【英语】2019届二轮复习书面表达专题如何写记叙文摘要（6页word版）

【英语】2019届二轮复习书面表达专题如何写记叙文摘要（6页word版）

‎2019届二轮复习书面表达专题如何写记叙文摘要 ‎[写作指导]‎ 对记叙文进行概括时，要抓住原文的人物、事件、结果三大要素。有些记叙文的结尾有一个点题句，表达深刻内涵或故事带给人们的启示，在写摘要时也需把故事寓意表达出来。‎ 一、记叙文摘要的模板 ‎1．没有寓意只单纯介绍事件的记叙文摘要模板 ‎(1)人物——事件 ‎(2)人物——事件——结果 ‎2．篇末有表示文章内涵的记叙文摘要模板 人物——事件——结果——启示 二、记叙文摘要的写法——要素串联法 ‎1．寻词摘句，确定要素 记叙文通常包含时间(when)、地点(where)、人物(who)、事件(what)、原因(why)、经过(how)六大要素。在阅读时要圈定这些要素。‎ ‎2．整合信息，串联要素 列出上述要素和关键词后，需要对其进行整合，把所圈定的要素按一定的逻辑顺序排列，在整合时要有所取舍，对于有助于揭示主题的主要信息，应该全部概括；而对于主题之外的内容要毫不犹豫地舍弃。‎ ‎3．认真审题，注意表达 表达时要注意以下三点：‎ ‎(1)确定人称：如果原文是第一人称，在转述时一般要改为第三人称。‎ ‎(2)确定时态：记叙文以一般过去时为主。若记叙文中有作者从中得到的“启示”或“意义”等，常用一般现在时表达。‎ ‎(3)确定词数与句数：摘要要求是“以约30个单词概括”，从近两年高考阅卷的实际来看，满分作文概括的词数在26～38个单词之间。‎ 三、记叙文摘要的常用句式 ‎1．The writer tells us his experiences ...‎ ‎2．The author shares his experiences ...‎ ‎3．From the passage, we know that ...‎ ‎4．The passage tells us that ...‎ ‎5．In the passage ...‎ ‎[典题示例]‎ 请阅读下面短文，然后以约30个单词概括下文的主要内容。‎ A_father came_home_from_work_late,_tired_and_exhausted. He worked day and night, hoping to earn more money for his only child. His_5yearold_daughter was waiting for him at the door.‎ ‎“Dad,_how_much_do_you_earn_an_hour？”asked the daughter.‎ ‎“Why do you ask that？”‎ ‎“I just want to know. Please tell me how much you earn an hour.”‎ ‎“If you really want to know ... I earn ＄ 20 an hour.”‎ ‎“Oh，” the little girl replied with her head down. Looking up, she said, “Dad,_may_I_borrow_＄10？”‎ The father became angry. “Go to bed right now! Think about how selfish you are. I work hard every day, but you just want to buy your silly toy！”‎ The little girl quietly went to her bedroom, feeling sad. After an hour or so, the father calmed down and started to feel sorry because she really didn't ask for money very often. So he went to his daughter's room and gave her ＄10.‎ The little girl jumped from the bed. “Oh, thank you, Dad！” She was really happy indeed.‎ Then she took out her own savings and said，“Dad, I have D|S20 now. Can_I_buy_an_hour_of_your_time? Please come home earlier tomorrow. I_would_like_to_have_dinner_with_you.” ‎ ‎[点拨]‎ 第一步：圈定本文的要素(见原文画线部分)‎ who a girl and her father when at the time when her father came home from work where at home what The girl borrowed $10 from her father and wanted to buy an hour from her ‎ father.‎ 第二步：整合这些要素，提取重要信息，舍去次要细节 阅读全文之后，发现本文重要的信息是：人物和发生的事情。‎ 第三步：确定人称和时态 人称：本文是讲述了一个小女孩和父亲的故事，应该用第三人称；‎ 时态：事情发生在过去，用一般过去时。‎ 第四步：串联要素，确定表达 In this passage, the writer mainly tells us about a little girl, who wanted to buy some time from her busy father so that he could accompany her.‎ ‎[演练提能]‎ ‎(2018·南京、盐城高三模拟)请阅读下面短文，然后以约30个单词概括下文的主要内容。注意写作过程中不能直接引用原文语句。‎ On Nov. 25, 2016, Luo Er in the city of Shenzhen published an article about his 5yearold daughter's leukemia (白血病) to raise money for her treatment via WeChat, China's most popular messaging app. According to the WeChat account, Luo raised more than 2 million yuan.‎ However, he was flooded with considerable criticism. On the one hand, he was revealed as the owner of three apartments. On the other hand, the Shenzhen hospital treating Luo's daughter confirmed that the fiveyearold leukemia patient was receiving the highest level of medical care, but said the cost of the treatment totaled 200,000 yuan, with more than 82% of those expenses covered by government health insurance. That meant Luo raised about 75 times his spending on his daughter's treatment via WeChat. On Nov. 30, Shenzhen's civil affairs authority said it had launched an investigation into the case.‎ Some Internet users said they thought the campaign may be a marketing exercise or even a downright fraud. “If it were me, I would never use this incident to push my kid in front of the public，” one Internet user wrote on China's blog site. Another said, “I feel that we are cheated and I'll save my kindness for others who truly need it and don't write articles for marketing.”