2020届二轮复习阅读理解阅读技能指导之(三十八)理清句间结构之一　总分

2020届二轮复习阅读理解阅读技能指导之(三十八)理清句间结构之一　总分

‎2020届二轮复习阅读理解阅读技能指导之(三十八) 理清句间结构之一　总分 一般来说，段落的首句常是主题句，起到总领的作用，后面句子是对主题句的论证和分析，有时通过引用一些句子进行说明。利用句子间的这种“总分”关系，可准确解答阅读七选五类题目。‎ ‎[高考典例1]　2018•全国卷Ⅲ•阅读七选五 Before there was the written word, there was the language of dance. Dance expresses love and hate, joy and sorrow, life and death, and everything else in between.‎ ‎__36__ We dance from Florida to Alaska, from north to south and sea to sea. We dance at weddings, birthdays, office parties and just to fill the time.‎ A．So why do we dance?‎ B．Dance in the U．S. is everywhere.‎ C．If you like dancing outdoors, come to America.‎ D．My older students say it makes them feel young.　　‎ E．I keep practicing even when I’m extremely tired.‎ F．Dancing seems to change their feeling completely. ‎ G．They stayed up all night long singing and dancing.‎ 由位置可知36题为主题句，为总，根据其后的细节支撑句“We dance from Florida to Alaska, from north to south and sea to sea. We dance at weddings, birthdays, office parties and just to fill the time.”可知，舞蹈在美国无处不在。B项符合要求。‎ ‎[高考典例2]　2017•全国卷Ⅲ•阅读七选五 Lots of people find it hard to get up in the morning, and put the blame on the alarm clock. In fact, the key to easy morning wakeup lies in resetting your body clock.__16__ Here’s how to make one.‎ ‎•__17__ In order to make a change, you need to decide why it’s important. Do you want to get up in time to have breakfast with your family, get in some exercise, or just be better prepared for your day? Once you are clear about your reasons, tell your family or roommates about the change you want to make.‎ ‎•Rethink mornings ...‎ ‎•Keep your sleep/wake schedule on weekends ...‎ ‎•Keep a record and evaluate it weekly ...‎ A．Get a sleep specialist.　　　　　　　　 　‎ B．Find the right motivation.‎ C．A better plan for sleep can help. ‎ D．And consider setting a second alarm.‎ E．If the steps you take are working, keep it up.‎ F．Stick to your set bedtime and wakeup time, no matter the day.‎ G．Reconsider the 15 minutes you spend in line at the cafe to get coffee.‎ 第16题空格前一句为主题句，为总，介绍了早上起床变得简单的关键是重新设置生物钟，后一句为细节支撑句，提出要制定一个调节计划，因此得出第16题的答案为C项。‎ 由位置可知17题为主题句，为本题的总；根据后面的细节支撑句“In order to make a change”和“Once you are clear about your reasons”可以断定B项为正确答案。‎ ‎[高考典例3]　2016•全国卷Ⅲ•阅读七选五 ‎__38__ Fresh fish should smell sweet: you should feel that you’re standing at the ocean’s edge. Any fishy or strong smell means the fish isn’t fresh. __39(A)__ When you have bought a fish and arrive home, you’d better store the fish in the refrigerator if you don’t cook it immediately, but fresh fish should be stored in your fridge for only a day or two. Frozen fish isn’t as tasty as the fresh one.‎ A.Do not buy it.‎ B．The easiest is to steam it.‎ C．This is how you can do it.‎ D．It just requires a little knowledge.　　　　　　　　　　　　‎ E．The fish will go bad within hours.‎ F．When buying fish, you should first smell it. ‎ G．The fats in fish are thought to help prevent heart disease.‎ 第38空考查段首主题句。根据段落中提供的细节：围绕如何通过嗅觉来鉴别鱼是否新鲜，由此可以推出F项为本段的主题句，意为“买鱼时应该先闻一闻”。‎ ‎[课下语篇提能练]　　　 ‎ Ⅰ.阅读理解 ‎(2019•绵阳诊断)German artist HA Schult is an unusual artist who uses trash (废物) to make sculptures.