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2019-2020学年湖北省沙市中学高一上学期期末考试英语试题
2019—2020学年上学期2019 期末考试英语试卷 考试时间:2020年1月14日 第一部分:听力(共两节,满分30分) 听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题,从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项,并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后,你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。 1. What is the woman? A. A student. B. A secretary. C. A teacher. 2. What does the woman say about Tom? A. He works hard B. He is clever. C. He is popular. 3. What are the speakers talking about? A. Where to meet Mr Jackson. B. Whether to call Mr Jackson. C. When to meet Mr Jackson. 4. How will the man go to the airport tomorrow? A. By bus. B. By taxi. C. By car. 5. Where will the woman go tonight? A. To a party. B. To a theatre. C. To the man’s home. 第二节 听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题,从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项,并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段对话或独白前,你将有时间阅读各个小题,每小题5秒钟;听完后,各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话读或独白两遍。 听第6段材料,回答第6、7题。 6. What is the boy’s favourite song? A. My Love. B. Yesterday Once More. C. My Heart Will Go on. 7. What does the boy think of the song My Heart Will Go On? A. Noisy. B. Boring. C. Great. 第7段材料,回答第8、9题。 8. Where does the man like to go? A. To an island. B. To the beach. C. To a pub. 9. What does the woman like doing? A. Being away from the tourists. B. Meeting people when she is on holiday. C. Making friends with people who speak Spanish. 听第8段材料,回答第10至12题。 10. What was the man doing at noon? A. Selling tickets of a dancing party. B. Putting up posters of a dancing party. C. Handing out leaflets(传单) on a dancing party. 11. What does the man think of his work in the Students’ Union? A. It’s a great honour. B. It’s a waste of time. C. It’s full of useful experience. 12. What relation is the woman to the man? A. His teacher. B. His mother. C. His classmate. 听第9段材料,回答第13至16题。 13. What does the man say about his new neighbourhood? A. There is no store nearby. B. There is slight air pollution. C. There is no heavy traffic. 14. How long does it take the man to drive to work? A. About 20 minutes. B. About 30 minutes. C. About 40 minutes. 15. How does the woman go to work every day? A. By subway. B. By bus. C. By car. 16. What is the probable relationship between the speakers? A. A couple. B. Neighbours. C. Workmates. 听第10段材料,回答第17至20题。 17. Where is the speaker from? A. India. B. America. C. Venezuela. 18. How old was the speaker when he moved to South America? A. 19. B. 20. C. 21. 19. What was the speaker’s major in the university? A. Japanese history. B. English literature. C. Spanish education. 20. What does the speaker like doing in his spare time? A. Cycling. B. Playing football. C. Listening to music. 第二部分 单项选择(每小题1分,满分10分) 21.The truth is: our problem helps to make us what we are. Those who _______ often learn the value of mercy. Those who struggle often learn perseverance(坚持). A. work B. win C. admit D. suffer 22. If you have a good ___________ of English, it is easier for you to find a job there. A. control B. command C. conquer D. request 23. So, how do you like to do that? We could use a sponge, a towel or a mop? Which do you _______? A. have B. clean C. prefer D. accept 24.The other day a young actor died suddenly when performing in a TV show, which ______everyone. A. frightened B. shocked C. determined D. excited 25. We felt it would be a good experience for our children to grow up seeing other cultures and learning to love others as a(n) ________. A. company B. reminder C. equal D. hero 26.――Timmy, it is heavily raining out. ——________, we must finish this work today. A. However B. Anyhow C. Therefore D. Though 27. They _______ in the newspaper that they had a used car for sale. A. told B. advised C. admitted D. advertised 28. She remembered everything in childhood _______ they had just happened. A. as if B. so long as C. even if D. now that 29.Little Johnny felt the bag, curious(好奇的) to know what it _______. A. collected B. contained C. loaded D. saved 30. I would like to thank all of you who made the effort. It is a relief that employees so clearly show their _______ to their job. Thank you. A. devotion B. application C. connection D. invitation 第三部分 阅读理解(共两节,满分30分) 第一节(共10小题;每小题2分,满分20分) 阅读下列短文,从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C)中,选出最佳选项。 