‎ 参考答案：The passage mainly tells us about a father who posted his daughter's illness via WeChat to raise money for her treatment despite the fact that he had the ability to cover the medical expenses.‎ ‎[写作指导]‎ 议论文包括论点、论据、论证三部分，在写议论文的摘要时要紧扣这些要素。‎ 一、议论文摘要的类型 ‎1．对比观点式 通常有两种不同的观点，而且都有各自的理由。写摘要时要将观点和理由按文章的顺序用简练的语言组织起来。‎ ‎2．观点—论据—论证式 找出文章的主题句、论据以及结论，再用自己的语言进行加工处理。‎ 二、议论文摘要的写法——主题概括法 ‎1．找出主题词和主题句 任何一篇文章都是围绕某个主题展开的。因此，许多文章最明显的特点之一就是有一个反复出现的中心词，即高频词，也叫做主题词。抓住了它，便抓住了文章的中心。一般来说，主题词通常是名词、动词或形容词。‎ 议论文通常用来讲道理、论是非、提观点，作者先正面或反面提出论点，然后用事实论证论点，最后以重申论点或提出建议的方式得出结论。议论文的主题句通常在首段或尾段，或者在各段的首句或尾句。‎ ‎2．根据主题词和主题句进行概括 根据圈定的主题词和主题句进行改写，用相应的同义词进行替换或进行句型转换，千万不能原封不动地抄写原文。‎ ‎3．整合要点，限制词数 用相应的连词对各要点进行连接，使其连贯；整合中心要点，使用形容词、介词短语、非谓语动词短语合并、简化句子，使之符合概括短文内容要点的词数(30个单词左右)。‎ ‎[典题示例]‎ 请阅读下面短文，然后以约30个单词概括下文的主要内容。注意写作过程中不能直接引用原文语句。‎ If_you_ask_people_what_makes_them_happy,_you_will_probably_get_many_different_answers__but_there_are__two_fundamental_things___that_will_ensure_hap piness.‎ The_first_part_of_what_makes_people_happy_is_growth. When you feel like you are improving your life, that's when you are happy. It doesn't necessarily mean that you have to constantly buy bigger and better things. You need to feel like you are growing on a personal level. You need to know that the essence of who you are is continually improving in some way. Keep looking for ways to make yourself better today than you were yesterday. This can mean different things to different people but the point is that you have to feel like you are improving and getting better as a human being as time goes by.‎ The_second_part_of_what_makes_people_happy_is_the_sense_of_contribution. Everyone wants to believe that they were put here to do something great. As long as you know that by your being here, by doing what you are doing, you are helping someone somewhere, it will bring you happiness.‎ These are two ways of how to find happiness. Are these the only answers to what makes people happy? That depends on how you define happiness.‎ 第一步：圈定文章的关键词和主题句(见原文画线部分)‎ 第二步：根据文章大意可知本文为“观点对比式议论文”‎ ‎1．人们的观点：People have different opinions about what makes them happy.‎ ‎2．作者的观点：Happiness comes from two fundamental sources.‎ 第三步：整合要点，确定答案 While people have different opinions about what makes them happy, the writer thinks that happiness comes from fundamental sources: the improvement of one's life and the sense of contribution.‎ ‎[演练提能]‎ ‎(2018·南通、泰州高三模拟)请阅读下面短文，然后以约30个单词概括下文的主要内容。注意写作过程中不能直接引用原文语句。‎ It's a question every social media user faces after taking a great photo: Should I post this? Or is it going to come back to worry me? The questions get doubly complex when they involve children. A parent on average will post almost 1,000 photos of a child online before the child turns five, according to a recent survey. Are parents putting kids at risk by oversharing on social media?‎ Here are the selections of the views. ‎ Lauren Apfel (US)‎ The big reason to share is to build a community. I live, for example, thousands of miles from my family. In this atmosphere of modern parenthood, we all struggle to make it through the day, and the Internet has become a source of support. In the early years of mothering twins, one of the things that brought me the most happiness was posting pictures of them on Facebook. Sharing those photos and engaging with an online community was a lifeline.Dracarys (China)‎ I don't post pictures of my kids online because I don't like it when friends of mine post photos of me online. It feels way too public and an exhibitionist to me. So I treat my kids the way I want to be treated. That is probably what the parents who are comfortable with online photos think, too, when they decide to put the photos out there.‎ 参考答案：While it is common for a parent to post children's photos online nowadays, people take different attitudes toward it. Some think it's beneficial while others are anxious about it.‎