“We are living in the time of garbage，” says Schult.“I created a thousand sculptures of garbage.They are a mirror of ourselves.” Here, Schult was talking about his 1,000 trash sculptures in the form of humans.He first exhibited them in 1996 in the western German state of North RhineWestphalia.‎ ‎“They are social sculptures，” he explains.“They are not only sculptures for the eyes.They are sculptures to spread the idea that we live in a time of garbage.” So far, Schult’s social sculptures have been on show in Paris, in Moscow’s Red Square, on the Great Wall of China, and in the desert next to the Pyramids of Giza near Cairo.‎ HA Schult’s work is unforgettable.Although his work has had a big influence on the art world, Schult remains modest about his creations: “Artists have to learn every time.We are not important.All that counts is the time in which we are living.”‎ Trash art has been around for years.But it seems that only the popular artists are regarded as true artists when working with trash.Why can’t common people be considered artists when they use the same things and change them into some form of personal art? Maybe it’s because we all have our own preset ideas of what art is and isn’t, or whom artists are or should be.‎ You can be an artist like Schult if you try.Look at used metal cans.What might be done with them? Imagine them in any number of new uses, or imagine them simply as an art form.What about boxes or clothing? Boxes can usually serve as new storage containers and houses for pets.And clothing？Imagine taking old clothes and turning them into hats or hanging organizers.‎ 语篇解读：本文主要讲述了一位德国艺术家利用垃圾创造艺术作品的故事，并以此鼓励读者行动起来，为环保出一份力。‎ ‎1．What do we know about Schult’s sculptures?‎ A．They served as garbage containers.‎ B．They reflected environmental issues.‎ C．They were first shown in Paris, France.‎ D．They were to raise economic awareness.‎ 解析：选B　推理判断题。根据第二段中的“They are sculptures to spread the idea that we live in a time of garbage.”可知，Schult的作品反映了环境问题，故选B。‎ ‎2．HA Schult’s artistic works also get the message across that an artist must ________.‎ A．be socially responsible B．be as modest as possible C．make garbage recyclable D．take diverse artistic forms 解析：选A　推理判断题。根据第三段最后一句“All that counts is the time in which we are living.”和第二段的整体内容可推知，Schult的作品同样传递了这样一个思想，即艺术家除了自己的艺术追求之外，也应该有社会责任感。故选A。‎ ‎3．According to the last 2 paragraphs, the author probably agrees that ________.‎ A．it takes talent to be a trash artist B．preset ideas are important to artists C．trash art can’t be seen as a real art form D．average people can also make trash artists 解析：选D　细节理解题。根据最后一段第一句“You can be an artist like Schult if you try.”可知，作者认为普通人也可以利用周围的废物或者垃圾而成为一位艺术家，故选D。‎ ‎4．Which of the following is the best title for the text?‎ A．Could You Be a Trash Artist?‎ B．What Are Social Sculptures?‎ C．Do You Know about Trash Art?‎ D．How Can We Deal with Used Cans?‎ 解析：选A　标题归纳题。文章最后一段第一句“You can be an artist like Schult if you try.”点题，再结合全文内容可推知，本文主要通过讲述一位艺术家利用垃圾创造艺术作品的故事，激励人们行动起来，为环保作贡献，人人都可以成为一位艺术家，故A项最适合作文章标题。‎ Ⅱ.