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专题11+名词性从句-3年高考2年模拟1年备战2018高考精品系列之英语
专题11 名词性从句(解析版) 【2018年高考命题预测】 高考研究名词性从句是英语中比较复杂的结构,既涉及词汇的用法,也涉及句法结构,是整个高中阶段英语学习的重点和难点之一。 在学习名词性从句时,应注意从以下几个方面入手:一是要熟悉句子的各种成分,尤其是主语、宾语、表语、同位语的特点。 二是要掌握引导名词性从句的连接代词、连接副词的分类及用法(that,if,whether的用法区别); 三是要注意名词性从句中的特殊情况(that的省略,语序问题,时态问题,语气问题); 四是要注意疑问连接词what,when,where等引导名词性从句不表示疑问的情况; 五是要注意whoever,whichever,whatever,whenever,wherever等引导从句的用法。特别需要注意的是要掌握it替代从句的用法。 【考点定位】2018考纲解读和近几年考点分布 (1) 考纲要求 名词性从句是高考的热点,对于名词性从句考纲要求掌握以下内容:掌握主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句的基本用法,了解同位语从句的基本用法。要求考生在复习备考中应该掌握名词性从句的基本用法;一些易混引导词的辨析;句子的语序、否定前移;名词性从句和定语从句、状语从句的辨析等。 (2) 命题规律 一、重点考查宾语从句,其次是同位语从句、表语从句和主语从句,通常考查引导这些从句的引导词的选择。 二、高考对名词性从句的考查仍将不会单纯考查其语法结构,而是将其融入一定的语境中来考查考生的实际综合运用能力。 【考点pk】 名师考点透析 考点1 主语从句 特别提示 (1)if不能引导主语从句。 (2)形式主语it替代主语从句。常见的it替代主语从句的句式主要有以下几种: A.It+系动词+形容词+that从句。如: It is quite clear that the whole project is doomed to failure.很清楚,整个计划注定要失败。 B.It+系动词+名词+that从句。如: It is our hope that the two sides will work towards peace.我们的希望是双方能朝着和平的方向发展。 ②who the letter was from is still unknown.这封信是谁寄出的还不清楚。 ③Whichever of you gets here first will get the prize.你们当中第一个到达这里的人将获得奖项。 3.连接副词引导 ①How acupuncture reduces and relieves pain is unclear.针灸是如何减轻和解除疼痛的还不清楚。 ②why dinosaurs suddenly disappeared still remains a mystery.恐龙为什么突然消失了还是个谜。 考点2 宾语从句 特别提示 whether/if都意为“是否”。一般情况下,它们可以互换,口语中常用if,但以下情况中,只能用whether。 (1)与or not紧接连用时。如: Let me know whether or not you can come.请让我知道你是否能来。 (2)作介词的宾语从句时。如: We are interested in whether you will attend the meeting.我们对你是否参加会议感兴趣。 ④I’ve been thinking about how we can make the newspaper more interesting.我一直在考虑如何使我们的报纸更用趣。 3.宾语从句的语序 在宾语从句中要用陈述句语序。如: ①He asked me when we could set out the next day.他问我第二天什么时候可以出发。 ②Did you find out where she lost her car?你查出她在哪里丢的车了吗? 4.宾语从句的时态 ③She says(that)she has never been to Mount Emei.她说她从来没有去过峨眉山。(从句是现在完成时) (2)当主句的谓语动词是一般过去式时,其宾语从句的时态一般要用适当的过去时态。如: ①He said there were no classes yesterday afternoon.他说昨天下午没有课。(从句是一般过去时) ②He said that light travels much faster than sound.他说光比声音传播得快。 特别提示 在使用宾语从句时需要注意下面几点: (1)动词find,feel,think,consider,make,believe,guess,suppose,assume等后有宾语补足语时,则需要用it作形式宾语,而将that宾语从句后置。如: ①I think it necessary that we take plenty of boiled water every day.我认为每天多喝开水是有必要的。 ②I have made it a rule that I keep diaries.我每天写日记成了惯例。 (3)介词后的宾语从句。如: ①She is always thinking of how she can do more for others.她总想着如何才能为别人做得更多。 ②We are talking about whether we admit students into our club.我们正在讨论是否让学生加入我们的俱乐部。 (4)宾语从句的否定转移。将think,believe,suppose,expect,fancy,imagine等动词后面宾语从句的否定词转移到主句中,即主句的谓语动词用否定式,而从句的谓语动词用肯 定式。如: ①I don’t think I know you.我想我并不认识你。 ②I don’t believe he will come.我相信他不回来。 考点3、表语从句 ②The question remains whether they will be able to help us.问题还是他们能否帮我们。 2.连接代词和连接副词引导 ①The problem is who will take charge of this shop.问题是谁将接管这家店铺。 ②That is when I realized the importance of journalism.那时我才意识到新闻工作的重要性。 特别提示 考点4 同位语从句 同位语从句在句子中作某一名词的同位语,一般位于该名词之后,说明该名词的具体内容。这些名词常见的有idea,fact,news,hope,belief,thought,doubt,promise,suggestion, order等。 1.通常用连词that引导同位语从句,that无词义,也不作句子成分,但不能省略。注意从句用陈述句语序。如: ①They expressed the hope that we would go and visit Shanghai again.他们表示希望我们再去访问上海。 ②I have no idea why he was excited at that time.我不知道当时他激动的原因。 考点5 名词性从句需要注意的事项 1.that的用法。在主语从句、表语从句和同位语从句中that一般不能够省略;在宾语从句中有时可以省略,一般需要注意下面两点: (1)当that从句作介词宾语时,that不能省略。如:They share little in common except that they are from the same country.除了来自同一个国家之外,他们几乎没有共同点。 ①The hope that he may recover is not gone yet.他会康复的希望没有消失。(that不充当成分,也无含义) ②What he said proved to be true.他所说的话证明是正确的。(what作said的宾语,可以翻译为“……的话”) 3.定语从句与同位语从句的区别。定语从句是从句对其先行词的修饰或限制;而同位语从句是对从句前面的抽象名词作进一步的说明和解释。如: ①The news that our team has won the game Was true.我们队赢了那场比赛的消息是真的。(同位语从句,补充说明news到底是一个什么消息) ②The news that he told me yesterday Was true.昨天他告诉我的那个消息是真的。(定语从句,news在从句中作told的宾语) ③I made a promise that if anyone set me free 1 would make him very rich.我许诺如果谁让我自由,我就让他非常富有。 (同位语从句,补充说明promise的内容) ④The mother made a promise that pleased all her children.妈妈许下了一个令她的孩子们高兴的诺言。