【英语】2020届高考英语二轮专题复习冲刺文档（学案训练）：语法部分专题三基础点课时第5讲介词

【英语】2020届高考英语二轮专题复习冲刺文档（学案训练）：语法部分专题三基础点课时第5讲介词

第5讲　介词 高考对介词的考查主要是介词的基本用法及含介词的固定搭配。语法填空中对介词的考查不给提示词，因此对考生正确理解句意和语法基本功有较高的要求。短文改错对介词的考查主要涉及介词的多余、缺失与错用，其中固定搭配中介词的错用为重点。因此，考生应在掌握介词基本用法的同时，还应注意积累总结，尤其是固定搭配一定要平时多记忆。‎ 考点感悟 语法填空 语法填空中对介词的考查主要为介词的基本用法和固定搭配。‎ 感1.(2019·北京高考)First celebrated ________ 1970, the Day now includes events in more than 190 countries and regions (地区). ‎ 答案：in　在1970年，应用介词in。在年、月和季节前，用介词in。‎ ‎2.(2019·安徽高三联考)These might range, for example, from playing table tennis ________ going mountainbiking.‎ 答案：to　from ... to意为“从……到……”，为固定搭配。故填to。‎ ‎3.(2019·浙江高考)The answer ________ this question is not clear. ‎ 答案：to　the answer to ... “……的答案”。‎ 悟1.学会判断是否该填介词　①如果空格后为名词、代词或动名词，且它们在句中不作主语、表语或动词的宾语，则其前可能填介词；②如果空格处能与空格前的动词或形容词构成固定搭配，且空格后的成分又作宾语，则空格处填介词。‎ ‎2.掌握介词的基本用法　参考“考点素能一”‎ ‎3.熟知介词的固定搭配　一般介词与名词、动词、形容词的搭配为高考重点(参考“考点素能二” )‎ 短文改错 短文改错中主要考查介词的基本用法和固定搭配。‎ 感1.(2019·沈阳东北育才高三联考)Do not refuse to learn a skill when young, as at the long run you will find them helpful.‎ ‎_____________________‎ 答案：at→in　短语in the long run “从长远来看”。‎ ‎2.(2019·成都龙泉二中高三模拟)I'd like to play the dog while my grandpa was taking care of his fruit trees.‎ ‎_____________________‎ 答案：play后加with　play with “同……一起玩”，是固定短语，所以play后加with。‎ ‎3.(2019·安徽高三联考)There was a problem. When I asked about fish, in my terrible French, the assistant thought I wanted chickens.‎ ‎_____________________‎ 答案：about→for　句意：当我用蹩脚的法语要鱼时，店员以为我要的是鸡。根据句意可知，作者用法语点餐，想要吃鱼，ask for sth. “请求/要求……”，故将about改为for。‎ ‎4.(2016·全国卷Ⅰ)My uncle says that he never dreams becoming rich in a short period of time.‎ ‎_____________________‎ 答案：dreams后加of　dream of doing sth. “梦想做某事”，为固定搭配。‎ 悟短文改错中看到介词要注意以下三点 ‎1.看与动词、名词或形容词搭配是否正确。‎ ‎2.留意特殊词或固定搭配　如answer/key/solution/attitude/approach等词常与介词to连用。‎ ‎3.切莫受汉语影响　如，“在……帮助下”英文表达为with the help of ..., 而不是under the help of ...。‎ 考点素能 一 几组常见的介词用法辨析 ‎1．at, in, on表示时间 ‎(1)at表示某一时刻 at 8：00 (在8点), at noon (在中午), at night (在夜里), at midnight (在半夜), at dawn/daybreak (在黎明，破晓), at sunrise/sunset (在日出/日落), at dusk (在黄昏)‎ ‎(2)in指上午、下午及晚上或月、年等较长的时间 in the 1980's/1980s, in the Qing Dynasty, in October, in the morning/afternoon/evening ‎(3)on用于表示具体的日期前(如：某日、某节日、星期几等)‎ On October 1st, on a rainy day, on National Day, on the morning of July 3rd ‎2．by, before, after, until/till, during, within表示时间 ‎(1)by指“到……时(为止)”‎ ‎(2)before “在……以前”‎ ‎(3)after “在……以后”‎ ‎(4)until/till指“直到……为止”‎ ‎(5)during “在……期间”‎ ‎(6)within “在……之内”‎ ‎3．between, among表示“在……之间”‎ between指“在……之间(两者之间)”，常和and连用；among表示“在……之间(三者或三者以上)”。‎ Keep the close relationship between teachers and students.‎ 保持亲密的师生关系。‎ ‎4．by, in, on, with表示“使用……工具、手段、方式等”‎ ‎(1)表示“乘、坐(交通工具)”或“通过……方式”用by时，交通工具前不用限定词，用in或on时，交通工具前用限定词，如by bike, by taxi, by plane, by ship, in a car, in a bus, on one's bike ‎(2)in当“用”讲时，后常接表示语言、材料等的词 Her parents always talk to her in German.‎ 她的父母总是用德语和她交谈。‎ ‎(3)with表示使用某种具体的工具、手段等 We see with our eyes, hear with our ears, and walk with our legs.‎ 我们用眼睛看，用耳朵听，用腿走路。‎ ‎5．with的常见用法 ‎(表示关系)和……一起；(表示状态)具有，带有；(表示方式)用……，凭借……；(表示原因)由于，因为。