完形填空 ‎(2019•江西名校联盟检测)From a young age, my parents have taught me the importance of giving generously to the less fortunate. Out of __1__， whenever there is something I can __2__， I give it to someone on the streets.‎ Last week, __3__ I left the house to run a few errands (差事), I carried with me some old clothes, some food and a handbag to hand over to someone __4__.‎ As the car __5__ at a traffic signal, I saw a girl of five or six asking for money. I __6__ her to come to me and quickly __7__ all the things I had. As I started handing them over, she seemed __8__. She looked up at me with a sweet smile on her face and asked what was in the __9__. I told her there were some clothes and food for her.‎ ‎__10__ she looked up at me and asked, “Can you give me some water？” It was then that I noticed her __11__ lips. It seemed as if she had not had a drop of water all day.‎ I __12__ my bottle of water that I always carried with me and helped her to drink from it. She finished it quickly and gave me a heartwarming smile of __13__.‎ I was thankful that I could __14__ her simple wish! I realized once again that day that you don’t necessarily have to make big __15__ to help someone. This experience __16__ once again my ‎ belief in the __17__ acts of kindness and how they can make someone’s __18__.‎ The next time you want to do something nice for someone, don’t __19__， waiting for the right chance. __20__ and do it!‎ 语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者帮助一个女孩的故事以及由此产生的一些感悟。‎ ‎1．A.respect　　　　　　　 　B．habit C．sympathy D．kindness 解析：选B　上文作者提到从小父母就教育自己要对不幸的人慷慨解囊，所以此处指出于习惯(habit)。respect“敬重”；sympathy“同情心”。‎ ‎2．A.afford B．get C．spare D．serve 解析：选C　出于习惯，每当有可以提供(给别人)的东西的时候，作者就会把它送给流浪街头的人。故选spare“(尤指不会造成不便或损失地)供给，给予”。‎ ‎3．A.as B．until C．once D．before 解析：选A　上星期，当作者离开家去办差事的时候，作者带了一些旧衣服、食物和一个手提包去送给一些贫穷的人。根据语境可知，应选as。‎ ‎4．A.needy B．sick C．disabled D．sad 解析：选A　参见上题解析。needy意为“缺食物(钱)的，贫困的”。‎ ‎5．A.parked B．stared C．turned D．paused 解析：选D　根据语境可知，此处指的是车停在了交通信号灯处。故选pause“暂停，停顿”。‎ ‎6．A.phoned B．signaled C．advised D．allowed 解析：选B　根据语境可知，此处是指作者招手示意(signaled)女孩过来。‎ ‎7．A.threw B．fetched C．packed D．collected 解析：选D　女孩过来后，作者把自己放在车里的衣服和食物快速收集(collected)在一起。‎ ‎8．A.ashamed B．upset C．embarrassed D．astonished 解析：选D　根据语境及下文女孩问问题可以推知，女孩很吃惊(astonished)。ashamed“羞耻的”；embarrassed“尴尬的”。‎ ‎9．A.car B．bag C．bottle D．clothes 解析：选B　根据上文内容可知，作者出门时带的东西有衣服、食物和手提包。所以作者这里应是把衣服和食物装在包(bag)里送给她。‎ ‎10．A.Then B．Next C．Again D．But 解析：选C　根据空后的“she looked up at me and asked”以及上文中的”“She looked up at me with a sweet smile on her face and asked”可知，此处应是指女孩再一次(Again)抬起头来看作者并问道。‎ ‎11．A.dirty B．pale C．thick D．dry 解析：选D　根据下文中的“It seemed as if she had not had a drop of water all day.”可知，女孩由于缺水嘴唇比较干(dry)。‎ ‎12．A.pointed out B．picked out C．gave out D．took out 解析：选D　作者取出(took out)随身携带的一瓶水。point out“指出，指明”；pick out“挑选”；give out“分发，发出”。‎ ‎13．A.happiness B．pleasure C．appreciation D．welcome 解析：选C　根据语境可知，女孩喝完作者递给她的水后，应是流露出感激的微笑。appreciation“感激，欣赏”。‎ ‎14．A.satisfy B．attain C．promise D．realize 解析：选A　女孩那时的心愿是有水喝，所以作者满足(satisfy)了她的心愿。attain“达到，获得”；promise“承诺”；realize“实现”。‎ ‎15．A.differences B．ambitions C．achievements D．donations 解析：选D　那一天作者再次意识到你没有必要给予大额的捐赠(donations)来帮助他人。ambition“追求，理想”；achievement“成就”。‎ ‎16．A.found B．