(定语从句,promise在从句中作pleased的主语) 【三年高考】 15、16、17高考试题及其解析 2017年高考题 【2017·北京】23. Every year, ______ makes the most beautiful kite will win a prize in the Kite Festival. A. whatever B. whoever C. whomever D. whichever 【答案】B 试题分析:A. whatever 任何事 B. whoever 任何人 C. whomever 任何人 D. whichever无论哪个。句意:每年,任何一个做出最漂亮的风筝的人将会在风筝节获奖。空格所在部分是主语从句,缺少主语,用连接代词,根据意思可知是人获奖,故排除AD,因为需要做主语,只能用主格代词who,故选B。 考点:考查连词。 【名师点睛】 主语从句 Subject Clauses (在主语的位置上) 1. 从句的连接词可以是that, 也可以是特殊疑问词wh-。 That he is a famous singer is known to us.= It is known to us that… Whether we shall attend the meeting hasn’t been decided yet. Who will go makes no difference. u It is known to us that he is a famous singer. u It is not yet fixed when he will go to America. 本题中,whatever引导主语从句,同时作do的宾语。 2. wh和ever 连用的词引导的名词性从句和状语从句的区别 l 区分使用wh-和wh-ever: wh 有疑问的意思;wh-ever有肯定强调的意思 *Who will be invited hasn’t been decided. *Whoever comes here is welcomed. *A reward of 1,000 will be given to whoever can provide any clues to the case. *The gift will be given to whomever I like. l wh-ever 在引导名词性从句时不能用no matter wh-来替换,但在引导状语从句时可以替换 Whatever happened, he would not mind. = No matter what happened, he…… 【2017·北京】26. Jane moved aimlessly down the tree-lined street, not knowing ______she was heading. A. why B. where C. how D. when 【答案】B 考点:考查连词。 【2017·江苏】26. We choose this hotel because the price for a night here is down to 20, half of _______ it used to charge. A. that B. which C. what D. how 【答案】C 【名师点睛】 这里容易误判为定语从句的“介词+关系代词”结构,需要注意的是,half of后面的价格是以前的价格。 如果是定语从句,那么half of后面的价格则是20的一半,即10,再结合“down to”可知,原来的价格 高于20,因此不是定语从句。 介词of后跟宾语,因此这里是宾语从句,通过分析句子成分可知,宾语从句缺少宾语,因此用what引导。 宾语从句 1. 动词后的宾语从句 1) that引导的宾语从句 后常接that引导的宾语从句的动词有admit, agree, answer, believe, decide, declare, expect, explain, feel, hear, hope, intend, insist, mean, notice9 0rder, remember, reply, say, suggest, think, wish 等 2) wh-,if引导的宾语从句 后常接wh-,if引导的宾语从句的动词有advise,ask,discuss,doubt,find out,imagine,inform,1nquire, know, question, tell, understand, wonder,出scover等。 3)“动词十间接宾语+宾语从句” 常使用此类结构的动词有advise,ask,inform,promise,question,remind,show,teach,tell,warn,assure等。 4)“动词+it十形容词/名词+that从句” 常见的后接it作形式宾语的动词有find,feel,think,believe,make,consider等。 5) it作形式宾语的特殊句型 常见的有:see to it that...;hate it that...;owe it to sb. that...;take it for granted that. 2. 形容词后宾语从句 后常接宾语从句的形容词有:anxious,aware,certain,determined,glad,proud, surprised, worried, sorry, thankful, ashamed, disappointed, pleased, content, proud, annoyed, convinced,confident等。 3. 介词后宾语从句 后常接宾语从句的介词有on,about,in,but,except等。 4. 宾语从句需要注意的问题 1)当主句是一般现在时或者一般将来时时,宾语从句可根据句子意思选择用所需要的时态。 2)当主句是一般过去时时,宾语从句必须用相应的过去时态。 3)但是当宾语从句表达的是普遍真理或客观规律时,宾语从句时态不受主句时态限制而用一般现在时。 4)当主句谓语是think,believe,suppose,expect,imagine等,宾语从句的意义是否定时,not要转移到主句中;但当从句有否定意义的never,.seldom,hardly,scarcely等词时, 否定词不转移。 5)主句中谓语是think,believe,suppose,ex》ect,imagine,guess等,同时,wh-连词引导的表示疑问的宾语从句,应将连词wh-置于主句前面,主句若是疑问语序,从句语序不变。例 如:When do you think he will come back? Do you think when he will come back?(错句) 6)当主句动词是wish时,从句的时态要用虚拟语气;当主句的动词是suggest,demand, require等词时,从句要用可省略should的虚拟语气。 7) if常可代替whether,但是当从句作介词宾语时,只能用whether。 8)引导宾语从句的that常可省略,但是当两个that从句由and或or连接时,第二个从句的that不能省略。 考点:宾语从句 【2017·天津】4. She asked me _______ I had returned the books to the library, and I admitted that I hadn’t. A. when B. where C. whether D. what 【答案】C 考点:考查宾语从句。 【名师点睛】本题是对宾语从句中连词的考查。对于宾语从句的连词的确定,首先确定连词的词义,然后根据句意判断出正确的连词,本句的句意很明显,确定为是否。 2016年高考题 1.【2016·北京】24. Your support is important to our work. ________ you can do helps. A. However B. Whoever C. Whatever D. Wherever 【答案】C 考点:考查主语从句 【名师点睛】 主语从句 Subject Clauses (在主语的位置上) 1. 从句的连接词可以是that, 也可以是特殊疑问词wh-。 That he is a famous singer is known to us.= It is known to us that… Whether we shall attend the meeting hasn’t been decided yet. Who will go makes no difference. u It is known to us that he is a famous singer. u It is not yet fixed when he will go to America. 本题中,whatever引导主语从句,同时作do的宾语。 2. wh和ever 连用的词引导的名词性从句和状语从句的区别 l 区分使用wh-和wh-ever: wh 有疑问的意思;wh-ever有肯定强调的意思 *Who will be invited hasn’t been decided. *Whoever comes here is welcomed. *A reward of 1,000 will be given to whoever can provide any clues to the case. *The gift will be given to whomever I like. l wh-ever 在引导名词性从句时不能用no matter wh-来替换,但在引导状语从句时可以替换 Whatever happened, he would not mind. = No matter what happened, he…… 2.