建议用时　30分钟)‎ A ‎(2019年河北省保定市高三上学期期末考试)‎ Humans' invention of zero was vital for modern mathematics and science, but we're not the only species to consider “nothing” a number.Parrots and monkeys understand the concept of zero, and now bees have joined the club, too.‎ Honey bees are known to have some numerical skills such as the ability to count to four, which may come in handy when keeping track of landmarks in their environment.To see whether these abilities extended to understanding zero, researchers trained 10 bees to identify the smaller of two numbers.Across a series of trials, they showed the insects two different pictures displaying a few black shapes on a white background.If the bees flew to the picture with the smaller number of shapes, they were given delicious sugar water, but if they flew toward the larger number, they were punished with bittertasting food.‎ Once the bees had learned to consistently make the correct choice, the researchers gave them a new choice: a white background containing no shapes at all.Even though the bees had never seen an empty picture before, 64% of the time they chose it rather than a picture containing two ‎ or three shapes, the authors report today in Science.This suggests that the insects understood that “zero” is less than two or three.And they weren't just going for the empty picture because it was new and interesting.Another group of bees trained to always choose the larger number tended to pick the nonzero image in this test.‎ In further experiments, the researchers showed that bees' understanding of zero was even more complex: for example, they were able to distinguish between one and zero—a challenge even for some other members of the zero club.Advanced numerical abilities like this could give animals an evolutionary advantage, helping them keep track of predators(捕食者)and food sources.And if an insect can display such a thorough grasp of the number zero, write the researchers, then this ability may be more common in the animal kingdom than we think.‎ ‎1．According to the trials, the researchers have found that bees ________ .‎ A．have the same intelligence as parrots and monkeys B．can count many numbers after being trained C．can identify the smaller number quickly D．understand the concept of zero ‎2．The researchers trained another group of bees to ________．‎ A．confirm the bees are able to identify the smaller number B．find the big difference between the two groups of bees C．prove the bees are interested in new things D．show the bees can be distinguished easily ‎3．What do the researchers suggest in further experiments?‎ A．Bees should be trained more.‎ B．Numerical abilities could help predators find bees.‎ C．Insects are better at understanding zero than animals.‎ D．Animals may display a thorough grasp of the number zero.‎ ‎4．What is the best title for the text?‎ A．New Findings About Bees' Concept of Zero B．Experiments on Bees' Numerical Skills C．Complex Trials About the Zero Club D．A Science Report of the Species of Bees 答案与解析 文章大意：本文是一篇说明文。介绍了研究人员通过试验发现蜜蜂能够理解数字零的概念。‎ ‎1．D　细节理解题。根据第三段中的“This suggests that the insects understood that ‘zero’ is less than two or three.”可知，根据试验，研究人员发现蜜蜂能够理解零的概念，故D项正确。‎ ‎2．A　推理判断题。第二段说研究人员训练十只蜜蜂来识别两个数字中较小的那一个，再结合第三段中的“Another group of bees trained to always choose the larger number tended to pick the nonzero image in this test.”可知，‎ 另一组训练总是挑选较大数字的蜜蜂倾向于选择非零图像，研究人员训练这组蜜蜂的目的就是为了证实蜜蜂能够识别较小的数字，故A项正确。‎ ‎3．D　细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“And if an insect can display such a thorough grasp of the number zero, write the researchers, then this ability may be more common in the animal kingdom than we think.”可知，进一步的研究表明动物能够完全掌握零的概念，故D项正确。‎ ‎4．A　标题归纳题。通读全文，特别是第一段中的“Parrots and monkeys understand the concept of zero, and now bees have joined the club, too.”