2020届二轮复习阅读理解中词句猜测--句意理解题考查解读

2020届二轮复习阅读理解中词句猜测--句意理解题考查解读

‎2020届二轮复习阅读理解中词句猜测--句意理解题考查解读 ‎ 题型解读】‎ 记叙文、说明文和议论文中可能会考查句意猜测题。要求考生用合适的语句解释一个具有概括性的句子或格言、谚语。设问形式常有：‎ ‎(1)The underlined sentence in the first/second/...paragraph means “ ”．‎ ‎(2)Which of the following best explains the underlined sentence in the first/second/...paragraph?‎ 解题技巧——“意义吻合”定句意 例如：【真题感悟】中第22题：‎ 第一步：速读文章，找出文章中与画线句子相关的句子 ‎(1)Before long，the cat began to look ragged(蓬乱的)．‎ ‎(2)When he went home，he sent Benjamin a box of paint and some brushes.‎ 第二步：对比信息句、画线句和选项，确定答案 画线句上一段讲到为了制作画笔本杰明剪猫的毛使猫“破相”，接下 来讲到堂兄给他送来了颜料和画笔使猫的命运得到改善，隐含着“本杰明将得到真正的画笔”。‎ 由此可推知D项与画线句的意思相符。‎ ‎【课堂练习】‎ A ‎6Companion planting is the idea that when some crops are planted together，they help each other grow.These 1compatible plants generally have similar needs for nutrients，soil and 2moisture.‎ Advice for companion planting is sometimes based more on tradition than proof. But Fabian Fernandez at the University of Illinois says there is evidence for some combinations.These can lead to better crops，reduce disease and help with pest control by attracting helpful insects.For example，some kinds of soil bacteria take nitrogen(氮) from the air and make a form that plants can use.The plants keep the nitrogen in their roots.Legumes(豆类) are especially good at this.Any crops sharing the same space can get the nitrogen as the roots decompose(腐烂)．‎ Crops like beans and potatoes，carrots and cabbages，beans and rice can also share territory well because their roots reach different levels in the soil.Deep-rooted vegetables get nutrients and moisture from lower down，so they do not compete with shallower plants.But some plants placed together ‎ may harm each other’s development.For example，tomatoes do not like wet soil but watercress does，as the name suggests.So you would probably not want to put them together.‎ Even after harvest，some kinds of produce should be kept apart.Apples，for example，release ethylene gas，a plant 3hormone.It can cause other foods to ripen(成熟) too quickly.Markets often separate high ethylene-producing foods from those that are sensitive to the gas.But sometimes you might want them together.For example，if you put an apple in a bag with a green banana，the banana will be ready to eat sooner.‎ Now what about peaches，plums and nectarines that are too firm to eat? Growers in California answer this question at eatcaliforniafruit.com.They say an apple，a banana or a riper piece of fruit is not needed.The peaches，plums and nectarines themselves release enough of the gas to ripen successfully.‎ Here’s their advice：place the fruit in a fruit bowl or in a paper bag with the top folded over.Keep the fruit at room temperature.When the fruit is soft enough to your liking，either use it or place it in a refrigerator to stop further ripening.‎ 语篇解读　本文介绍了兼容种植的原理和方法。兼容种植是指当一些作物被种植在一起时，它们互相帮助生长。‎ ‎1．What are the basic needs for companion planting?‎ A．Good old companions. ‎ B．Some kinds of soil bacteria.‎ C．Similar needs for nutrients，soil and moisture.‎ D．Helpful insects.‎ 答案　C 解析　细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句“These compatible plants generally have similar needs for nutrients，soil and moisture.”可知，兼容模式种植的基本要求是对“nutrients，soil and moisture”有相似的需求。故答案为C。‎ ‎2．What does the underlined sentence in Paragraph 2 most probably mean?‎ A．4To some extent，companion planting relies more on traditional experience.‎ B．In the field of companion planting，proof always speaks louder than tradition.‎ C．Traditional experience is much less reliable than scientific experiments.‎ D．Scientific researches have thrown light on the theory of companion planting.‎ 答案　A 解析　句意理解题。画线句子的意思是在某种程度上，兼容种植更多地依赖于传统经验。故选A。‎ ‎3．According to the text，which group of plants are not suitable to be planted together?‎ A．Beans and potatoes.‎ B．Tomatoes and watercress.‎ C．Carrots and cabbages.‎ D．Beans and rice.‎ 答案　B 解析　细节理解题。根据第三段最后两句“For example，tomatoes do not like wet soil but watercress does，as the name suggests.So you would probably not want to put them together.”可知，西红柿和豆瓣菜不适合在一起种植。