【2016·北京】29. The most pleasant thing of the rainy season is ________ one can be entirely free from dust. A. what B. that C. whether D. why 【答案】B 考点:考查表语从句 【名师点睛】 表语从句 Predictive Clauses (在be动词 后) 1. 从句的连接词可以是that, 也可以是wh-的特殊疑问词。 The fact is that she never liked him. The question is whether the movie is worth seeing. The question is who can complete the difficult task. u This/That/It is because … I think it is because you are doing too much. u The reason why…is that… The reason why the play is successful is that it appeals to many different people. 2. 只能用whether 的情况 * 在表语从句、主语从句、同位语从句中 * 在介词后的宾语从句中 It all depends on whether they will support us. * 在不定式之前 He doesn’t know whether to stay or not. * 从句中有or not时 He doesn’t know whether he should stay or not. 3.【2016·江苏】21.It is often the case ______anything is possible for those who hang on to hope. A. why B. what C. as D. that 【答案】D 【解析】 试题分析:考查主语从句。本句中it是形式主语,真正的主语是连接词that做引导的主语从句,连接词that在本句中不充当任何成分,只是一个引导词而已,不能省略。连接副词why要在句中做状语,连接代词what通常在句中做主语、宾语或表语等;as通常不引导名词性从句。句意:对于那些心存希望的人一切皆可能是事实。故D正确。 【名师点睛】 that 引导主语从句:由连词that引导的主语从句,在大多数情况下被放到句子的后面,用it 作形式主语来代替它的位置。常见的以it作形式主语的主语从句的句型有三种。 1. It + be + 形容词+that从句 适用于这种句型的常见形容词有:necessary,clear,true,strange,important,wonderful,possible,likely,obvious,surprising etc。 1) It’s clear that they badly need help。很明显,他们急需援助。 2) It’s possible that we can carry out the project at last. 最终我们能完成这项工程是有可能的。 表语为 necessary,clear,true,strange, important, wonderful,possible, likely, obvious, surprising, astonishing, etc.等形容词时,谓语动词的形式一般为“should + 动词原形” 3) It is necessary that you (should)master the computer. 你很有必要掌握电脑。 4) It is strange that he should have killed himself .真奇怪,他竟然自杀了 2. It +be +名词词组+ that从句 常用于这种句型的名词词组有:a fact, a good idea,a pity,an hour,a shame,no wonder,good news etc. 1) It’s a pity that you missed the film.你没有看那部电影真是太遗憾了。 2) ―Tom has a bad cold. 汤姆患了重感冒。 ―It is no wonder that he looks pale. ――难怪他看起来脸色苍白。 3) It is a great shame that he should have stolen a pen. 他竟然偷钢笔,真是太丢脸了。 shame 所用的句中要用虚拟语气。 3. It + be+ 过去分词+ that从句 常有的过去分词有:said,reported, hoped, believed, expected, decided, well-known, thought, suggested 等。 1) It is well-known that the earth moves around the sun.众所周知,地球围绕太阳转。 2) It’s reported that the two countries have made an agreement about their trades. 据报道这两个国家就贸易问题达成协议。 过去分词表示:建议,命令,愿望如suggested , ordered, requested等词时,从句需用虚拟语气。动 词形式为:should + 原型。 1) It is requested that Mr. Wang (should) give a performance.有人请求王先生表演一个节目。 2) It is suggested that we should discuss the problem .有人建议我们应该讨论一下这个问题。 考点:考查主语从句 4.【2016·天津】11. The manager put forward a suggestion ____ we should have an assistant. There is too much work to do. A. whether B. that C. which D. what 【答案】B 考点:考查同位语从句。 【名师点睛】解答这类题目,关键在于分析清楚句子结构,知道引导词的使用习惯。通过判断引导词在从句中所作的成分,来选择正确的引导词。连接同位语从句的连词主要有that, if, whether,和疑问词(what how where when ...)。that引导表示陈述句的同位语从句,if和whether,whether...or not引导表示“是否”的一般疑问句的同位语从句。判断是否是同位语从句,还可以用同位词+is+同位语从句,如果可以讲的通,一般就是同位语从句,例如这题中,可以改成The suggestion is that we should have an assistant. 【短文改错】 【2016·全国新课标I】短文改错(10 分) My uncle is the owner of a restaurant close to that I live. 1. that →where 考查宾语从句的引导词。介词后面的宾语从句缺少状语,根据句意判断此处表示地点。故把that改为where。 2015年高考题 1.【2015·湖南】26.You have to know ________ you're going if you are to plan the best way of getting there. A. what B. that C. where D. who 【答案】C 【解析】 试题分析:根据分析可知: You have to know…后面是一个宾语从句。宾语从句的连接词有连接代词和连接副词,连接代词有:who, whom, whose, which, what,在句中担任主语、宾语、定语或者表语,连接副词有:when, where, why, how,在句中担任状语的成分。You’re going if you are to plan the best way of getting there.是一个完整的句子,所以应该用连接副词来引导从句。句意:如果你已经计划好去那里的最佳方案,你必须知道你将要去哪里。故选C 【考点定位】考查宾语从句。 【名师点睛】判断是什么句子最关键,这个句子是由know引导的宾语从句,宾语从句的连接词有连接代词和连接副词。因为从句部分缺少状语成分,答案就出来了。正确解答该题需要理解句意以及注意上下文(you're going if you are to plan the best way of getting there.)的表达。 2.【2015·北京】33.I truly believe ______beauty comes from within. A. that B. where C. what D. why 【答案】A 【考点定位】考查名词性从句。 【名师点睛】名词性从句分多种,宾语从句在考试中也是很常见的,要注意宾语是句子的一个重要成分,它可以由名词、代词、名词短语或句子充当。当一个句子充当宾语时,这个句子就称之为宾语从句。一般情况下,宾语从句可作谓语 的宾语,也可做主语的宾语。根据所选空在句中所作的成分来判断出是何种名词性从句。 3.【2015·安徽】25.A ship in harbor is safe, but that’s not ______ ships are built for. A. what B. whom C. why D. when 【答案】A 【解析】 试题分析:句意:船停放在海港里是很安全的,但这并非建造船的目的。