可知，本文介绍了研究人员通过试验发现蜜蜂能够理解数字零的概念，故A项正确。‎ B ‎(2019年河北省石家庄二中高三模拟质检一)‎ A Swiss airplane powered only by energy from the sun left from Abu Dhabi early on March 9.Its creators hope the plane will make the first aroundtheworld journey without any fuel.The plane is called Solar Impulse 2.It has one seat and is made from carbon fiber.The plane weighs only as much as a car but its wings are wider than a Boeing 747.The plane's wings stretch 72 meters across.Those wings include 17，000 solar units, or cells, which capture the sun's energy.The energy allows the plane to fly day and night.‎ Two Swiss scientists built the plane.Bertrand Piccard is also an explorer who made the first nonstop flight around the world in a ‎ balloon.Andre Borschberg is an engineer and trained fighter pilot.The scientists say they are not trying to alter the airplane industry.Instead, they want to show that new energy sources and technologies can achieve what some say is impossible.“We want to show we can fly day and night in an aircraft without a drop of fuel.” Mr.Piccard said.‎ Some parts of the trip will require the pilots to be in the tiny plane for five to six days and nights in a row.So it is good that the pilot's seat is also a toilet.‎ The plane's route begins in the United Arab Emirates.The pilots also plan stops in Oman, India, and China.They will cross the Pacific Ocean, stop in the United States, and continue over southern Europe or North Africa.They plan to arrive back in the United Arab Emirates in late July or early August.‎ Internet viewers can go to the Solar Impulse website to see the plane's location and listen to broadcasts from the pilots.‎ ‎1．Why does the plane have wider wings?‎ A．It can fly faster and land safely.‎ B．It can get the sun's energy easily.‎ C．It may look like a Boeing 747.‎ D．It will make the plane appear larger.‎ ‎2．What does the underlined word “alter” in Para. 2 probably mean?‎ A．Improve. B．Change. ‎ C．Rebuild. D．Destroy.‎ ‎3．What do we know about the trip made in the plane?‎ A．It will take five to six days and nights.‎ B．It is a nonstop flight around the world.‎ C．It is broadcast live on the Internet.‎ D．It doesn't include North America.‎ ‎4．What does the text mainly talk about?‎ A．A solarpowered plane will travel the globe.‎ B．A good way to save energy has been found.‎ C．A newlybuilt plane consumes no energy.‎ D．Solar energy waits to be fully explored.‎ 答案与解析 文章大意：本文属于说明文阅读。作者通过这篇文章主要向我们描述了科学家们将新能源科技运用到制造太阳能飞机的实验。‎ ‎1．B　细节理解题。根据第一段最后两句Those wings include 17，000 solar units, or cells, which capture the sun's energy.The energy allows the plane to fly day and night.可知，飞机有更宽的机翼是因为它可以很容易地获得太阳能。故选B。‎ ‎2．B　词义猜测题。根据第二段中Instead, they want to show that new energy sources and technologies can achieve what some say is impossible.(相反，他们想要证明，‎ 新能源和新技术可以实现一些人所说的不可能实现的目标。)可知“科学家们并没有试图改变航空业。”所以推知划线词的意思是“改变”。故选B。‎ ‎3．C　推理判断题。根据最后一段Internet viewers can go to the Solar Impulse website to see the plane's location and listen to broadcasts from the pilots.(互联网观众可以访问太阳能动力公司的网站，查看飞机的位置，并收听飞行员的广播。)可知，关于这次飞行，将在互联网上直播。故选C。‎ ‎4．A　主旨大意题。根据第一段中A Swiss airplane powered only by energy from the sun left from Abu Dhabi early on March 9.Its creators hope the plane will make the first aroundtheworld journey without any fuel.The plane is called Solar Impulse 2.(3月9日，一架仅靠太阳能供电的瑞士飞机从阿布扎比起飞。它的创造者希望这架飞机能进行第一次无燃料环球飞行。这架飞机被称为太阳动力2号。)可知，本文讲述的是一架太阳能飞机将环游世界。故选A。‎ C ‎(2019年广西桂林市高三一模)‎ Learning how to face silence in conversation is an important skill, especially when working across cultures.‎ In international negotiations, experienced negotiator (谈判者) stay silent and impassive on purpose because that will make others feel uncomfortable and possibly make compromises without having to do anything.Americans especially can't stand silence, so they often are the ‎ first to break the silence and sometimes might be at a disadvantage in negotiations.