2020届二轮复习书面表达专题写作之审题(共24张PPT)课件

2020届二轮复习书面表达专题写作之审题(共24张PPT)课件

2020 高考专题复习 英语 写作之审题 什么是审题？ 所谓审题，并不仅指读题，而是一个思维过程。就是在下笔前，对所给文本的内容和要求认真仔细地进行审查分析和研究，由此确定写作的体裁、主题中心、内容要点、故事情节、语言风格等，这个思考和领会的思维过程，就是审题。 审题，是写好作文的第一要素。确立主题，谋篇布局，想象设计，都必须以审题为基础。所以，审题是写作的第一步，而且是至关重要的一步。 一、审文体要求。 二、审人称与时态。 三、审要点。 应用文写作 —— 如何正确审题？ 一、审文体要求。 通过审题，确定写作体裁，是写电子邮件、通知、还是演讲稿等。熟悉了文体要求即可确定全篇的写作格式与写作风格及其段落结构之间的逻辑关系等从而谋篇布局。 应用文的种类繁多，按其性质可分为 一般性应用文 和 公务文书 。 一般性应用文包括书信、便条、请帖、聘书、海报、启事、证明、电报、便函等； 公务文书包括布告、通告、指示、命令、请示等。 纵观这几年全国和浙江高考卷不难看出，应用文写作主要是 以人与社会为主题语境的书信类 为主， 申请信、建议信、告知信、求助信、感谢信、求职信、邀请信 等。其中最为复杂的书信，要注意信的称呼、开头、主体、结尾和署名。 应用文写作 —— 如何正确审题？ 二、审人称与时态。 仔细浏览题干要求之后，应该清楚全篇以第几人称、何种时态为主，行文中做到两条主线贯穿始终： 上下文人称统一，时态前后照应。 应用文写作 —— 如何正确审题？ 三、审要点 审题时，务必弄清写作内容要点，如背景、人物、人物之间的关系、时间等。写作之前，不要盲目动笔，要准确无误地理解题意，弄清要求，力争避免 “ 三忌 ” ： 文不对题、文不统一、言不得体 。审清题意后，再根据写作要点，进一步列出写作提纲，把握文章发展的脉络，明确需要表达的主要内容，以免因遗漏内容要点而失分。同时， 要整理好各要点之间的顺序和层次、逻辑 ，初步形成文章的框架。 应用文写作 —— 如何正确审题？ 2019 年全国卷I 假定你是李华，暑假在伦敦学习，得知当地美术馆要举办中国画展。请写一封信 申请 做志愿者，内容包括： 1 ．写信目的 2 ．个人优势 3 ．能做的事情。 注意： 1 ．词数 100 左右； 2 ．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯； 3 ．结束语已为你写好。 Dear Sir, ________________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________ Looking forward to your early reply. Yours, Li Hua 2019 年全国卷I 假定你是李华，暑假在伦敦学习，得知当地美术馆要举办中国画展。请写一封信 申请 做志愿者，内容包括： 1 ．写信目的 2 ．个人优势 3 ．能做的事情。 注意： 1 ．词数 100 左右； 2 ．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯； 3 ．结束语已为你写好。 审题提示： 1. 文体： 2. 人称： 时态： 3. 要点： 申请信 第一人称 主体时态为一般现在时 1 ．写信目的想当志愿者 2 ．自身优势 3 ．能做的事情。 确定结构内容：第一段介绍写信目的； 第二段介绍个人优势及能做的事情，可根据需要做适当发挥； 第三段给出适当的结尾。 2019 年浙江 卷 假定你是李华，经常帮助你学习英语的朋友 Alex 即将返回自己的国家。请给他写一封邮件，内容包括： 1. 表示感谢； 2. 回顾 Alex 对你的帮助； 3. 临别祝愿。 注意： 1. 词数 80 左右； 2. 可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。 审题立意： 1. 文体：感谢信 2. 人称：第一人称和第二人称 时态：表示感谢可以用一般现在时， 回顾过去的事情可以用一般过去时， 祝愿部分可以用一般将来时。 3. 确定要点和结构：第一段表示感谢，第二段回顾帮助，第三段写祝愿。 读后续写 —— 如何审题？ 课标指出：在研读语篇时，首先应尝试回答三个基本问题： What —— 语篇的主题和内容； Why —— 语篇的深层含义； How —— 语篇的文体特征、内容结构和语言特点。 2018 年浙江高考题： 阅读下面短文，根据所给情节进行续写，使之构成一个完整的故事。 It was summer, and my dad wanted to treat me to a vacation like never before. He decided to take me on a trip to the Wild West. We took a plane to Albuquerque, a big city in the state of New Mexico. We reached Albuquerque in the late afternoon. Uncle Paul , my dad’s friend, picked us up from the airport and drove us up to his farm in Pecos. His wife Tina cooked us a delicious dinner and we got to know his sons Ryan and Kyle. My dad and I spent the night in the guestroom of the farm house listening to the frogs and water rolling down the river nearby. Very early in the morning, Uncle Paul woke us up to have breakfast. "The day starts at dawn on my farm," he said. After breakfast, I went to help Aunt Tina feed the chickens, while my dad went with Uncle Paul to take the sheep out to graze(吃草). I was impressed to see my dad and Uncle Paul riding horses. They looked really cool. In the afternoon, I asked Uncle Paul if I could take a