isn’t后跟从句作表语,表语从句中的for后缺少宾语,用what引导,what与for连用,表示目的。故选A。 【考点定位】考查名词性从句 【名师点睛】本题考查表语从句。表语从句是名词性从句的一种,名词性从句还包括主语从句、宾语从句和同位语从句。可以根据从句在句子中充当的成分来判断名词性从句的类型。isn’t后跟一个从句作表语,what在名词性从句中作主语、宾语或表语;why和when作状语。介词for后缺少宾语,因此用what。 4.【2015·浙江】6. If you swim in a river or lake, be sure to investigate is below the water surface. Often there are rocks or branched hidden in the water. A. what B. who C. that D. whoever 【答案】A 【考点定位】考查宾语从句的连接词 【名师点睛】判断是什么句子最关键,这个句子是由investigate引导的宾语从句,因为从句部分is 前面缺少成分,答案就出来了。正确解答该题需要理解句意以及注意上下文(Often there are rocks or branched hidden in the water.)的表达。 5.【2015·重庆】8.We must find out ____ Karl is coming, so we can book a room for him. A. when B. how C. where D. why 【答案】A 【解析】 试题分析:句意:我们必须弄明白什么时候来,因此我们能给他预定房间。Find out 后面跟着宾语从句。根据句意选when。 【考点定位】考查宾语从句。 【名师点睛】 宾语从句连接词的考查,宾语从句一共分为三类,一由that引导的宾语从句;二是由连接代词who,whom,whose,what,which和连接副词when,where,why,who,how引导的宾语从句,这些连接代词和连接副词在宾语从句充当某个成分。三由if或whether引导宾语从句。首先要根据句子结构来确实是哪一类,再根据具体的信息来确实用哪一个,是否符合当时的语境。 6.【2015·四川】8.The exhibition tells us we should do something to stop air pollution. A. where B. why C. what D. which 【答案】B 【考点定位】考查宾语从句 【名师点睛】本题考查宾语从句的引导词。通常情况下,宾语从句如果是由陈述句变来时用that引导;如果由一般疑问句变来则用whether/if;而由特殊疑问句变来则用特殊疑问词。通过四个选项,排除1、2两种情况。而特殊疑问词的选择则要求对句子的结构内容有着全盘的掌握。此句中,主语、宾语、定语并不缺少,故选项C、D是错误的,再根据句意,只有B最为恰当。 7.【2015·陕西】19. Reading her biography, I was lost in admiration for Doris Lessing had achieved in literature. A. what B. that C. why D. how 【答案】A 【解析】 试题分析:句意:读完了她的自传后,我对Dor宾语从句是名词性从句的一种, 解答这类题目,关键在于分析清楚句子结构。确定这是什么从句,再通过判断从句中缺少的内容决定引导词在从句中所作的成分及意义,来选择正确的引导词。通常如果名词性从句缺少主语宾语和表语的时候用what连接。is Lessing在文学上做出的贡献非常敬佩。介词for后面是宾语从句,从句中缺少宾语,所以选A。 【考点定位】考查宾语从句 【名师点睛】宾语从句是名词性从句的一种,解答这类题目,关键在于分析清楚句子结构。确定这是什么从句,再通过判断从句中缺少的内容决定引导词在从句中所作的成分及意义,来选择正确的引导词。通常如果名词性从句缺少主语宾语和表语的时候用what连接。 8.【2015·福建】29—I wonder _________ Mary has kept her figure after all these years. —By working out every day. A. where B. how C. why D. If 【答案】B 【解析】 试题分析:考查宾语从句。句中I是主语,wonder是谓语,how引导的宾语从句在整个句子中做宾语。连接副词How是宾语从句中的方式状语。句子是用表示方式的介词by回答的,所以是针对方式题提问的,故用how。根据句意---我好奇玛丽在这些年是怎么保持着身材的。--通过每天锻炼。故选C 【考点定位】考查宾语从句 【名师点睛】宾语从句算是高考中一个比较简单的考点,引导词主要的选择方法是看宾语从句的引导词在主句中做什么成分,不同的引导词表达的意思也不相同。通常宾语从句的前面会有一个及物动词,及物动词后面可以直接接上宾语,但是也要结合具体情况进行具体分析。 9.【2015·江苏】25._____ Li Bai, a great Chinese poet, was born is known to the public, but some won’t accept it. A. That B. Why C. Where D. How 【答案】C 【考点定位】名词性从句 【名师点睛】此题由于“a great Chinese poet”的插入,句子结构变得稍显复杂,因此要求考生能够排除结构干扰,看清考点还是考查名词性从句连接词的选择,然后根据“从句部分缺什么补什么的原则选则连接词”这一根本原则,同时结合句意,迅速锁定正确答案。 10.【2015·北京】35. _____we understand things has a lot to do with what we feel. A. Where B.How C.Why D. When 【答案】B 【解析】 试题分析:句意:我们如何理解事情与我们所感受的有很大关系。根据句意可知,主语从句缺少方式状语,因此选择how。故选B。 【考点定位】主语从句。 【名师点睛】主语从句分多种,解题时要分析原题空中缺少的是何种状语。这类题考生首先要利用主句与从句之间的逻辑关系判别,尤其是连词在从句中的功能,由于引导主语从句的连词功能有所分别,较为容易抉择,但有的连词的形式一样,但具有不同意思,这就需要考生仔细甄别,充分利用与之相关内容或与其搭配相关词语的意思。 2014年高考试题 1.【2014·全国大纲卷】24.Exactly______ the potato was introduced into Europe is uncertain, but it was probably around 1565. A. whether B. why C. when D.how 【答案】C 考点:考查主语从句的连接词。 2.【2014·重庆卷】12. --- Is it true that Mike refused an offer from Yale University yesterday? --- Yeah, but I have no idea _______ he did it; that’s one of his favorite universities. A. when B. why C. that D. how 【答案】B 【解析】 试题分析:Mike放弃了最心仪的耶鲁大学,令人不解其故。A项表“时间”,D项表“方式”,均不合题意。have no idea = not know,后面的从句应该表示“疑问”,排除表“确定事实”的C项。故本题选择B项。why表示“原因”。 考点:考查同位语从句的用法。 3.【2014·北京卷】Some people believe _______ has happened before or is happening now will repeat itself in the future. A. whatever B. whenever. C. wherever D. however 【答案】A 【解析】 试题分析:本题考查宾语从句,考查方式为连接词。句意:有些人认为以前或现在正在发生的事情将来还会重复发生。根据题干信息,“过去发生或现在正发生的事情,将来仍然会重复”,宾语从句中缺少主语,并且指的是事件,所以选用A。 考点:考查宾语从句的用法 4.【2014·北京卷】30. The best moment for the football star was _______ he scored the winning goal. A. where B. when C. how D. why 【答案】B 【解析】 试题分析:本题考查表语从句,考查方式为连接词的选择。句意:对于一个足球明星来说,进球得分的时刻是最好的时刻。根据题干前半部分中的“moment”一词推断,后面应该说的是“…的时候”,所以本题选B。 考点:考查表语从句的连接词 5.【2014·天津卷】14. I think _______ impresses me about his painting is the colours he uses. A. what B. that C. which D. who 【答案】A 考点:考查主语从句。 6.