故答案为B。‎ ‎4．What can be inferred from the last two paragraphs?‎ A．We should choose fruit from markets as often as possible.‎ B．The peaches，plums and nectarines should always be put together to get riper.‎ C．The fruit in a fruit bowl or in a paper bag should be eaten as soon as possible.‎ D．We should not place any ripening fruit out in direct sunlight.‎ 答案　D 解析　推理判断题。根据最后一段可知，我们应当把水果放在水果碗里或纸袋里。保持水果在室温下，当水果柔软到你喜欢的程度的时候，要么用掉它要么放到冰箱里。由此可推知我们不应该把任何成熟的水果放在阳光直射的地方。故选D。‎ B After four silent years，the 27-year-old British singer Adele Adkins has finally introduced herself to the world again with Hello，the opening song from her third album 25，which ‎ will 8come out on Nov.20.‎ Although Adele is a very successful singer now，music wasn’t always what she saw herself doing.At age 10，when she saw her grandmother’s pain over the death of Adele’s grandfather，she 7pictured herself as a heart surgeon.‎ ‎“I wanted to fix people’s hearts，” she told the UK music website i-D，remembering the childhood interest she’d had in biology classes until she found out that her real talent was for singing.‎ Adele didn’t go to medical school，but many would agree that she still has healing(治愈) powers.“Her songs find the kind of memory every listener holds somewhere in their heart.This kind of feeling is what people have always liked in Adele，” said The Telegraph.“She writes a pop diary，sharing the simple secrets of her heart.”‎ Most successful pop stars make albums at a fast pace，but not Adele.After her second album 21 won the 2012 Grammy Award for Album of the Year，she made it clear with her label that she would spend “four or five years” making her next album.She told Vogue magazine，“I won’t come out with new music until it’s better than 21.”‎ Instead of seeking 5fame，Adele remained silent and moved to the countryside.In her free time，she loved to watch TV series Teen Mom，American Horror Story，and The Walking Dead.‎ Living life as normally as possible is important to the ‎ singer’s art.“Nobody wants to listen to a record from someone who’s not living in the real world，” Adele told i-D.“So I live a low-key life for my fans.”‎ ‎5．What does the text mainly tell us?‎ A．The popularity of Adele’s album 25.‎ B．The healing powers of Adele’s music.‎ C．The secrets of Adele’s success in music.‎ D．The reason for Adele’s becoming a singer.‎ 答案　C 解析　主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是最后三段可推知，本文主要讲述了阿黛尔在音乐上取得成功的秘密。故选C。‎ ‎6．What does the underlined sentence in Paragraph 2 probably mean?‎ A．Adele wasn’t interested in music.‎ B．Adele wasn’t good at music at first.‎ C．Music wasn’t very important in Adele’s life.‎ D．Music wasn’t all Adele wanted to be devoted to.‎ 答案　D 解析　句意理解题。根据第二段末句可知，10岁时，当阿黛尔看到祖父的去世给祖母带来的伤痛时，她想成为一名外科医生，减轻别人的痛苦。由此可推知，音乐并不是阿黛尔想要的全部。故选D。‎ ‎7．Why doesn’t Adele want to make albums at a fast pace?‎ A．To live a low-key life.‎ B．To win the Grammy Award.‎ C．To guarantee the quality of her music.‎ D．To share the secrets of her heart as a musician.‎ 答案　C 解析　推理判断题。根据第五段中的“She told Vogue magazine，‘I won’t come out with new music until it’s better than 21.’” 并结合最后两段的整体内容可推知，阿黛尔放慢做音乐的速度是为了追求高质量的音乐。故选C。‎ ‎8．What can we know about Adele?‎ A．Her album Hello will come out on Nov.20.‎ B．She has kept a diary since childhood.‎ C．She moved to the countryside before 2012.‎ D．Her works are based on real life.‎ 答案　D 解析　细节理解题。根据最后一段最后两句“‘Nobody wants to listen to a record from someone who’s not living in the real world，’ Adele told i-D.‘So I live a low-key life for my fans.’”可知，阿黛尔的音乐作品基于真实的生活。故选D。‎ ‎【提炼拓展】‎ Ⅰ.障碍词汇突破 ‎(一)阅读下列句子，并根据句意猜测画线部分的意思 ‎1．Today there are lots of smartphone apps to choose.But they’re all different and not compatible with other smartphone operating systems.兼容的 ‎2．They require little water，perhaps because they obtain much ‎ of their moisture from their food.‎ 水分 ‎3．A hormone is a chemical，usually occurring naturally in your body，that makes an organ of your body do something.荷尔蒙；激素 ‎4．Do you think your happiness is tied，at least to some extent，to your financial situation？在某种程度上 ‎5．