A The new garbage sorting regulation(规定) has taken effect in Shanghai July 1. Many citizens are still confused about the four different types of garbage. Thankfully, the government has released(发布) an official guideline to make the new rules clear. The guideline, published by Shanghai. provides a rather clear definition(定义) on the four kinds of waste: recyclable waste, hazardous (有害的)waste,household food waste and residual (剩余的)waste. Specific as the new guideline is, residents still have a hard time sorting trash correctly and are finding it challenging to memorize them all. "We should do this from a pig’s angle, "commented one netizen, "Those that can be eaten by pigs arc household food waste. Those even pigs don't want to eat are residual waste. If a pig consumes something and dies of it,then something must be hazardous waste. Those that can be sold to gain some money used to purchase pigs are recyclable waste." Garbage sorting is not only beneficial to the environment and a way of handling global warming, but is also good for business and industry.It saves energy. That's because it's cheaper to recover raw materials(原材料) from recycled waste than go through the former producing processes(过程). One resident in Switzerland once said, "If you get used to it,it becomes normal. Now I don l think much about it. It's become an instinct. " At present, those who do not sort their trash properly will be fined RMB200, but we hope one day the environmental protection will also become our instinct soon. 31.What do the old books you want to throw away belong to? A.Residual waste. B. Hazardous waste. C. Recyclable waste. D. Household food waste. 32.Which of the following best explains "instinct" underlined in the last paragraph? A. instruction. B. habit. C. motivation. D . challenge. 33.Why is garbage sorting beneficial to business and industry? A. It can deal with global warming. B. It can make more raw materials. C. It can lower the cost by simplifying the process. D. It can make the former producing processes easier. 34.What’s the best title for the text? A. Shanghai Garbage Sorting Regulation Begins B. People Are Still Confused About Garbage Sorting C. Four Sorts of Garbage Are Forbidden in Shanghai D. Shanghai Citizens Support the Garbage Sorting Policy B Limited to a narrow seat for hours with just a tiny bag of cookies and orange juice to comfort yourself, the last thing you feel like doing when you get off a plane is to wait around for your bags. The easy choice when traveling has been to limit yourself to a carry-on suitcase and pray it fits in the overhead bin. Not only does it get you out of the airport faster but it’s also free. Not any longer, however. Recently, some airlines are starting to charge for carry-on bags, and travelers aren’t at all happy about it. Packing light might not be a choice anymore when looking for tips to get the best airfare possible. Some smaller airlines such as Frontier and Spirit have always charged customers for carry-on bags, but now bigger name airlines, such as United, are starting to do it too. When you buy a Basic Economy ticket through United,you’re not allowed a full-size carry-on bag unless you’re a Mileageplus Premier member. If you forget to check your bag before security and bring it all the way to the gate, not only will you pay the checked-bag fee, but you’ll have to pay an additional $ 25 gate handling charge. Not the best way to start off a trip. Don’t miss these additional things airlines don’t want to tell you but every flier should be aware of. You might think that the new carry-on bag guidelines are due to space limitations in the overhead bins, but it has more to do with on-time rates(准时率). Aviation economies experts and seniors vice president of ICF Aviation Samuel Engel told Vox that the biggest bottleneck when it comes to boarding is carry-on luggage. For every minute a plane isn’t in the air, it’s losing money. A delayed flight makes the crew(乘务人员) look bad and passengers very angry So, the next time you fly, plan to check your bag before security, pay a bit more for your ticket so you are allowed a carry-on, or try rolling a week’s worth of clothes into a backpack, a still-allowed “personal item”. 