【2014·山东卷】7. It is difficult for us to imagine_____ life was like for slaves in the ancient world. A. where B. what C. which D. why 【答案】B 【解析】 试题分析:imagine后需要一个宾语,“life was like…”做imagine的宾语需要一个不做句子成分的引导词,同时这个句子中like缺少宾语,所以空格处缺少一个兼词what。句意为:很难想象古代奴隶的生活是什么样子的。故答案选B。 考点:考查宾语从句的用法。 7.【2014·江西卷】28. Among the many dangers_-- sailors have to face, probably the greatest of all is fog. A. which B. what C. where D. when 【答案】A 【解析】 试题分析:由句子意思可分析出sailors have to face 作定语,修饰先行词the many dangers,且从句缺少宾语(face...),要用关系代词。 因此A选项正确。句意为“ 在水手不得不面对的许多危险中,可能最大的是雾霾。” 考点:考查定语从句 8.【2014·四川卷】2. Grandma pointed to the hospital and said, "That's ______ I was born." A. when B. how C. why D. where 【答案】D 考点:考查表语从句的用法。 9.【2014·福建卷】34. Pick yourself up. Courage is doing you're afraid to do. A. that B. what C. how D. whether 【答案】B 【解析】 试题分析:这里含有一个宾语从句,引导词在从句中作do之后的宾语,故用what,所以选B。句意:振作起来。勇气就是做你害怕去做的事情。 【知识拓展】 在句子中起宾语作用的从句叫做宾语从句。宾语从句分为三类:动词的宾语从句,介词的宾语从句和形容词的宾语从句。连接宾语从句的从属连词主要有that, if, whether,和疑问词(what, how, where, when ...)。 考点:考查宾语从句。 10.【2014·江苏卷】26. —What a mess! You are always so lazy! —I’m not to blame, mum. I am ________ you have made me. A. how B. what C. that D. who 【答案】B 【解析】 试题分析:考查名词性从句用法。本题考查的是表语从句,注意动词make后接双宾语,即make sb. sth.故用关系词what来引导。句意:——怎么这么乱啊!你总是这么懒!——我不应该受到责备,妈妈。我是你使得我这样的。故B正确。 考点:考名词性从句用法 11.【2014·陕西卷】15. ________ the delayed flight will take off depends much on the weather. A. Why B. When C. That D. What 【答案】B 考点:考查主语从句 12.【2014·湖南卷】24. As John Lennon once said,life is_____ happens to you while you are busy making other plans. A. which B. that C. what D. where 【答案】C 【解析】 试题分析:考查名词性从句用法。本题主句是一个表语从句,表语从句中缺少主语,故用what来引导。在名词性从句中,当从句缺少主语、宾语或表语时,一般用关系词what来引导。句意:正如约翰·列侬曾经说过,当我们正在为生活疲于奔波时,生活已离我们远去。故C正确。 考点:考查名词性从句用法 13.【2014·浙江卷】8. “Every time you eat a sweet, drink green tea.” This is _____ my mother used to tell me. A. what B. how C. that D. whether 【答案】A 【试题分析】这里是what引导的表语从句,what在从句中作tell的宾语;表语从句里缺少的是宾语;that和whether在表语从句中不作成分,why在表语从句中不能作宾语。这里句意:“每次你吃糖的时候,你要喝绿茶”这是妈妈过去常常给我说的话。故选A。 【知识拓展】这四个词在引导表语从句的区别:what引导的表语从句,它在从句中作主语或宾语;how引导的表语从句,它在从句中作状语;that引导的表语从句,它在从句不做成分,没有词义;whether引导的表语从句,它在从句中作主语或宾语不做成分,但是有“是否”的含义。 考点:考查表语从句。 【两年模拟】2016、2017名校模拟题及其答案解析 2017年模拟题 1. 【2017届北京市东城区高三5月综合练习(二模)】Agatha didn’t tell me ______ she would pick up her son from school. A. which B. when C. where D. what 【答案】B 2. 【2017届北京市东城区高三5月综合练习(二模)】 It is well known _____Confucius was born in the city of Qufu in Shandong province, China. A. whether B. where C. that D. what 【答案】C 【解析】考查连接词。句意:众所周知,孔子出生在中国山东省的曲阜市。本题中it作形式主语,真正的主语是that引导的从句,故选C。 3. 【2017届北京市海淀区高三5月期末练习(二模)】 is willing to volunteer in the 2022 Beijing Winter Olympics is welcome to join us. A. Whatever B. Whoever C. Whenever D. Wherever 【答案】B 【解析】考查主语从句。句意:无论是谁愿意在2022年北京冬季奥运会做志愿者,都欢迎来加入我们。whoever引导主语从句时,意义相当于anyone who,即表示“任何人……都”“谁……谁就(都)”“不管是谁……那都”。故选B。 4. 【2017届江苏省南京市高三第三次模拟】The problem _______he will have his college education at home or abroad remains untouched. A. how B. whether C. that D. when 【答案】B 【解析】考查同位语从句连接词。句意:他到底是在国内还是在国外上大学这个问题仍然没有被触及。he will have his college education at home or abroad是对problem的解释说明,是同位语从句,根据句中的or可以应该用whether,whether...or...意为“是……还是……”,故选B。 5. 【2017届江苏省南通、扬州、泰州、淮安四市高三下学期第三次模拟】— The rent of our flat will see a 20% rise this year? — Yes. That’s ______ I have compromised with the flat owner. A. what B. where C. how D. when 【答案】B 6. 【2017届天津市十二重点中学高三毕业班联考(二)】 What surprised us most is that be doesn’t know the differences between the two books lie. A. that B. what C. which D. where 【答案】D 【解析】考察宾语从句。句意"最让我们惊讶的是他不知道两本书有什么区别。"这里接的是宾语从句,而后面的从句缺少的是地点状语。所以应该用where。故选D。 7.【北京市大兴区2017届高三一模】 worries the public that air pollution is becoming more and more serious these days. A. It B. That C. What D. This 【答案】A 【解析】考查it的用法。句意:这些天空气污染正变得越来越严重,这让公众担忧。本句用it作形式主语,真正的主语是that air pollution is becoming more and more serious these days,故选A。 8. 【江苏省连云港市、徐州市、宿迁市2017届高三年级第三次模拟】We sell a lot of products offshore and the opportunity to open up markets in regions ________ we don't currently sell a lot to is a great one. A. where B. that C. what D. when 【答案】B 9. 【江苏省苏锡常镇2017届高三英语教学情况调查(二)】The infrastructure of a country is ________ makes everything run well, including things like transport, irrigation, electricity and schools. A. which B. that C. where D. what 【答案】D 【解析】考查表语从句。