She was one of the most popular stars of our time and she could sit back and enjoy her fame and fortune.名声；名望 ‎(二)同义词语替换 ‎6．Although she finished her voyage without a companion，she did not start it alone.fellow/friend ‎7．We found it hard to picture him as the father of a young girl.imagine ‎(三)一词多义 ‎8．come out出来，出现；开花，发芽；出版，发表 ‎(1)We’re going to come out with a new dictionary next month.出版，发表 ‎(2)I have lots of ideas，but they never seem to come out of my mouth.出来 ‎(3)Some flowers have begun to come out.开花 Ⅱ.长难句理解 ‎1．Markets often separate high ethylene-producing foods from those that are sensitive to the gas.‎ ‎[句式分析]　本句话是一个复合句，句子的主干部分由短语separate...from...构成，those 指代前面的foods；that are sensitive to the gas是定语从句。‎ ‎[精美译文]　市场把乙烯含量高的食品与那些对乙烯气体敏感的食物分开。‎ ‎2．After her second album 21 won the 2012 Grammy Award for Album of the Year，she made it clear with her label that she would spend “four or five years” making her next album.‎ ‎[句式分析]　本句话是一个复合句，主干部分是主谓宾宾补结构，it是形式宾语，真正的宾语是that she would spend “four or five years” making her next album；After her second album 21 won the 2012 Grammy Award for Album of the Year是时间状语。‎ ‎[精美译文]　在她的第二张专辑《21》获得了2012年年度格莱美奖后，她明确表示要花四、五年的时间出下一张专辑。‎ 强化练习 Ⅰ.阅读理解 A I’ll never forget that “very important meeting” with a guidance counselor(咨询顾问) during my senior year of high school.I gladly and dutifully shared my dreams，and was looking forward to hearing his life-changing advice on how best to achieve my academic and professional goals for the future.He told me that I was not college material and that “possibly a nice secretarial school” would be more my league.His advice did change my life，though not in the way he expected—because I ‎ didn’t follow it.I didn’t even consider it.By trying to put limitation on my future，he made me even more determined to pursue(追求) a college degree and a career of my choice.‎ At that moment in my eighteenth year，I took charge of my life.I decided what kind of college I wanted to attend—one that was small，personal and would foster my enthusiasm and interests.I searched through many resources until I found the one for me：Endicott Junior College，then a women-only college in Beverly，Massachusetts.When I visited Endicott，it felt like home，and my choice was made.It was the only college I visited，applied to，and was interviewed by.‎ I was accepted into Endicott for the fall term and immediately knew it was the right school for me.After studying subjects ranging from English to early childhood education to psychology and art，I graduated with an associate degree in advertising.Then I went to one of the state universities.I decided to get my Bachelor’s degree—and I did，while holding two part-time jobs.Now，when my little girls tell me they want to do this or that，I always tell them that I’ll be right there for them，doing everything in my power to support them in making it happen.Because I know dreams really do come true.‎ 语篇解读　本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了作者坚定地坚持和追求自己的梦想，最终梦想成真的故事。‎ ‎1．What does the underlined sentence indicate?‎ A．The author could work in a secretarial school.‎ B．The author might be more suitable to be a secretary.‎ C．The author was good at communicating with others.‎ D．The author was encouraged to receive higher education.‎ 答案　B 解析　句意理解题。根据画线处所在句“He told me that I was not college material and that ‘possibly a nice secretarial school’ would be more my league.”可知，咨询顾问告诉作者她不是上大学的料，可能一所好的秘书学校更适合作者。也就是说咨询顾问觉得作者可能更适合做秘书。故选B。‎ ‎2．What can we learn about the author from the passage?‎ A．She worked part-time after graduation.‎ B．She got her Bachelor’s degree at Endicott.‎ C．She was satisfied with her choice of Endicott.‎ D．She visited many colleges before picking Endicott.‎ 答案　C 解析　细节理解题。根据第二段倒数第二句“When I visited Endicott，it felt like home，and my choice was made.”及第三段第一句“I was accepted into Endicott for the fall term and immediately knew it was the right school for me.”可知，作者选择了Endicott，而且她觉得这所学校很适合自己。由此可知，作者对自己选择了Endicott这所学校很满意。故选C。‎ ‎3．Which of the following can be best used to describe the author?‎ A．Stubborn and ambitious. B．