35. What does the first paragraph intend to tell? A. People’s anger during a flight B. Peoples attitude toward waiting for luggage C. Convenience for carry-on suitcases D. New policies for free carry-on suitcases 36. Which of the following is NOT the reason why more airlines begin to charge for carry-ons? A. Space limitations. B. Passengers’ support C. On-time rates D. Increasing costs. 37. What is the main idea of the passage? A. Tips for dealing with increasing carry-on rates B. Instructions before taking a flight C. Passengers’complaints(抱怨) about the airlines. D. More airlines are starting to charge for carry-on bags C When was the last time you saw some dolphins at an aquarium? Was it fun to watch? Do you think the dolphins enjoyed it? A new film shows just exactly where some of these dolphins come from. And it isn't pleasant. The Cove is a documentary film with a lot of blood…dolphin blood. It's all about dolphin drive hunting, which is a method of hunting dolphins that fishermen use. They use boats to drive the dolphins into a bay or onto a beach. Once there, the dolphins are prevented from escaping and are then killed in the water with knives or spears. The dolphins are mostly hunted for their meat, but some are captured and ended up in dolphinariums, including the world famous Sea World parks. This form of dolphin killing takes place in many places around the world. There are dolphin drive hunts in the Solomon Islands, Peru and the Faroe Islands. The Cove focuses on a particular dolphin hunt near the town of Taiji in Japan. Every year, more than 2,000 dolphins are driven into a cove near the town and killed. The documentary film is directed by former National Geographic photographer Louis Psihoyos, and was made secretly throughout 2007 using underwater microphones, and a hidden camera. Also appearing in the film is Ric O’ Barry, the director of saving Japan dolphins, and also a marine mammal expert. He trained dolphins for the popular 1960s TV series Flipper. He is praised for having started the dolphin entertainment industry but has spent most of his life fighting against it. So what do the people of Taiji think about it? Many feel that they are being unfairly selected out. The town of Taiji has a 400-year history of whale and dolphin hunting and its fishermen only catch about 20% of Japan's yearly dolphin quota(份额). Masashi Nishimura, manager of the Japan Fisheries Association's International section said,“ I don't think it's a big topic here,” he said, “as long as the killing is humane(人道的), dolphins are like other animals to us.” But for many people, dolphins are special. They are clearly highly intelligent mammals and they often form strong bonds of friendship with humans. Primates such as chimpanzees, gorillas and orangutans are all protected species. Should these levels of protection be extended to marine mammals too? Many believe they should. 38.Which of the following is not TRUE according to the passage? A.Fishermen use boats to drive the dolphins into a bay. B.There are dolphin drive hunts in the Solomon Island. C.Underwater microphones were used to make the film. D.All the dolphins caught in Japan are sold for meat. 39.What is Masashi Nishimura’s attitude towards the killings? A.Cold. B.Regretful. C.Unfair D.unsupportive 40.What is the author’s purpose in writing the passage? A.To introduce a documentary film The Cove. B.To show how The Cove was made. C.To encourage people to protect dolphins. D.To describe what is happening to dolphins. 第二节(共5小题;每小题2分,满分10分) 根据短文内容,从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项,选项中有两项为多余选项。 Flamenco is a typical dance and music in the south of Spain, exactly in the Andalusian region. 41 .The roots of Flamanco come from different cultures and countries such as Morocco, Egypt, and India. 42 . Among the Spanish cities with more tradition in Flamenco are Cadiz, Granada, and Sevilla. 43 . They are a good singer, a Spanish guitar, and a good dancer. Normally, the scene of a flamenco show is a plank(厚木板) floor, and it can be in any theater or bar… but for something different in Granada, you can see Flanmenco in typical caves where families of gypsy people lived in ancient times. Flamenco is divided into two groups, the group of singers and the groups of dancers. The groups of singers is normally formed of men who sing and play the Spanish guitar. 44 . The men usually wear black suits, and the soles of their shoes are mental. The group of dancers is usually formed of women. 