doubted C．showed D．proved 解析：选D　这再次证明(proved)了作者的信仰：简单的(simple)善举以及这些善举是如何给人们带来幸福的。‎ ‎17．A.unique B．simple C．reliable D．polite 解析：选B　参见上题解析。‎ ‎18．A.day B．fortune C．dream D．life 解析：选A　参见第16题解析。make one’s day“给某人带来幸福”。‎ ‎19．A.hold on B．hold up C．hold back D．hold down 解析：选C　根据下文“waiting for the right chance”可知，此处作者想要表达的是下次你想帮别人时，不要犹豫。故选hold back“犹豫”。hold on“不挂断电话，等一等”；hold up“举起，阻挡”；hold down“压制，保住”。‎ ‎20．A.Take care B．Speed up C．Go ahead D．Look out 解析：选C　此处是作者鼓励别人去做助人为乐的事。go ahead“开始吧，开始(做某事)”符合语境。take care“提防，注意”；speed up“加速”；look out“注意，当心”。‎ Ⅲ.语法填空 ‎(2019•成都市重点中学高三段考)In today’s world of mobile payment, all we really need __1__ (survive) is a smartphone. But one company is hoping to make traditional wallets cool again, by __2__ (bring) them into the digital age.‎ Armenian firm Volterman’s smart wallet takes security to a new level. It’s fitted with different technology, such as __3__ alarm, a GPS tracker, and even a camera. If your smartphone and wallet become separate, the alarm will warn you __4__ you don’t leave it behind. And if your ‎ wallet __5__ (lose) or stolen, the GPS tracker can help you reach it.‎ Even __6__ (interesting) is the frontfacing camera. “If someone dares to open your wallet __7__ permission, a little camera inside __8__ (take) a picture and send it to your mobile phone. You will find it __9__ (easy) by receiving a picture of the thief，” Azat Tovmasyan, Volterman’s founder, told news site Banks.am.‎ The hightech wallet will be released later this year and will come in three __10__ (model), with the cheapest expected to cost $179.‎ 语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了一种即将上市的智能钱包。‎ ‎1．to survive　考查非谓语动词。need to do sth.为固定搭配，意为“需要做某事”。‎ ‎2．bringing　考查非谓语动词。根据空前的介词by可知，空处作该介词的宾语，故用动名词形式。‎ ‎3．an　考查冠词。根据该句中的“a GPS tracker, and even a camera”并结合语境可知，该处泛指“一个警报器”，且alarm的发音以元音音素开头，故用不定冠词an。‎ ‎4．so　考查连词。根据空处前后的句意可知，空处前后表示因果关系，故用so引导该结果状语从句。‎ ‎5．is lost　考查动词的时态和语态。if引导的条件状语从句中可用一般现在时表示将来，故空处用一般现在时；根据语境可知，空处表示钱包被丢失，故用is lost。‎ ‎6．more interesting　考查形容词的比较级。上文介绍了如果你的钱包丢失或被盗，GPS跟踪器可以帮助你找到的情况，结合该句中的“Even”可知，此处表示“更令人感兴趣的是前置摄像头”。故该处用形容词的比较级。‎ ‎7．without　考查介词。根据语境可知，如果有人胆敢在未经允许的情况下打开你的钱包，里面的一个小相机就会拍下照片并发送到你的智能手机上。without permission意为“未经允许”，为固定用法。‎ ‎8．will take　考查动词时态。分析句子结构可知，该句为主从复合句，从句为if引导的条件状语从句，使用了一般现在时，故主句用一般将来时。‎ ‎9．easily　考查副词。空处修饰动词find，故用副词形式。‎ ‎10．models　考查名词复数。model为可数名词，根据空前的数词“three”可知，该处用复数形式。‎ Ⅳ.短文改错 Dear Mr.Thomas，‎ I learned from the Notice Board that you want a word editor for the English Weekly. Luckily I had a friend, David, who is good for English. I think he is the right person for a post.‎ David does well in write in English and once won first prize in the English writing contest holding in our school. What’s much, David is a friendly boy and he’s always ready to help other whenever he is needed. And, most important, he gets on well with all his classmates and willing to work for the good of the team.‎ Please offer to him a chance. I’m sure he will give you a surprise.‎ Yours，‎ Sam 答案：第二句：had→have; for→at 第三句：a→the 第四句：write→writing; holding→held 第五句：much→more; other→others 第六句：important→importantly; and后加is 第七句：去掉to