2020届二轮复习阅读理解主旨大意题解题技巧课件（22张）

2020届二轮复习阅读理解主旨大意题解题技巧课件（22张）

2020 届二轮复习 阅读理解 主旨大意题 解题技巧 Step 1:Lead-in A mother mouse was out for a walk with her babies when she found a cat behind a bush.She watched the cat,and the cat watched the mice. Mother mouse barked fiercely,”Woof,woof,woof!”the cat was so frightered that it ran for it’s life.Mother mouse turned to her babies and said ,”Now,do you understand the value of a second language?” What is the story mainly about? It is important to learn a foreign language. 主旨大意 考查学生对一篇文章或一段文字的深层理解程度及在 速读 中准确把握文章主旨大意的能力。 Step 2: Question forms about the main idea 1) 主题型 主旨大意题的题干表现形式 The main idea of the passage is … The passage is mainly about … What is the passage mainly about ? Which of the following statements best expresses the main idea of the passage? 2) 目的类 主旨大意题 The passage is meant to … The purpose of this article is to … The author intends to... 3) 标题类 主旨大意题 The best title for the passage might be … Step 3: How to get the main idea 1) 主旨大意题属于归纳概括题。如有 标题 ， 标题中蕴含的信息往往是关键信息。 2) 找准文章的主题句是关键 。 “主题句定位法” 是一种行之有效的方法。在答题时，我们可以： 读首句 抓大意 读尾句 抓大意 在中间 抓大意 读首尾段 抓大意 3.) 主题句 隐含 在全文中 无主题句 隐含 在全文中明显主题句时 高频信息词 任一篇文章都是围绕某个主题展开的，因此，有的文章中最明显的特点之一是有一个 反复出现的 中心词，即高频词 ， 也叫做主题词 。抓住了它，便容易抓住文章的中心。 Sample 1 People have different tastes in food. Some feel that they haven't eaten a meal unless they have had steak or other red meat. Some prefer chicken or fish and eat one or the other at every meal. Others prefer vegetables and fruits or grains and would enjoy a meal of spaghetti , eggplant, and fresh fruit. Others could live on what were called fast--foods: a hamburger or hot dog, French fries and a soft drink. （ 1 ）主题句在 段首 一个主题句常常是一个段落的 开头 ，其后的句子则是 论证性细节 。在 说明文 ， 科技文献 和 新闻报道 中多采用这种格式。 Sample 2 Some students prefer a strict teacher who tells them exactly what to do. Others prefer to be left to work on their own. Still others like a democratic discussion type of class. No one teaching method can be devised to satisfy all students at the same time. （ 2 ）主题句也会出现在 段尾 。 作者先摆出事实依据 ， 层层推理 论证 ， 最后自然得出 结论 ， 即段落的主题。本段的中心思想在 结尾句 得到体现 ， 它是此段内容的结论。 Sample 3 Nothing is as useful as a flashlight on a dark night if a tire goes flat. Few inventions are so helpful to a child who is afraid of the dark. In fact, the modern flashlight brings light to many dark situations. Finding something in the back of a closet is easy with a flashlight in hand . A camper also needs one after the light of the campfire has been out. （ 3 ）在短文 中间 当主题句被安排在段中间时 , 通常前面只提出 问题 ， 文中的 主题 由随之陈述的细节或合乎逻辑的引申在文中导出 , 而后又作进一步的 解释 , 支撑或发展 . 1) 关注一些表征强转折关系的连词 “ but, yet, however, in fact, indeed,” 等，这些词后面连接的通常都是一段话的主题句。  2)  关注一些表征总结性，结论性的词： “ in brief/short, above/in/after/all in all, in conclusion, in a word” 等，这些词后面连接的通常也都是一段话的主题句。  3)  如果主题句含有 show, indicate 和 suggest 等词，重点看其后的宾语从句。  主题句在短文 中间 Sample 4 Shu Pulong has helped at least 1000 people bitten by snakes, “ It was seeing people with snakes bites that led me to the career.” Shu said…... “The sad story touched me so much that I decided to devote myself to helping people bitten by snakes.” Shu said. （ 4 ） 首尾呼应 为突出主题 , 作者先提出主题 , 结尾时再次点出主题 , 这种首尾呼应的写作方式也较为多见 . 通常 , 前后表述主题的句子不是简单的重复 , 后面的表述往往有 进一步的引申或发展的意味 . (5) 从段落中 寻找高频率词 任何一篇文章都是围绕某个主题展开的，因此， 许多文章中最明显的特点之一是有一个反复出 现的中心词，即 高频词 ， 也叫 做主题词 Sample 5 The passage is mainly about _____. A. the construction of a road B. the design of a road C. the construction of two railways D. the design of two tunnels 文中重复出现的词为关键词，一般与主旨相关 Sample 5 A new eight-kilometer road is under construction that links the port area with motorway system… As part of the project, two four-kilometer road tunnels are being built below the central area of the city, … The two tunnels are about 20 meters below the surface and are 12 meters wide, providing for two lanes of traffic in each direction. In the upper part of the tunnel two air-conditioning pipes remove the waste gas of trucks and cars and keep the quality of air inside the tunnel. The lighting is at the top of the tunnel, … The wall is made up of four main elements, which include a waterproofing covering and, on the inside of the tunnel, a concrete lining. Each tunnel is roughly round and the lower part of the tunnel