【英语】2019届二轮复习阅读理解专题主旨大意题类型解题指导（4页）

【英语】2019届二轮复习阅读理解专题主旨大意题类型解题指导（4页）

‎2019届二轮复习阅读理解专题主旨大意题类型解题指导 确定标题 概括全文主题 概括段落大意 写作目的 标题是文章的题目，它不是主题，但限定主题的范围，可表达主题，是对主题的提炼和浓缩，表现形式多为短语，尤其是名词短语。‎ 主题是文章的中心思想，是作者所要表达的中心意思，有的直接出现在文中，有的需通过综合全文的内容概括归纳得出。‎ 段落大意是指段落的中心意思。文章常由多个段落组成，共同支撑全文主题，但每段又分述不同的意思，可通过归纳、演绎等方法概括得出。‎ 作者写文章的目的有三：to express one's feelings，attitude and ideas；to affect readers；to inform readers。可细分为to introduce，describe，explain，‎ inform，analyze，express，convey，argue，encourage，praise，criticize，advocate等。‎ 解 题 技 巧 ‎1．细读文章或段落的首句、中间句和尾句，主题往往就在这些地方出现。‎ ‎2．特别关注however，but等表示转折的信息词，主题很可能就在这类词的后面出现。‎ ‎3．表示结论性的信息词如so，thus，therefore等后面通常会出现主题句。‎ ‎4．对记叙文要会根据所述事件进行归纳概括，领会其寓意，总结出文章的主题。‎ ‎5．标题是对主题句的高度概括，用词更少，简明扼要，有时会用形象化的语句。‎ ‎[典题互动示法]‎ ‎[典题1]　(2017·全国卷Ⅰ·A·节选)‎ Support Pacific Science Center Since 1962，Pacific Science Center has been inspiring a passion(热情) for discovery and lifelong learning in science，math and technology. Today，Pacific Science Center serves more than 1.3 million people a year and brings inquirybased science education to classrooms and community events all over Washington State. It's an amazing accomplishment and one we cannot achieve without generous support from individuals，corporations，and other social organizations. Visit pacificsci- encecenter. org to find various ways you can support Pacific Science Center.‎ ‎1．What is the purpose of the last part of the text?‎ A．To encourage donations.‎ B．To advertise coming events.‎ C．To introduce special exhibits.‎ D．To tell about the Center's history.‎ ‎[主旨大意题之推测写作目的。根据本段的“Visit pacificsciencecenter.org to find various ways you can support Pacific Science Center.”可知，该部分的写作目的是鼓励人们以各种方式支持太平洋科学中心，也就是鼓励人们捐款，故选A项。]‎ ‎[干扰项分析]本段并没有为该中心做广告，故B项属于无中生有；本段也没有介绍特色展品，故C项也属于无中生有；本段虽然提到了这个中心创办于1962年，但是没有介绍它的历史，故D项属于以偏概全。‎ ‎[典题2](2017·全国卷Ⅰ·C)Some of the world's most famous musicians recently gathered in Paris and New Orleans to celebrate the first annual International Jazz Day. UNESCO(United Nations Educational，Scientific and Cultural Organization)recently set April 30 as a day to raise awareness of jazz music，its significance，and its potential as a unifying(联合)voice across cultures.‎ Despite the celebrations，though，in the U．S. the jazz audience continues to shrink and grow older，and the music has failed to connect with younger generations.‎ It's Jason Moran's job to help change that．As the Kennedy Center's ‎ artistic adviser for jazz，Moran hopes to widen the audience for jazz，make the music more accessible，and preserve its history and culture.‎ ‎“Jazz seems like it's not really a part of the American appetite，”Moran tells National Public Radio's reporter Neal Conan.“What I'm hoping to accomplish is that my generation and younger start to reconsider and understand that jazz is not black and white anymore. It's actually color，and it's actually digital.”‎ Moran says one of the problems with jazz today is that the entertainment aspect of the music has been lost.“The music can't be presented today the way it was in 1908 or 1958.It has to continue to move，because the way the world works is not the same，”says Moran.‎ Last year，Moran worked on a project that arranged Fats Waller's music for a dance party，“just to kind of put it back in the mind that Waller is dance music as much as it is concert music，”says Moran.“For me，it's the recontextualization.In music，where does the emotion(情感)lie？Are we，as humans，gaining any insight(感悟)on how to talk about ourselves and how something as abstract as a Charlie Parker record gets us into a dialogue about our emotions and our thoughts？Sometimes we lose sight that the music has a wider context，”says Moran，“so I want to continue those dialogues. Those are the things I want to foster.”‎ ‎2．Which of the following can be the best title for the text?‎ A．Exploring the Future of Jazz B．The Rise and Fall of Jazz C．The Story of a Jazz Musician D．Celebrating the Jazz Day ‎[主旨大意题之确定标题。文章介绍了国际爵士乐日的设立，讨论了爵士乐现在面临的问题，即未受到年轻一代的关注，且其娱乐方面的属性已经丢失，故选A项。]‎ ‎[干扰项分析]虽然文中提到了爵士乐的衰落，但B项属于以偏概全；文中并没有讲述“一个爵士乐音乐家的故事”，‎ 故C项属于无中生有；第一段虽然提到了国际爵士乐日的设立，但是文章并不是主要介绍“庆祝爵士乐日”的，故D项属于以偏概全。‎ ‎ ‎