句意:一个国家的基础设施就是使一切运转正常的东西,包括运输、灌溉、电力和学校等。此处有实际意义表示“什么”,在表语从句中作主语用what引导,故选D。 10.【江苏省淮阴中学2017届高三下学期期初考】 It’s true that beauty does not always meet with a single, uniform standard. A person’s cultural background, for example, may influence ______ he or she find attractive in others. A. that B. which C. what D. when 【答案】C 【解析】考查宾语从句连接词。句意:的确,美并不总是符合单一的、统一的标准,例如,一个人的文化背景可能会影响到他或她在别人眼中的吸引力。influence缺少宾语,因此后面是一个宾语从句;宾语从句中的find也缺少宾语,因此连接词既作influence的宾语,也作从句中find的宾语,根据句意,用what正确。故选C。 2016年模拟题 1. 【天津市红桥区重点中学2016届高三下学期八校联考】 As was known to all, John had broken his promise ___ he would stay with us for some time . A. when B. which C. that D. what 【答案】C 考点:考查同位语从句 2.【浙江省宁波市效实中学等十校2016届高三3月联考】18. ______ they grow, they make sure ______ is left in the ground after harvesting becomes a natural fertilizer for the next year’s crop. A. What; that B. Whatever; which C. Whatever; what D. Whichever; what 【答案】C 【解析】 试题分析:首先看第二个空,空格引导一个宾语从句,在这个从句中少主语,故排除A,两个空要保持一致,所以选C。 句意:无论他们种什么,他们确信在了收获后留在地里的都会成为为了来年的收成的一中天然的肥料。 考点:条件状语从句,宾语从句 3.【北京市海淀区2016届高三下学期期末考试(二模)】________ amazed us greatly was that Linda could speak five languages. A. That B. What C. Which D. Why 【答案】B 【解析】 试题分析:考查主语从句。本句中what引导主语从句并在句中做主语,AD两项不能在句中做主语,which总有疑问的含义。句意:最让我们惊讶的是Linda可以讲五种语言。故B正确。 【名师点睛】 what引导名词性从句的五种用法 一、用法归纳 1. 表示“……的东西或事情”: They’ve done what they can to help her. 他们已经尽力帮助了她。 He saves what he earns. 他赚多少,积蓄多少。 What Mary is is the secretary. 玛丽的职务是秘书。 2. 表示“……的人或的样子”: He is no longer what he was. 他已经不是以前的那个样子。 He is what is generally called a traitor. 他就是人们通常所说的叛徒。 Who is it that has made Fred what he is now? 是谁把弗雷德培养成现在这个样子的? 3. 表示“……的数量或数目”: Our income is now double what it was ten years ago. 我们现在的收入是10年前的两倍。 The number of the students in our school is ten times what it was before liberation. 现在我校学生的数量是解放前的10倍。 4. 表示“……的时间”: After what seemed like hours he came out with a bitter smile. 似乎过了几个小时他才苦笑着出来。 The young girl was too frightened to speak, standing there for what seemed like hours. 小女孩吓得不敢说话,在那儿站了几个小时。 5. 表示“……的地方”: This is what they call Salt Lake City. 这就是他们称为盐湖城的地方。 In 1492, Columbus reached what is now called America. 1492年哥伦布到达了现在所称的美洲大陆。 考点:考查主语从句 4.【北京市海淀区2016届高三下学期期末考试(二模)】I wonder ________ the equipment will be available in ten days. A. that B. when C. whether D. where 【答案】C 【名师点睛】 whether和if都可以引导宾语从句,表示“是否”,在口语或间接引语中两者可以互换使用。如: I wonder if / whether I can get some advice from you. Ask him whether / if he can come. 但在有些情况下,whether和if的用法有一定区别。 1. whether引导的从句常可以与连词or或or not直接连用,而if一般不能。如: 正: Let me know whether you can come or not. 误: Let me know if you can come or not. 2. 当宾语从句提到句首时,只能用whether引导,而不能用if。如: 正: Whether it is true or not, I can’t tell. 误: If it is true or not, I can’t tell. 3. whether可以引导带to的不定式,if则不能。如: 正: I don’t know whether to accept or refuse. 误: I don’t know if to accept or refuse. 4. whether及其引导的成分可放于介词之后,作介词的宾语,但if不能。如: 正: I worry about whether I hurt her feelings. 误: I worry about if I hurt her feelings. 5. whether可以引导从句,作主语、表语或同位语,而if不能。如: 正: It was uncertain whether he would come. 误: It was uncertain if he would come. 正: His first question was whether Tom had arrived yet. 误: His first question was if Tom had arrived yet. 正: We must consider the question whether we will take these measures. 误: We must consider the question if we will take these measures. 考点:考查宾语从句 5.【北京市朝阳区2016届高三第二次(5月)综合练习】______ made the dining room extra special is its polished wooden floor. A. What B.That C.Who D. Which 【答案】A 考点:考查主语从句的关系词的用法。 6.【北京市朝阳区2016届高三第二次(5月)综合练习】Ann forgot ______ she had left the car and it took her half an hour to find it in the parking lot. A. where B. when C. why D. how 【答案】A 【解析】 试题分析:句意:Ann忘了她把那辆车放在哪里了,她花了半个小时才在停车场找到它。这里却地点状语,所以用where引导地点状语,故选A。 考点:考查主语状语从句的副词的用法。 7. 【 江苏省淮安市淮海中学2016届高三9月月考】 The other day, my friend John drove his car down the street at ________ I thought was a dangerous speed, ________ surprised everyone in the car. A. which; that B. which; what C. what; which D. that; which 【答案】C 【解析】 试题分析:考查宾语从句。句意:另一天,我的朋友约翰开车以一个我认为是非常危险的速度,这让车上的人都惊呆了。第一个空what引导一个宾语从句,第二个空是一个非限制性定语从句,所以选C。 考点:考查宾语从句 8.