is somewhat flat. … along the length of the tunnel. The fire main is at the side of the tunnel and at the level of the road surface. Other systems in the tunnel will include emergency phones. (5) 从段落中 寻找高频率词 任何一篇文章都是围绕某个主题展开的，因此， 许多文章中最明显的特点之一是有一个反复出 现的中心词，即 高频词 ， 也叫 做主题词 Sample 5 The passage is mainly about _____. A. the construction of a road B. the design of a road C. the construction of two railways D. the design of two tunnels 文中重复出现的词为关键词，一般与主旨相关 Practice makes perfect 1. Lung cance r is the worst cancer killer in America . About 160,440 Americans die each year from it. More than 87 percent of lung cancers are smoking related, according to the Lung Cancer Organization . Lung cancer is the No.1 cancer killer Smoking is a bad habit LCO advises people to stop smoking Why did people die of Lung cancer? The main idea of the passage is ___. A Show Time 2. Many people write to newspapers and magazines to express their opinions. … Name or no name ? The answer is very personal and lies in how much we want to. We all have a name. It is a matter of responsibility to use it when we make a statement, a claim or an accusation. We all want to honor our own name, and it is only by stamping our expression of an opinion with our name that we honor what we say. The passage is mainly about_____. A. honor and writers B. identity and signature C. signature (签名) and responsibility D. anonymity and signature 3. Forget Twitter and Facebook, Google and the Kindle. Television is still the most influential medium around. Indeed ,for many of the poorest regions( 地区 )of the world, it remains the next big thing——finally becomes globally available. And that is a good thing, because the TV revolution is changing lives for the better… …Too much TV has been associated with violence, overweight and loneliness. However, TV is having a positive influence on the lives of billions worldwide The author intends to              .    A. stress the advantages of TV to people’s lives    B. persuade women to become more independent    C. encourage people to improve their reading skills    D. introduce the readers some websites such as Google 非文章事实的主观臆断 4 Smoking cigarettes is harmful to your health. Experiments show that cigarette smoking can cause cancer. Besides the most serious and terrible disease(illness), cancer, cigarette smoking also can cause other health problems. For example, it can give one a “smoker’s cough”. Finally, studies have shown it is easy for cigarette smokers to catch colds. Whether you get an unimportant cold or terrible killer, cancer, smoking is harmful. Is it worth it? What is the main idea ? Smoking can cause cancer. Smoking is a terrible killer Smoking is harmful to our health. An experiment on smoking. . 某个具体事实或细节 片面推出的错误结论 某个具体事实或细节 5. Often no one looks more guilty than the innocent. On the other hand, nobody may look more innocent than a professional criminal. And the man who knows “everything” may really only be trying to hide his own weakness. So, it is foolish to try to judge a person only by his appearance. What is the main idea of the passage? A professional criminal looks more innocent than others. Don’t judge others by appearance. So, it is foolish to judge a person only by his appearance Try to judge a person only by his appearance 6. 即主题句隐含在全文中 , 没有明确的主题句 . 必须根据文篇中所 提供的事实细节，进行全面考虑，综合分析，然后找出共同的东西，归纳成一般概念 。必须注意的是，既不能以偏概全，也不能在概括时过于宽泛，要恰如其分。 Joshua Bingham studied 4 years at the University of Paris and decided to leave his graduation. He transferred to the University of Berlin and graduated with honors. Harvard Law School and, later, Boston College provided him with an excellent legal background. He is presently a corporation lawyer in Miami, Florida. Q: What is the main idea of the passage? 　＿＿＿＿ A. How Joshua Bingham became a lawyer. B. Bingham is a diligent student. 　 C. Joshua Bingham received an excellent education. D. A good lawyer needs good education. How to Deal with the Problems on Reading Comprehension 一、主旨大意题 （做题要领） 1. 干扰项 可能属文中某个具体事实或细节。 2. 干扰项 可能属从文中某些 ( 不完全的 ) 事实或细节片面推出的错误结论。 3. 干扰项 可能属非文章事实的主观臆断。 ( 正确答案 ) 是根据文章意思全面理解而归纳概括出来的；但不能太笼统、言过其实或以偏概全。 Homework Now let move to the exercies of B5U3.