‎ Would you like to go to the theatre with us?‎ 你愿意和我们一起去看戏吗？‎ The small child trembled with fear.‎ 那个小孩吓得打哆嗦。‎ ‎6．for的用法 ‎“(表示对象、用途等)为了；给，对；(表示去向)因为，由于；向，往；就……而言”。‎ The biggest concern for most of us is the quality of public education.‎ 我们大多数人最关心的是大众教育的质量问题。‎ ‎7．beyond的用法 ‎(表示位置)在……另一边，在……更远处；(表示程度)超出，非……所能及。‎ Everybody was touched beyond words after they heard her moving story.‎ 听了她感人的故事，大家都被感动得无以言表。‎ 二 介词常见的搭配 ‎1．名词与介词搭配 by accident/chance 偶然，碰巧 on board 在(船、飞机、火车)上 on average 平均 in charge 掌管，主管 in place 适当的，恰当的 in favo(u)r of 赞成，支持 in favour of 为了纪念，对……表示敬意 in spite of 尽管，虽然 in turn 依次，转而 in vain 徒劳 in memory of 为纪念……‎ in return 作为回报 in order 按顺序，处于良好状态 ‎2．动词与介词搭配 bring about 引起 remind sb. of sth. 提醒某人某事 rob sb. of sth. 抢劫某人某物 call for 要求，需要 care about 关心 get rid of 免除，摆脱 run out of 用完 adapt to 适应 refer to 涉及，查阅 come across (偶然)遇见 pick up 捡起，用车接(某人)，接收，偶然习得 look for 寻找 wait for 等待 ‎3．形容词与介词搭配 be curious about 对……好奇 be proud of 因……而自豪 be popular with 受到……的欢迎 be anxious about 为……忧虑 be concerned about 对……担心、忧虑 be present at 出席 be absent from 缺席 be free from 免于 过关检测(限时：30分钟)‎ Ⅰ.单句语法填空 ‎1．Even though our eyes are closed, they move rapidly from side ________ side.‎ 答案：to ‎2．________ the contrary, we laugh and talk during a meal.‎ 答案：On ‎3．One thing which really upset George was that a customer complained ________ the food and sent it back to the kitchen to be done over.‎ 答案：about/of ‎4．If we can change our attitude ________ things in the world, we can certainly adjust our emotions.‎ 答案：to/towards ‎5．The villagers collected money to set up a monument ________ memory of those who died in the great earthquake.‎ 答案：in ‎6．My brother likes eating very much but he isn't very particular ________ the food he eats.‎ 答案：about ‎7．The little pupil took his grandma ________ the arm and walked her across the street.‎ 答案：by ‎8．It's obvious that the new manager is rich ________ experience.‎ 答案：in Ⅱ.单句改错 ‎1．In the morning of last Saturday, we went to visit a big factory in our town.‎ ‎_____________________‎ 答案：In→On ‎2．We must pay attention to the way our body makes use the food.‎ ‎_____________________‎ 答案：use后加of ‎3．She fixed all the radios besides the smallest one, because there were no parts for it.‎ ‎_____________________‎ 答案：besides→except ‎4．With an old man leading the way, the scientists walked across the thick forest.‎ ‎_____________________‎ 答案：across→through ‎5．At entering the classroom, I heard the good news.‎ ‎_____________________‎ 答案：At→On/Upon ‎6．Sitting in front of TV all day does harm for our eyes and wastes our time.‎ ‎_____________________‎ 答案：for→to ‎7．They are usually curious when they first arrive a foreign country.‎ ‎_____________________‎ 答案：arrive后加in ‎8．They talked about what they had done since they graduated a university.‎ ‎_____________________‎ 答案：graduated后加from ‎9．More and more high－rise buildings have been built in big cities in lack of space.‎ ‎_____________________‎ 答案：第二个in→for ‎10．The ice is too thin for us to skate.