【江苏省盐城市2016届高三上学期期中考试】A competent teacher is perfectly aware that it’s not what is poured into a student that counts, but ________ is planted. A. what B. that C. why D. how 【答案】A 【解析】 试题分析:句意:一个称职的老师能够完全意识到,起作用的不是被灌输到学生脑子里的东西,而是能在他们脑子里扎根的知识。此处和what is poured into a student(由not…but连接的)并列,用what引导。故选A。 考点:考查表语从句 9. 【浙江省温州市十校联合体2016届高三下学期期初联考】 Over 1.8 million of Hong Kong’s residents have sent out a clear message against the movement ______ they want an end to disorders and a return to normal life. A. what B. that C. which D. where 【答案】 B 考点 : 考查同位语从句 10. 【江苏省大丰市新丰中学2016届高三10月月考】He expressed his hope ___ he would visit China again the next year, and this was the very hope ___ he expressed as soon as he arrived in the country. A. that; that B. which; which C. that; which D. which; that 【答案】A 【解析】 试题分析:考查名词性从句。句意:他表达了他希望明天能再来中国,这是他一到这个国家唯一的一种希望。第一空:that引导同位语从句。第二空:that引导定语从句。因为先行词有the very 修饰,故不可用which,故选A项。 考点 : 考查名词性从句 11. 【江苏省大丰市新丰中学2016届高三10月月考】— Are you in favor of Tom’s suggestion ____we work around the clock to meet the deadline? — No. But ______ Jimmy suggested to me sounds practical. A. which; what B. that; that C. which; that D. that; what 【答案】D 考点:考查同位语从句和主语从句 12. 【江苏省苏北四市(徐州、淮安、连云港、宿迁)2016届高三上学期期中质量】— It’s difficult for corrupt officials to hide abroad nowadays. — That’s it! The Chinese government will do _______ it takes to get them back. A. whatever B. whoever C. whichever D. wherever 【答案】 A 【解析】 试题分析:考查名词性从句。句意:——现在腐败官员藏身海外非常的困难。——确实如此,中国政府将不惜一切代价把他们遣返回国。whatever相当于anything that。do缺少宾语,而宾语从句___ it takes to get them back中take也缺少宾语,故选A项。 考点:考查名词性从句 13. 【江苏省苏州中学2016届高三10月月考】--How do you think I can make up with Tom? --Put aside ________ you disagree and try to find ________ you have in common. A. what; what B. where; what C. what; where D. what; whether 【答案】B 【解析】 试题分析:考查宾语从句引导词。句意为:——你认为我怎么才能和汤姆和解呢?——搁置争议,求同存异。分析句子结构并结合句意可知,第一空处所填词引导宾语从句,并且在宾语从句中作地点状语,说明不一样的地方,因此,应用where;第二空处所填词引导宾语从句并且在宾语从句中作have的宾语,因此,应用what。故答案选B。 考点:考查宾语从句引导词 14. 【浙江省金丽衢十二校2016届高三上学期第一次联考】_____ you will succeed in persuading someone depends on _____ effect your argument has on that person. A. If; what B. What; how C. How; what D. Whether; what 【答案】D 【名师点拨】 主语从句主要有三类: 1.由连词引导(1)由连词that引导的主语从句:引导词that无含义,在句中不做成分,不可以省。 That she survived the accident is a miracle.她在事故中幸免于难简直是奇迹。 (2)用连词 whether 引导的主语从句:whether有含义(是否),在句中不做成分,不可以省。 例如:Whether she is coming or not doesn’t matter too much.她来不来都无关紧要。 2.用连接代词引导的主语从句(在由连接代词who, whose, whom, which, what, whoever, whomever, whichever, whatever引导的名词性从句中,其连接代词在句中起名词性作用,担当一定成分).例如:What you need is more practice.你所需要的是更多的训练。 3.用连接副词when, where, why, how引导的名词性从句(其连接副词有含义,在句中作状语。)例如: When they will come hasn’t been made pubic. 他们什么时候来还不知道。 温馨提示 1.it 做形式主语,而将主语从句放在句末(尤其是当谓语较短时)。 例如:That light travels in straight lines is known to all. 光沿直线传播,这是众所周知的事。 =It is known to all that light travels in straight lines. 众所周知光沿直线传播。 2.只用whether不用if引导主语从句. 考点:考查名词性从句 15.【浙江省绍兴市第一中学2016届高三下学期开学回头考】It is confirmed that a person can not be actually pleased if ___ he appreciates doing is ignored by the company as of no value. A. when B. that C. what D. where 【答案】C 考点:考查主语从句引导词 【一年原创】 原创试题及其解析 1. Hard work, along with dedicated revolutionary spirit is the fundamental guarantee to success, which is _______ we should learn from the predecessors participating in the Long March. A. that B. where C. how D. what 【答案】D 【解析】考查名词性从句 句意:勤劳和执着的革命精神是成功的根本保证,这也正是我们要向长征先烈们所学习的。此题考查的是名词性从句中的表语从句,在从句中learn一词后缺少宾语,故要使用what充当宾语成分来完成句子,故D项正确。 【考点】考查名词性从句 2. ____ is certain, though, is that the mystery of Stonehenge has never been fully explained and it still remains a puzzle. A. It B. What C. Which D. That 试题分析:考查名词性从句。句意:然而,可以肯定的是,巨石阵从未被充分解释过,仍然是一个谜。分析句子结构可知,空处在此引导主语从句,且引导词在从句中充当主语,故用what,选B项。A项句子应改成It is certain that…;D项that在名词性从句中不作成分。 3. When asked, he said the years of peace were ____ everyone could lead a happy life. A. that B. because C. when D. what 【答案】C 【解析】 试题分析:句意:当被问起时,他说和平年代就是所有人都能过着幸福生活的年代。分析句子结构可知,空处引导表语从句,且在从句中充当时间状语。故用when,选C项,相当于the time when。 