2020届二轮复习特训定语从句课件共27张PPT课件

2020届二轮复习特训定语从句课件共27张PPT课件

定语从句 The Attributive Clause 一、定语从句的定义： 用来修饰 名词 或 代词 的从句叫定语从句。被定语从句所修饰的名词或代词叫 先行词 （ antecedent）。 定语从句一般是由 关系代词 或 关系副词 来引导的。相当于名词和形容词的作用。 Eg: 1.Do you know the man who came to see Xiao Yang this morning? 定语从句 I read a book last week. Charlie really liked the book . I read a book ______Charlie really liked [ ] last week. that 是关系代词,代替从句中和主句相同的名词短语，避免重复。 当关系代词做宾语时，要移到定语从句的句首 that 1.       I finally met the woman . Charlie has fallen in love with the woman . I finally met the woman ____________________________________. 2.      The book is there on the table. You lent the book to me last week. The book _________________________ is there on the table. 3.   I met the person . Charlie told me about her . I met the person _______________________. who Charlie has that you lent [ ] to me last week who Charlie told me about fallen in love with[ ] 二、关系代词和关系副词的作用： 1、引导作用 2、替代作用 3、在定语从句中担当某个成分的作用 Eg: 1.Those who want to go please sign your names here. 2.This is the house where he was born. 3. Bill, who was here yesterday, asked me a lot of questions. 三、关系代词（ who, whom, which, that, whose） 的指代关系 指人 指物 在定语从句中的作用 who √ 主语 宾语 whom √ 宾语 which √ 主语 宾语 that √ √ 主语 宾语 whose √ √ 定语 1.He is such a man ____never tells a lie. 2. He is the model worker __________we should learn from. 3. A dictionary is a book _____often helps us to know the meanings of the words. 4. This is the film ___________I like best. 5. The boy _____ father is a professor is one of my best friends. 6. The house ______roof was blown away by the storm will be rebuilt soon. who whom/who which which 不填 whose whose 四、关系代词 which 和 that 的区别： A. 关系代词必须用 that 的情形： 1、当先行词被形容词的最高级所修饰 This is the best film that I have ever seen. 2、 当先行词被序数词修饰 The first car that arrived at the destination was driven by John. 3、 当先行词被 the only, the very 等修饰 This is the only ticket that I got yesterday. This is the very book that I’m looking for. 4、 当先行词为 anything, nothing, something, everything, all, little, much ,no, some 等不定代词修饰时 Is there anything that I can do for you? All that you have to do is to press the button. There is no time that we can waste. 5、 当先行词既指人又指物时 The car and its driver that knocked down the old lady have been taken to the police station. B. 指物时，放在介词后，作介词的宾语，关系代词只能用 which， 不能用 that This is the question about which we’ve had so much discussion. 1. Is this the library _____ ______ you borrow books? 2. Can you lend me the book ______ ______ you talked last night? 3. Do you find the pen ____ _____ I wrote just now? 4. He is the kind of boy ___ _____ few people will give a second look . 5. I finish reading the book ___ _____ Lu Xun described his childhood . from which about which with which at whom in which 五、指人时只能用 who 不能用 that 的情况。 当先行词是 one, ones, anybody, anyone, all, none, those 等, 指人时一般用 who， 不用 that. Those who want to go to the cinema will have to wait at the gate of the school. 六、在以疑问词 who 开头的句子中, 或关系代词在从句中作表语时, 用 that, 不用 who。 Who is the man that is shouting there? 正在那边叫喊的那个人是谁？ She is not the girl that she used to be. 