‎ ‎_____________________‎ 答案：skate后加on Ⅲ.语法填空 High school students have defeated __1__ artificial intelligence device designed to pass the National College Entrance Exam, in Chengdu City‎, ‎Sichuan Province.‎ Forty－three students from liberal arts classes at Chengdu Shishitianfu High School joined the two－hour contest __2__ (finish) a match test in the standard national entrance exam against the robot, the brainchild of four years' research by Zhun Xing Yun Xue Technology Co., Ltd.‎ Students scored 106 points __3__ average, outperforming the computer program that had 93 points. She Yujia, a student in the contest, said she felt like __4__ (fight) the program on behalf of humans, especially after Google's AlphaGo __5__ (beat) professional Go player Lee Sedol of South Korea last year.‎ Researchers who developed the AI test taker, __6__ is also part of a project by the Ministry of Science and Technology, said the failure was due to a poor understanding of concepts in some math problems.‎ Lin Hui, CEO of the developing company, said more efforts __7__ (make) to fix ‎ bugs and improve performance of the program in the near future, with a focus on math __8__ (apply)．‎ Chinese students are usually separated into science and liberal arts classes at high school, a practice that allows them to stay __9__ (compete) in the college entrance exam by choosing __10__ (prefer) subjects. Math tests for liberal arts students are usually easier than those given to science students.‎ ‎1．________　2.________　3.________　4.________‎ ‎5．________　6.________　7.________　8.________‎ ‎9．________　10.________‎ 篇章导读：本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲述了在四川成都，人工智能机器人与43名学生一起参加高考模拟，最终机器人落败。人工智能在这方面的精准度仍有待提高，其发展空间仍很大。‎ ‎1．an　考查冠词。defeated为谓语动词，artificial inteligence device是名词，此处表示“一个装置”，在文中首次提到且artificial的首字母发音为元音音素，所以用不定冠词修饰名词，故填an。‎ ‎2．to finish　考查非谓语动词。用动词不定式表示目的，故填to finish。‎ ‎3．on　考查介词。on average “平均”，为固定搭配，故填on。‎ ‎4．fighting　考查固定搭配。feel like doing sth. “感觉像做某事”，故填fighting。‎ ‎5．beat　考查动词的时态。由last year确定句子应用一般过去时，beat的过去式仍是beat，故填beat。‎ ‎6．which　考查定语从句的引导词。设空处引导定语从句修饰指物的先行词AI test taker，且此处为非限制性定语从句，所以用which引导非限制性定语从句，故填which。‎ ‎7．would be made　考查动词的时态和语态。由句中的said和in the near future确定该句的时态为过去将来时，efforts与make是动宾关系，故填would be made。‎ ‎8．application(s)　考查词性转换。根据语境可知此空应填其名词形式，故填application(s)。‎ ‎9．competitive　考查词性转换。stay为系动词，in the college entrance exam为地点状语，此空应填形容词与stay构成系表结构，故填competitive。‎ ‎10．preferred　考查词性转换。分析句子结构，choosing为动词－ing形式，subjects为名词，此空应填形容词修饰名词，故填preferred。‎ Ⅳ.短文改错 I have an aunt work in London. It has been five years that we met each other. Last summer vacation my parent and I took a trip there. I didn't expect live in a city in England could be much expensive than in my home country in eastern Europe. We went ‎ to Cambridge on the other day. They were many kinds of delicious food, so we got ourselves something to eat. I eat Coriander crisps, which were extreme tasty. Although I was tired that day, I really had wonderful time.‎ 答案：‎