horse ride, and he said yes, as long as my dad went with me. I wasn’t going to take a horse ride by myself anyway. So, my dad and I put on our new cowboy hats, got on our horses, and headed slowly towards the mountains. "Don’t be late for supper," Uncle Paul cried, "and keep to the track so that you don’t get lost !" "OK! " my dad cried back. After a while Uncle Paul and his farm house were out of sight . It was so peaceful and quiet and the colors of the brown rocks, the deep green pine trees, and the late afternoon sun mixed to create a magic scene. It looked like a beautiful woven(编织的）blanket spread out upon the ground just for us. 注意： 1. 所续写短文的词数应为 1 50左右； 2. 至少使用5个短文中标有下划线的关键词语； 3. 续写部分分为两段，每段的开头语已为你写好； 4. 续写完成后，请用下划线标出你所使用的关键词语。 Paragraph 1: Suddenly a little rabbit jumped out in front of my horse. ___________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ Paragraph 2: We had no idea where we were and it was getting dark. ________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________ What —— 语篇的主题和内容： 本文主要讲述父亲带我去西大荒旅行，来到父亲的朋友 Paul 叔叔的农场，在体验农场生活的过程中骑马历险的故事。 Why —— 语篇的深层含义： 文中暗含了父爱、热爱自然、体验生存过程、勇敢解决问题等主题。 How —— 语篇的文体特征、内容结构和语言特点： 游记类的记叙文，以时间、地点、见闻、感受为线索展开。 研读语篇时，首先回答三个问题： 读后续写集合了阅读、分析、创造、 写作 一、审要求、体裁、人称、时态 二、审要点大意，理清文章脉络。 三、审情节线索，把握发展方向。 四、审段首语：设问，推理预测。 读后续写 —— 如何审题？ 审要求：阅读下面短文，根据所给情节进行续写，使之构成一个完整的故事。 审体裁：确定是记叙文，说明文还是议论文。（叙事类记叙文） 审人称：确定是第几人称来写的。 审时态：确定是一般过去时、一般现在时，还是一般将来时，或是各种时态混合出现。（过去时态） 一、审要求、体裁、人称、时态 分析：语篇有四段，前两段交代故事发生的背景，包括以下写作要素： when: in summer where: the Wild West, Uncle Paul's farm who: I, my dad, Uncle Paul, why （起因） : my dad wanted to treat me to a vacation like never before 第三段讲述了 “ 我 ” 来到农场后当天晚上和第二天早上的所见所闻。如：享受美味的晚餐、听着蛙声河水声入睡，清晨起床吃早餐、喂鸡牧羊。这些都给 “ 我 ” 带来了前所未有的新奇感受，尤其是父亲与 Paul 叔叔骑马的潇洒模样令 “ 我 ” 羡慕不已，这就为下文故事的展开埋下了伏笔。 第四段逐渐展开故事主干：第二天下午， “ 我 ” 在征得 Paul 叔叔的同意后，在父亲的陪伴下开始了愉快的骑马体验，沿途的美景令人神往 …… 二、审要点大意，理清文章脉络。 读后续写主要以故事类文本为主，所有故事都离不开写作的 六要素 ： who, when, where, what, why，how, 抓住文章要素将主要事件串联起来，这样一来，文章的结构自然水落石出，也就理清了文章的脉络。 2018 年浙江高考题： 阅读下面短文，根据所给情节进行续写，使之构成一个完整的故事。 It was summer, and my dad wanted to treat me to a vacation like never before. He decided to take me on a trip to the Wild West. We took a plane to Albuquerque, a big city in the state of New Mexico. We reached Albuquerque in the late afternoon. Uncle Paul , my dad’s friend, picked us up from the airport and drove us up to his farm in Pecos. His wife Tina cooked us a delicious dinner and we got to know his sons Ryan and Kyle. My dad and I spent the night in the guestroom of the farm house listening to the frogs and water rolling down the river nearby. Very early in the morning, Uncle Paul woke us up to have breakfast. "The day starts at dawn on my farm," he said. After breakfast, I went to help Aunt Tina feed the chickens, while my dad went with Uncle Paul to take the sheep out to graze(吃草). I was impressed to see my dad and Uncle Paul riding horses. They looked really cool . In the