45 . The most beautiful thing in this part is how fast they can move their feet and the sound you can listen to. The sound of the shoes has the same rhythm as the music. It’s wonderful! It’s common, too , to see a couple of dancers dancing together. A. Flamenco is definitely a great art! B. The women help them by clapping their hands. C. They wear beautiful and colorful dresses. D. There are three principle things needed to do flamenco. E. However, the first flamenco in Spain dates back to 1760. F. The sound from the soles of the dancers’ shoes made me feel happy. G. It was brought to Spain by gypsy people coming from Eastern Europe in the 15th century. 第四部分 语言运用(共两节,满分40分) 第一节 完形填空(共20题,每题1.5分,满分30分) Bobby, a poor guy was famous for his tries to climb the big snowy mountain. He had tried at least 30 times, but had always 46 . Every time, he began the climbing at a good pace. But as he went on, he would look down at his painful 47 more often. Finally when the clouds had gathered round him, he understood that he wouldn’t be able to enjoy the 48 from the top. Last month, he went up the 49 with Peeper, who gave him a pair of 50 sunglasses. “If it starts clouding over, put these 51 on, or if your feet start hurting, put them on too. These are special glasses; they will 52 you.” Bobby 53 the gift without thinking much, but when his feet started 54 again, he remembered what Peeper had said and he put on the glasses. The pain was pretty bad, but with those new sunglasses he could still 55 to continue. This time the 56 were so light that he could still see the top through them. And so Bobby kept climbing, 57 the clouds behind, forgetting his 58 , and finally arriving at the top. It was certainly worth it. Peeper had drawn a light 59 on the lenses (镜片), in the form of the snow-covered mountain top. It was made in such a way that you could only 60 it if you looked upwards. Peeper had understood that whenever Bobby lost sight of his 61 , he would similarly lose sight of his dream, and his 62 to continue would weaken. Bobby realized that the only difficulty of reaching the top had been his own 63 .When he could no longer see the top of the mountain, the problems 64 . He thanked Peeper for using that little 65 to help him see that his aims were not impossible, and that they were still there, where they had always been. 46. A. stopped B. dropped C. fallen D. failed 47. A. feet B. shorts C. hats D. gloves 48. A. view B. meal C. air D. sunshine 49. A. road B. mountain C. tower D. top 50. A. strange B. special C. ordinary D. expensive 51. A. trousers B. clothes C. shoes D. glasses 52. A. help B. save C. calm D. improve 53. A. got B. disliked C. accepted D. refused 54. A. complaining B. working C. hurting D. shaking 55. A. manage B. try C. fail D. have 56. A. trees B. grass C. glasses D. clouds 57. A. throwing B. forgetting C. leaving D. putting 58. A. failure B. pain C. joy D. aim 59. A. picture B. symbol C. signal D. message 60. A. move B. feel C. change D. see 61. A. goal B. power C. success D. journey 62. A. preference B. will C. ability D. decoration 63. A. mistake B. pride C. ignorance D. discouragement 64. A. rose B. raised C. arose D. disappeared 65. A. technology B. tool C. trick D. treat 第二节(共10小题;每小题1分,满分10分) Mascots for the 2022 Beijing Winter Olympic and Paralympic Games(残奥会) A red lantern baby 66 (call) “Shuey Rhon Rhon” and 67 energetic giant panda named “Bing Dwen Dwen” have been uncovered as the two mascots for the 2022 Beijing Winter Olympic and Paralympic Games. The mascots, known to people on Tuesday night at Beijing's Shougang Ice Hockey Arena, 68 (connect) with the host nation's culture. Beijing 2022 executive president Chen Jining explained the idea 69 (clear) behind the design of the two mascots at the launch ceremony. “The two mascots put elements of traditional Chinese culture together 70 a modern international style. They show the Chinese people's eager expectations for the Beijing Winter Olympic and Paralympic Games, and China's warm invitation to friends from all over the world,” said Chen, 71 is also the mayor of Beijing. “They are designed 72 (express) all the aspects of the Olympic spirit, including 73 (wonder) characteristics such as passion, perseverance, friendship and common understanding to actively engage the public.” The name“Bing Dwen Dwen”is a combination of several meanings in the Chinese language, with “Bing”the Chinese word for “ice”, and “Dwen Dwen” meaning 74 (strong)and liveliness. In the name “Shuey Rhon Rhon”, “Shuey” is the Chinese word for “snow”and“Rhon Rhon” 75 (have) the meaning of tolerance (宽容). 