她已经不是过去的她了。 六、先行词是人，从句中缺少定语时，用 whose。 Do you know the boy whose parents are on holiday? 先行词是物，且从句中缺少定语时，用 whose 或 the+ 名词+ of which 的结构。 We study in the classroom whose door /the door of which faces south.. 我们在那个门朝南开的教室里学习。 七 、 关系代词 that, which ,whom 在从句中作宾语时可省略掉。但放在介词后面时则不可省略。如下面句中 from 后面的 whom 就不能省略。 He is the student (whom, who ,that) you want to see. 他就是你想见的那位学生。 The teacher wants to return the book to the girl from whom he borrowed it. 这位老师想把从这个女孩那儿借的书还给她 用关系代词连接下列句子，并翻译成中文 1. I bought a TV set. The TV set was in the corner. 2. The old lady is our class teacher. She is sitting next to the door. 3. Do you know the man? I saw the man coughing all the time 4. Did you take the medicine? The doctor gave them to me just now? 5. Where is the boy? He wants to see a doctor. 6. The nurse is very kind. She looks after my little sister. 7. The building is next to the hotel. She is looking for the building.   八、关系副词 when, where, why 的用法 关系副词都等于一个适当的介词＋ which， 在从句中作 状语 when=in/at/on/…+which; where=in/at/on/…+which; why=for /…+which 这就是鲁迅曾经住过的房子。 This is the house (which/that) once Lu Xun lived in . This is the house in which once Lu Xun lived . This is the house where once Lu Xun lived 1.Do you still remember the day ___________ we went to visit the museum together? 2.This is the factory ________________my father once worked. 3.This is the reason _______________he was late. when(on which) where(in which) why(for which) 九、限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句 限制性定语从句是先行词不可缺少的修饰成分，否则主句的意思不完整或不成立。非限制性定语从句只对所修饰的词作进一步的说明，去掉之后主句的意思照样完整。 1. A man who does not try to learn from others can’t achieve much. 2. There’re many plays ( that ) I’d like to see. 3. This note was left by Xiao Wu, who was here a moment ago. 十、限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句在形式上的区别 限制性定语从句常和先行词紧密相连；非限制性定语从句与先行词之间常用逗号分开。 非限制性定语从句不能用 that 来引导。 非限制性定语从句常常用来修饰整个句子。 The team is headed by a 44-year-old Mongolian, whose wife is a Tibetan. Yesterday Mr Brown paid a visit to Hangzhou, which is famous for its West Lake. They have invited me to visit their country, which is very kind of them. 十一、 as 引导定语从句，多与 such 和 the same 连用，在从句中作主语或宾语。 1. Such people as you describe are rare nowadays. 2.Let’s discuss only such questions as concern every one of us. 4.Would you please buy me the same novel as you bought for brother yesterday, Mum? 3. As we all know, John is an honest man. 比较： 5.She wore the same dress that she wore at Marry’s wedding. 九、注意事项： 1、关系代词和关系副词在定从中的不同成分 a、This is the place _________he works. This is the place ____________we visited last year. b、That was the time _________he arrived. Do you still remember the days ____________we spent together? c、This is the reason ________he went. The reason ____________he gave us was quite reasonable. where which(that) when that (which) why that (which) 2、关系代词放在介词后面，只能用 which 或 whom a.This is the boy ____________he worked. b.This is the boy whom he worked with . c. This is the boy who he worked with . d. This is the boy he worked with . e. The house where we live is not large. f. The