Brilliant and supportive.‎ C．Creative and hard-working. D．Determined and strong-minded.‎ 答案　D 解析　推理判断题。根据文章内容，尤其是第一段最后三句“His advice did change my life，though not in the way he expected—because I didn’t follow it.I didn’t even consider it.By trying to put limitation on my future，he made me even more determined to pursue(追求) a college degree and a career of my choice.”可知，作者没有听从咨询顾问的建议，而是坚定地选择坚持自己的梦想，选择攻读大学学位，选择自己的职业；再结合下文内容可知，作者一步步努力去实现自己的梦想，是一个有主见的、意志坚定的人。‎ ‎4．What is the theme of the passage?‎ A．The best choice is the one that fits you.‎ B．School education is of great importance.‎ C．Everyone should hold on to their dreams.‎ D．Honest advice is always difficult to take.‎ 答案　C 解析　主旨大意题。根据作者没有盲目地听从咨询顾问的建议，而是坚持自己的梦想，并最终实现了梦想的故事以及作者支持女儿们做想做的事情这一态度可知，本文要传达的主题应是“每个人都应该坚持自己的梦想”。故选C。‎ B A Japanese company，NextTechnology，has created a robot ‎ dog that can tell you how bad your feet smell，by using a powerful sensor fixed in its nose.If your feet don’t have a bad smell，Hana-chan will happily wag its tail，if it’s exposed to feet that are mildly smelly，it’ll start to bark，and if they give off an extremely bad smell，it’ll just fall over like the smell caused it to faint(昏倒)．‎ Foot odor(脚臭) is a big deal in Japan，where it’s a custom for people to take off their shoes whenever they enter someone’s home.In fact，exposing others to bodily odors can be considered annoyance in Japan.Some of the most brilliant minds in the country’s tech industry have been trying to solve this problem.Last year，Thanko started selling axmpit(腋窝) fans designed to keep people’s armpits nice and dry.Now，we have Hana-chan.‎ The robot dog has a special sensor for a nose，and can tell you if your feet smell just by sniffing them for a few seconds.According to some media reports，Hana-chan can help solve the problem of extremely smelly feet by spraying them with air freshener，but it’s unclear whether this feature comes built-in，or if you’ll have to pay extra for it.‎ According to researchers at NextTechnology，the idea for Hana-chan was inspired by a person who desperately wanted some way to know if his feet smelled.“He told us his daughter had said his feet were smelly，” NextTechnology’s Kimika Tsuji said.“But he didn’t want to know how bad the odor was because ‎ he would feel hurt.That’s why we developed this cute robot.”‎ You may be able to make Hana-chan faint with your smelly feet，but it can have the same effect on budget-conscious people.NextTechnology plans to start selling the feet-smelling robot dog for ￥100,000 (9,280) next May.‎ ‎5．Under what condition will Hana-chan bark?‎ A．When its nose is fixed with a sensor.‎ B．When it wags its tail.‎ C．When it detects mildly smelly feet.‎ D．When something is wrong with its nose.‎ 答案　C 解析　细节理解题。根据第一段末句中的“if it’s exposed to feet that are mildly smelly，it’ll start to bark”可知，如果是轻度臭脚，Hana-chan就会叫。故选C。‎ ‎6．Why is foot odor paid great attention to in Japan?‎ A．Because Japanese have strong bodily odors.‎ B．Because Japanese are usually barefooted at others’ home.‎ C．Because Japanese are especial considerate of others.‎ D．Because its tech industry is highly developed.‎ 答案　B 解析　细节理解题。根据第二段首句“Foot odor(脚臭) is a big deal in Japan，where it’s a custom for people to take off their shoes whenever they enter someone’s home.”可知，在日本，去别人家需要脱鞋，所以脚臭是个大事。故选B。‎ ‎7．What can be inferred about Hana-chan from the text?‎ A．It has a built-in air freshener sprayer.‎ B．It’s already available in the market.‎ C．Its idea comes from Kimika Tsuji.‎ D．It can recognize foot odor quickly.‎ 答案　D 解析　推理判断题。根据第三段首句“The robot dog has a special sensor for a nose，and can tell you if your feet smell just by sniffing them for a few seconds.”可知，这只机器狗有一个特殊的鼻子传感器，仅仅嗅几秒钟就能告诉你你的脚是否有气味。故选D。‎ ‎8．What does the underlined part in the last paragraph imply?‎ A．Hana-chan is no cheap thing.‎ B．People should mind their smelly feet.‎ C．People should be careful about their budget.‎ D．Hana-chan makes people loosen their budget.‎ 答案　A 解析　句意理解题。画线句子句意为：你也许可以用你的臭脚让Hana-chan晕过去，但它对注重预算的人也有同样的效果。此处指的是对注重预算的人来说，听完它的价格也会晕过去。根据下面的价格也可推知它很昂贵。故选A。‎