afternoon, I asked Uncle Paul if I could take a horse ride, and he said yes, as long as my dad went with me. I wasn’t going to take a horse ride by myself anyway. So, my dad and I put on our new cowboy hats, got on our horses, and headed slowly towards the mountains. " Don’t be late for supper," Uncle Paul cried, "and keep to the track so that you don’t get lost !" "OK! " my dad cried back. After a while Uncle Paul and his farm house were out of sight . It was so peaceful and quiet and the colors of the brown rocks, the deep green pine trees, and the late afternoon sun mixed to create a magic scene. It looked like a beautiful woven(编织的）blanket spread out upon the ground just for us. 三、审情节线索，把握发展方向。 情节是故事生命力所在，线索指引了故事情节的发展方向。除了采用上面提到过的六要素分析故事情节线索，在审题时还应该着重分析四个点： 起因、转折、高潮和结尾 。 叙事线索 ： ...towards the mountains （山里的道路？变数？） ...Don't be late( 可能要晚了 )... keep to the track （可能要偏离路线了） so that you don't get lost （可能要迷路了） ... 情感线索 ： a delicious dinner——was impressed to see...really cool——I asked Uncle Paul if i could take a horse ride——so peaceful and quiet...magic...beautiful...( 看出作者的高兴 —— 兴奋 —— 好奇 —— 享受和喜悦 ) 起因： “ 我 ” 想要骑马 转折： “ 我 ” 和父亲骑马进入山里，眼前一片美好的画面，这时一只小兔子突然出现 高潮：？ 结尾：？ 四、审段首语：设问，推理预测。 首句推敲： Paragraph 1: Suddenly a little rabbit jumped out in front of my horse . 说明出乎意料 很可爱吧？ 是否会使马儿受惊呢？ Paragraph 2: We had no idea where we were and it was getting dark . 我们迷路了 天色已晚，我与父亲的心理？ 设问段首语： Paragraph 1: Suddenly a little rabbit jumped out in front of my horse . 可设问： What would happen to my horse when the rabbit appeared suddenly? How would I control the emergency and how would we feel? Would we realize we were lost? —— 承接下段首句 Paragraph 2: We had no idea where we were and it got dark. 可设问： How would we find the way back? What difficulty would we face? Who could help us and how? 利用问题线索，创造合理的故事情节。 One possible version: Paragraph 1: Suddenly a little rabbit jumped out in front of my horse. This unexpected appearance frightened my horse, which made it run wildly. I tried my best to control it, but in vain. Frightened as I was, I tried to keep my balance to prevent myself from falling off. Fortunately, minutes later, the horse stopped before a river, out of breath, and so did I. At that moment, my dad also came up. Seeing I was OK, he was quite relieved. But it was clear that we got lost. Paragraph 2: We had no idea where we were and it was getting dark. We didn't know where the farm house was. What we could do was to go back along the previous track slowly. But it was really difficult for us in such a dark situation. Just as we were at the point of desperation, we heard a faint voice from the distance. “It must be Uncle Paul,”I said. So we cried back with excitement . Finally, Uncle Paul safely brought us back home. What an amazing ride! 一、审文体要求。 二、审人称与时态。 三、审要点。 应用文写作 —— 如何正确审题？ 读后续写集合了阅读、分析、创造、 写作 一、审要求、体裁、人称、时态 二、审要点大意，理清文章脉络。 三、审情节线索，把握发展方向。 四、审段首语：设问，推理预测。 读后续写 —— 如何审题？ THANKS