house in which we live is not large. g. The house which we live in is not large. h. The house we live in is not large. with whom 3、定语从句与并列句 (1)He has two sons,_______are teachers. (2)He has two sons, and _______ are teacher. (3)He has two sons. ______are teachers. both of them B. both of whom C. both of which (4)He finished doing all the maths exercises,____ were rather difficult. many of them B. many of that. C. many of which D. what 4、定语从句的主谓一致 (1)He is one of the students ________always ready to help others. (2)He is the only one of the students ________ always ready to help others. who are B. who is C. which are D. which is (3)I, _______ your good friend, will try my best to help you out.  who is B. who am C. that is D. what is 1. Is this the factory __________ you visited the other day?  A. that B. where C. in which D. the one  2. Is this factory __________ some foreign friends visited last Friday?  that B. where C. which D. the one  3. Is this the factory __________ he worked ten years ago?  that B. where C. which D. the one  4.That tree, __________ branches are almost bare, is very old.  whose B. of which C. in which D. on which  A D B A 5.I have bought the same dress ___ she is wearing.  as B. that C. which D. what  6.He failed in the examination, _____ made his father very angry.  A. which B. it C. that D. what  7.Those __________ not only from books but also through practice will succeed.  A.learn B. who C. that learns D. who learn  8. Anyone _______ this opinion may speak out.  A. that againsts B. that against C. who is against D. who are against  A A D C 9.Can you lend me the novel ______ the other day?  that you talked B. you talked about it  C. which you talked with D. you talked about  10.The train _______ she was travelling was late.  which B. where C. on which D. in that 11.He has two sons, __________ work as chemists.  A. two of whom B. both of whom C. both of which D. all of whom  D C B ； http://www.fhkh6688.com/ 凤凰 stz31qus 月饼啊！”耿英自己，则会感到很对不起心爱的大壮。因为，那一轮中秋的圆月，只看到了坐在故乡小河边上那块儿大坐台上的大壮，而大壮是在等着月儿爷爷给他传递相思之情的啊！耿正也会想起来他的秀儿。他知道，秀儿那天肯定会很想念他，而他却给忙得忘记了八月十五节！愧疚之余，耿正会在心里告诉秀儿：“秀儿，对不起，我没有忘记了你，我只是太忙了啊！”当然，他们还都会思念一会儿娘和小妹妹，还有已经不在人世的爹爹，以及年迈的姥娘和姥爷 …… 他们太想赶快回家去了，但赚的银子还远远不够实现爹爹的那个梦想啊！好在还不到返家的最后期限呢。于是，他们暗下决心：再咬牙干几年吧！即使脱皮掉肉，我们也一定要为爹爹实现梦想！就这样，耿正兄妹三人坚持着为了实现爹爹的美好梦想而夜以继日地辛苦忙碌着 …… 尽管开这个小饭庄确实非常辛苦，但其利润还是相当不错的。如此，兄妹三人似乎找到了能够充分施展他们自己身手的地方，所以也就不再考虑改做其他的生意了。如果不是在那个和煦春日里的上午，那位叔叔辈儿的稷山李老乡的不期造访，耿正兄妹三人很可能会继续干下去，一直干到他们必须返家回归故乡的最后期限 ……72 第七十回 换牌“南北小饭庄” | （“百日”祭奠做完后，换牌“南北小饭庄”；招牌响亮创意好，北方饭菜超火爆。）那天，在为梁爷爷和梁奶奶做完“百日”祭奠后返回来的路上，耿正和弟弟妹妹商议：“咱们应该给小饭店换个招牌了。这样一来，或许可以使它焕发新的生机呢！”听了哥哥的话，耿英点点头说：“是啊，梁爷爷和梁奶奶刚刚去世的时候，咱们不忍心摘了他们亲自挂上去的那个招牌。如今‘百日’也过了，是该换一换了。肯定得啊，本来想着来咱们饭店吃饭买饼的人，一看到这个招牌，也大多会望而却步的呢！”耿直说：“换个招牌当然对了，可给咱们的饭店起个什么样的名字呢？我想啊，一定要起一个让人们一看了，就很想进去品尝一番的好名字！”耿正说：“我初步考虑了一个，叫‘南北小饭庄’怎么样？”耿英想一想，说：“咱们从北方来，在南方开了个小饭店，北南合璧！我看这个名字挺不错的，很有创意呢！”耿直说：“可这个字号里边，没有把我们的姓氏加进去啊，应该叫‘耿记南北小饭庄’才完整！”耿正说：“这景德镇上只有咱们这一家‘南北小饭庄’，我看就没有必要把我们的姓氏加进去了吧。”耿英也说：“我看也没有必要加了，咱这个名字主要体现的是‘南北’两个字；倘若再加上姓氏，不但掩盖了主题，而且还显得累赘呢！”耿直仔细琢磨一番之后，说：“可不是耶，还是不加得好，那就叫‘南北小饭庄’吧，挺响亮的名字呢！”耿英补充说：“主要是人们一看招牌，就知道咱们的小饭店里