考点:名词性从句 4. Dozens of people were waiting with a camera for ______ seemed like hours, hoping to catch a glimpse of the US First Lady, Michelle Obama. A. that B. when C. which D. what 【答案】D 考点:考查宾语从句连接词的用法 5. We feel we must speak up in the face of ________ we see as an overreach by the US government. A. which B. when C. what D. whether 【答案】C 【解析】考查名词性从句。句意:面对我们所见到的美国政府的这种越权举动,我们觉得我们必须要勇敢地站出来。of是介词,后面要接宾语,因此此句考查的是名词性从句中的宾语从句;填空线后面的从句中see后缺少宾语,且没有给出选择范围,故用what,故选C。 【考点】考查名词性从句 6. Sometimes, the kind of food we serve a person indicates _______ we show our gratitude to him or her. A. when B. what C. why D. how 【答案】D 【解析】 试题分析:句意:有时,我们如何表达我们内心的感激之情体现在我们为他人提供的食物上。根据句意可知应用how来引导宾语从句。when表示时间,宾语从句中不缺成分,排除what;why表示原因。故选D项。 考点:名词性从句 7. The question was frequently put forward at the meeting _______ it is right to cancel the listening test in the English College Entrance Examination. A. how B. where C. what D. whether 【答案】D 【解析】 试题分析:句意:取消高考英语听力测试是否正确这一问题在会议中频繁被提出。此处需要一个具有 “是否”之意的连接词来引导后面的同位语从句,该从句解释说明前面的中心名词“The question”。故选D项。 考点:名词性从句 8. _______ a person matters his fate is more important than what his fate is. A. Why B. When C. Whether D. How 【答案】D 考点:名词性从句 9. It is a matter of ________ will be chosen to take the place of the former president of the company. A. who B. whoever C. whom D. whose 【答案】A 【解析】 试题分析:句意:谁会被选上去取代公司的前任主席很关键。此处为宾语从句中的介宾结构,在此结构中缺少主语且不存在让步关系,故选A。 考点: 考查宾语从句连接词 10. Winning the prize for Best Actor at the 64th Berlin film festival made Chinese actor Liao Fan realize ___ real success tastes like. A. when B. how C. that D. what 【答案】D 【解析】 试题分析:句意:获得64届柏林电影节的最佳男演员奖让中国的演员廖凡认识到了真正的成功是什么滋味。realize后缺少宾语,这里用what引导宾语从句,所以选D。 考点: 考查宾语从句 11. ________ I have learnt from my early experiences is_________ we shouldn’t be overly enthusiastic about shopping by mobile phone because there is a high risk of being cheated. A. That; that B. What; that C. That; because D. What; because 【答案】B 考点: 考查名词性从句 12. It is not just the size of the Olympic Games but ____they mean to us ___makes them unique. A.which, that B.that, what C.that, because D.what, that 【答案】D 【解析】 试题分析:句意:不是奥运会的规模大小而是奥运会的意义让它独一无二。第一空的what引导主语从句,what they mean to us与前面的not是并列结构。第二空使用that与it is构成强调句型。强调句型的基本结构为It is/was被强调成分that/who其它成分;其最大的特点就是去掉it is/was…that/who…句子仍然成立。 故D正确。 考点:考查强调句和主语从句 13. As long as you’re clear about _______ you want to go, the rest of the world will either help you get there or get out of the way. A. when B. why C. where D. how 【答案】C 【解析】 试题分析:分析句子结构可知,where引导的名词性从句做介词about的宾语,where在从句中做地点状语。故选C。 考点:名词性从句 14. ____we will be admitted to an ideal university partly depends on our learning attitudes. A. That B. What C. If D. Whether 【答案】D 考点:考查主语从句 15. It was not just the size of the school but ________ it provides for us students________ made it unique. A. that; that B. what; that C. what; what D. that; what 【答案】B 【解析】 试题分析:句意:不是学校的规模而是它给学生提供的东西使得这个学校独特。这是强调句,还原成正常的句子是not just the size of the school but ________ it provides for us students made it unique.这样可以看出是not …but连接两个主语,第二个是主语从句,主语从句没有宾语,用what引导,第二空填that,构成强调句。选B。 考点:考查主语从句和强调句 16. impresses me most is Chinese students are well organized and disciplined. We should learn from them. A.Which; what B. What; that C.What; whether D.That; what 【答案】B 【解析】 试题分析:句意:给我印象最深刻的是中国学生严谨、守纪律。我们应该向他们学习。这里what引导主语从句,that引导表语从句。选B。 考点:考查名词性从句的连接词。 17.Scientists say human activity contributes to climate change, but they do not agree on the rate_______ climate change may be developing. A. with which B. with that C. at which D. at that 【答案】B 【解析】 试题分析:此处with是介词,其后是介词的宾语从句,that在宾语从句中不作成分,没有意思,只起连接作用。句意:科学家们说人类活动导致气候变化,但是他们不同意气候变化的速度。 考点:考查宾语从句的连接词 18. I have no idea ______ measures the government will take to stop the air from being further polluted. A. which B. what C. that D. whose 【答案】B 【解析】 试题分析:考查同位语从句:句意:“我不知道政府将会采取什么措施来阻止空气受到进一步的污染”,这是idea引导的同位语从句。这里what是一个形容词,修饰measures表示。。。的,充当定语成分。句子有缺少成分,take后面缺少宾语,而what measures就是它的宾语。选B。 考点:考查同位语从句 19.When the students heard the alarm, they all hurried to they thought was an emergency exit door. A.what B.which C.where D.who 【答案】A 考点:考查宾语从句的连接词。 20.Tom told us all that he said at the meeting was really true. A. that B. all C. what D. which 【答案】C 【解析】 试题分析:句意:汤姆告诉我们所有的人,在会议上他所 说是真的。这里的all和us是同位语,做主句的宾语,that引导的是宾语从句,宾语从句中的谓语是was really true,前面是主语从句,主语从句中用what引导,在句中作said的宾语。所以选C。 考点:考查主语从句查看更多