第五部分 写作(共两节,满分40分) 第一节 应用文写作(满分15分) 假如你是李华,计划寒假去澳大利亚进行研学旅行。 请你用英语给你的澳大利亚笔友Jack写一封信询问一些信息,具体如下: 1.告知研学旅行的目的,期待与Jack面对面的交流 2.当地特色(小吃,节日,习俗等) 3.其他注意事项 注意:1.适当增加细节,以使行文连贯;2.词数80--100词左右 参考词汇:研学旅行study trip 第二节:概要写作(满分25分) 阅读下面短文,根据其内容写一篇60--80词左右的内容概要。 A 15yearold boy planned to put a ball covered with petrol into his mouth and set it on fire. He would film the dangerous action and put it on YouTube. And, he hoped to become famous on the Internet. But things didn't go the way he imagined. His clothing caught fire, and he was rushed to the hospital with serious burns on his body. YouTube hosts millions of videos of people attempting dangerous actions. Many of them are by kids and young adults. Some experts say that by hosting these videos, YouTube encourages young viewers to take deadly risks. Research by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention shows that more than 180,000 Americans die from accidental injuries each year. That's one person every three minutes. More than 14,000 of those killed are kids under the age of 19. Is YouTube to blame? People have always found it interesting to watch others try risky things. Audiences are mad about these kinds of things. Some of the earliest Greek comedies had characters followed by wild animals and knocking into walls. Now, in the age of the Internet, anyone with a camera and a YouTube account(帐户) can create this kind of “fun”. Many viewers, especially teenagers, are influenced by what they see and want to try it themselves. “YouTube has taken the playing in the neighborhood to a worldwide level,” says Clair Mellenthin, a researcher from the Centers. Supporters of YouTube argue that it isn't YouTube's responsibility to examine its content(内容). “Parents should be the ones to make sure that kids are behaving safely,” they say. In fact, YouTube has a rule on content. For example, dangerous activities that have a risk of serious physical harm or death are not allowed. Staff of YouTube, carefully watch the website 24 hours a day, looking for videos that are against their rules. But is this enough? 高一年级期末考试英语试卷答案 1-20 CABCA ABABC BCCBA CBACA 21-30 DBCBC BDABA 31-34 CBCA 35-37 DBD 38-40 DAC 41-45 GEDBC 46-65 DAABB DACCA DCBAD ABDCC 66 called 67 an 68 are connected 69 clearly 70 with 71 who 72 to express 73 wonderful 74 strength 75 has 应用文写作 Dear Jack: I am going to Australia for a study trip this winter vacation. As you are a native, I’m writing to see if it is possible for you to offer me some information. To begin with, the study trip, aimed to broaden students’ horizons and encourage students to pursue their dreams, is scheduled to arrive in Australia on January 20th.How excited I am when I think of our meeting and having a face-to-face talk with you! In addition, I would appreciate it if you could give me some detailed information about my destination, such as local snacks, festivals or traditions. Last but not least, is there anything else I need to pay special attention to when I am there? Look forward to your early reply. Yours, Li Hua 【概要写作参考范文】 Possible version 1: Filming dangerous actions and posting them on YouTube is being widely spread nowadays among people, mostly teenagers. Although one person dies from accidental injuries every three minutes, “fun” seekers or “fun” makers have been trying something dangerous and exciting. Despite being equipped with content examination and strict regulations against dangerous activities, YouTube lacks enough careful control over itself.(60 words) Possible version 2: Millions of people, some of whom are teenagers, are attempting dangerous actions and put them on YouTube, which makes people believe YouTube should be responsible for such tragedies. The fact is that people, whether ancient or modern, love watching others try risky or deadly things. Therefore, not only YouTube but also parents and teenage viewers themselves should be responsible for their monitoring and behaviors. (63 words) 【评分建议和标准】 1.认真研读短文并理清信息主次后不难发现,通过一个15岁少年口含火球拍动作片,引出本文主旨:人们包括许多少年玩冒险并拍摄视频上传至YouTube,这种危险的举动是不是 YouTube鼓励和渲染的结果?它有错还是父母对小孩的监管不到位之错? 2.该题中的难点之一:第二段最后一句“Is YouTube to blame?”意为: “YouTube该受批判吗?”,如果考生没有注意上下文的逻辑层次,或不懂be to blame意为“该受指责”, 在改写过程中就会较难表达出“be responsible for...或answer for...”此意来。 3.