‎ So what's the best response? Set your jaw and wait it out.Don't offer a compromise just because they are not speaking.If you have to say something, ask a direct question, such as “What's your initial reaction to that offer？” Once a silence is getting into 45 seconds you could say, “Let's come back to that in a minute and go on with the next part of our negotiation.”‎ In presentations, silence can be far more effective than dramatic passion (热情)．Before starting, look at the audience and be silent for a moment because that says, “I'm in control.I know what I'm doing.I'm confident.”‎ A classic example was when Apple cofounder Steve Jobs launched the first iPhone.He introduced with many pauses so that you didn't miss his key points.Because silence makes us nervous, our natural reaction is that we'd better pay attention, there's something going on here.‎ Equally, when giving a speech to staff or trainees, pauses count—especially if there are negatives.If you keep talking you're spoon_feeding．Give people a moment of silence to get beyond the emotional response and to start thinking consciously and processing.‎ Silence can be an inwardfocused thoughtful activity or an outward stillness where you give yourself the time to watch and think and listen to ‎ the world around you.Having observed the use of silence in Finland and also among the Blackfeet Nation, a North American Indian tribe in northern Montana in the US, we can see benefits far beyond wheeling and dealing.‎ Silence can be a very powerful point for understanding ourselves, understanding others, for developing better common understanding and more productive outcomes and that applies to business, politics, education, law, medicine, every area of human life.‎ ‎1．What is most likely to be Americans idea?‎ A．Speaking less gives the upper hand.‎ B．The shorter talking gaps are, the better.‎ C．A silent man is the best one to listen to.‎ D．Speak out what you have in your mind.‎ ‎2．What is the purpose of the example of Steve Jobs?‎ A．To show the wisdom of Steve Jobs.‎ B．To explain silence can be more effective.‎ C．To introduce how to make a presentation.‎ D．To prove silence can ease one's nervousness.‎ ‎3．What is the meaning of the underlined words “spoon feeding” in Paragraph 6?‎ A．Supporting some person with any selfless help.‎ B．Feeding somebody patiently with a small spoon.‎ C．Giving others some new ideas to think over carefully.‎ D．Using a way that discourages independent thought.‎ ‎4．What is the main idea of the passage?‎ A．Silence is the best defense.‎ B．Silence in negotiations is of great help.‎ C．Learning the skills about silence is important.‎ D．Silence has different meanings in difficult culture.‎ 答案与解析 文章大意：这是一篇说明文。文章说明了学习如何在交谈中面对沉默是一项重要的技能，尤其是在跨文化工作时。文章结合了国际谈判、展示会和演讲三个场合分析了沉默的作用体现。提出沉默对于理解我们自己，理解他人，发展更好的共同理解和更有效的结果是非常重要的，这适用于商业、政治、教育、法律、医学人类生活的每一个领域。‎ ‎1．B　细节理解题。第二段最后一句Americans especially can't stand silence, so they often are the first to break the silence and sometimes might be at a disadvantage in negotiations.可知美国人尤其不能忍受沉默，所以他们往往是第一个打破沉默的人，有时在谈判中可能处于不利地位。因此谈话间隙越短越好是美国人的想法，故选B。‎ ‎2．B　推理判断题。根据上文第四段第一句In presentations, silence can be far more effective than dramatic passion (热情)．可知作者认为在演讲中，沉默比激情更有效。接着第五段举了Steve ‎ Jobs的例子，目的是为了解释上文的观点：沉默可能更有效。故选B。‎ ‎3．D　词义猜测题。根据下文Give people a moment of silence to get beyond the emotional response and to start thinking consciously and processing.可知作者认为给人们片刻的沉默，让他们超越情绪反应，开始有意识地思考和处理问题。即要有适当的沉默来让人们独立思考，可推测上文如果你一直说话，你就阻碍了独立思考，故画线部分spoon feeding意思应理解为：阻碍独立思考。故选D。‎ ‎4．C　主旨大意题。根据文章第一句Learning how to face silence in conversation is an important skill, especially when working across cultures.以及文章主要内容，可知文章讲述的是学习如何在交谈中面对沉默是一项重要的技能，尤其是在跨文化工作时。故选C。‎