本文给的两篇范文以不同的视角和语言重新组织,都注意到了三个主要内容: (1) 人们拍摄危险行为并上传至YouTube; (2)过去和现在的人们都喜欢冒险并炫耀他们的行为。 (3) YouTube的监管漏洞和孩子家长的的疏于管控。 4.档次给分要求: 第一档:0-9分 没有把握全文的主要信息或词数远远不够。 第二档:10-14分 基本把握全文的主要信息,但不能较好的表达清楚,语句错误较多。 第三档:15-19分 能较好的把握全文的主要信息,语句有些许错误,但基本可读。 第四档:20-22分 能较好的把握全文的主要信息,不是照搬照抄部分文段,但只涉及主要信息,对部分次要信息没有加以关注或者没有写出来。内容虽然较全,但词数超过了80的也不能进入第五档。 第五档:23-25分 能完全吃透文章的精神,完全用自己的语言灵活地表达主要和次要要点。词数控制在55到75词以内,完全达到写作的预期目的。 (Text 1) M: I’ve heard that this is your last lecture here. W: Yes, I’ve accepted a better teaching position elsewhere. (Text 2) W: Tom seems like a good student. M: He is certainly not so intelligent as George, but his grades are better than his. W: Yeah, he works much harder. (Text 3) M: You have arranged to meet Mr Jackson on Friday. So I don’t have to call him, do I? W: Yeah, there’s no need to call him. (Text 4) M: So my flight is tomorrow at 2:40. W: How will you get to the airport? Will you go by bus, or do you need a taxi? M: I’ll just take the company car this time. (Text 5) M: Would you like to go to the theatre tonight? I’ve got some tickets. W: I’m sorry. I’ve arranged a party to meet some old friends tonight. M: No problem. Maybe next time you’ll come. W: Yes. That would be nice. (Text 6) W: That music is terrible! Turn it off! M: But, Mum, this is Westlife’s song My Love! It’s great. W: Nonsense. It’s just noise to me. I can’t put up with it anymore. M: It’s my favourite music. But if you hate it so much, I’ll play something you like. What would you like to listen to? W: What about some old songs of the 1990s? My Heart Will Go On? M: Ha-ha-ha-ha. It’s not fashionable any longer. I’ll be bored to death. (Text 7) M: I can’t stand places where you have to share the beach with thousands of other people and everyone speaks English. W: Oh, I don’t mind that. M: Oh, I do. I never go to places like that. I like to get right away from all the tourists, go somewhere that’s really quiet and peaceful, like an island or something, where no one speaks English. W: What’s wrong with people speaking English? I like meeting people when I’m on holiday. I like places with a good night life, and plenty of people around and ... well, you know, where you can have a good time. (Text 8) W: You don’t look very well. M: Yes, I was so busy handing out leaflets at noon that I didn’t have time to have lunch. And I’m tired out now. W: Why do you have to do such things? M: I do it for the Students’ Union. We’re going to hold a dancing party next week and we need to make it known by handing out leaflets. To tell the truth, I’m fed up with it. I want to quit. W: Why? Isn’t it a great honour to be in the Students’ Union? M: But I really don’t like wasting time in pointless exercises like this. You know we have lots of exams this term. W: That’s true. And our teachers are strict with our homework. Anyway, there are many interesting things in the Students’ Union. It gives you a chance to make friends and do something useful for society. (Text 9) W: Good morning, Eric. Did you move into your new house? M: Yes. I moved in last weekend. It’s a townhouse in the suburbs. W: Oh, great. So how is your neighbourhood? M: I guess it’s not bad. The air is fresh. There is no heavy traffic even in the rush hours. W: Good place. Are there any convenience stores nearby? M: Yes, there are. There is also a supermarket nearby. W: That’s good for you. And is there any public transportation near your home? M: Well, there is no bus at the moment. I could take our company’s bus, but I never do that. I prefer to drive myself. About 30 minutes. What about you? W: I take the subway. Oh, it’s time to work. Nice talking to you. Have a nice day. M: Thanks. You, too. (Text 10) M: Hi, everyone. I thought I would introduce myself as part of this site, and at the same time, make this introduction into a listening quiz. As you know, my name’s Randall Davis, and I’m originally from Indianapolis, Indiana, in the United States. When I was 19 years old, I moved to Venezuela in South America, and later returned to the United States in 1993. I entered Brigham Young University from 1993 to 1999, and I majored in Spanish education and Teaching English as a Second Language. After graduating from university, I moved to Tokyo, Japan, in the spring of 1999. Then, in 2006, I moved to Nagoya, Japan, where I currently live and teach. In my spare time, I enjoy reading, bike riding, playing basketball, and hearing from students from around the world.查看更多