2020届二轮复习如何根据上下文信息作出推断单词或短语的含义课件（12张）

2020届二轮复习如何根据上下文信息作出推断单词或短语的含义课件（12张）

—— “ 搜索带入法 ” 突破 3 类词义猜测题 一、代词指代题 1 . 解题步骤 2020届二轮复习如何根据上下文推断单词或短语的含义 2 . 解题指导 向上搜索时，先从上文最近点开始找，找不到再找次近的，一般答案不会离得太远，答案一定是代指上文最近的某个名词或短语。 [ 示例 ] 　 (2019· 全国卷 Ⅱ 阅读 A) Jo Usmar is a writer for Cosmopolitan and co-author of the This Book Will series ( 系列 ) of lifestyle books.Here she picks her top reads. Matilda Roald Dahl I once wrote a paper on the influence of fairy tales on Roald Dahl’s writing and it gave me a new appreciation for his strange and delightful worlds.Matilda’s battles with her cruel parents and the bossy headmistress, Miss Trunchbull , are equally funny and frightening, but they’re also aspirational. 21.Who does “I” refer to in the text? A.Stephen King. B.Gillian Flynn. C.Jo Usmar . D.Roald Dahl. 分析： Step 1 返回原文 → 找出出题的指代词 I 。 Step 2 向上搜索 → 找最近的句子 (Here she picks her top reads.) ，其中 she 指代 Jo Usmar 。 Step 3 带入原文 → 将找到的句子的意思代入替换代词 I 。 Step 4 确定答案 → 选 C 。 二、词汇猜测题 词汇猜测题不是考查考生的词汇量，而是要求考生根据上下文中的已知信息对单词或词组的具体语义进行合理推测。涉及的词语有四类：熟词新义、生僻单词和词组短语。词义猜测题在前文中已经具体阐述，请参考。 1 . 解题步骤 2. 解题指导 (1) 如果该词汇是简单词汇，则其字面意思必然不是正确答案。 (2) 高考阅读不是考查认识不认识词，而是考查是否能根据上下文作出正确的判断。 (3) 词汇题的正确答案经常蕴藏在原文该词汇出现的附近。注意不能靠单词词义直接往下推。 (4) 寻找时要注意同位语、特殊标点 ( 比如分号，分号前后两句话的逻辑关系不是形式上的并列就是语义上的并列，也就是两句话的意思相同，所以可用其中一句话的意思来推测另一句话的意思从而推出所给词汇含义 ) 、定语从句、前后缀，特别要注意寻找时的同性原则。比如：让猜一个名词词组 ( 动词词组 ) 的意思，我们就向上向下搜索名词词组 ( 动词词组 ) 。 [ 示例 ] 　 (2019· 天津卷阅读 D) We’ve all known people who run out of steam before they reach life’s halfway mark.I’m not talking about those who fail to get to the top.We can’t all get there.I’m talking about people who have stopped learning on growing because they have adopted the fixed attitudes and opinions that all too often come with passing years. 52.What does the underlined part in Paragraph 3 probably mean? A.End one’s struggle for liberty. B.Waste one’s energy taking risks. C.Miss the opportunity to succeed. D.Lose the interest to continue learning. 分析： Step 1 返回原文 → 找出出题的词汇 run out of steam 。 Step 2 确定词性 → 确定该短语为动词词组。 Step 3 带入原文 → 根据画线部分后作者说的 “ 我谈论的是那些已经不再学习成长的人，因为他们已经接受了固定的态度和观点，这些都是随着时间的流逝而来的 ” 可知，画线短语的意思是 “ 没有兴趣继续学习 ” 。 Step 4 确定答案 → 把选项带入原文，验证应选 D 项。 三、句子理解题 1 . 解题步骤 2. 注意事项 (1) 一般来说，选项中的正确答案与原句意思完全相同，只不过用其他英语词汇换种表达而已。 (2) 句子理解题的干扰项特征：推得过远。做题时应把握住推的度。 [ 示例 ] 　 (2018· 浙江卷阅读 A) The brush did not last long.Soon Benjamin needed more fur.Before long ， the cat began to look ragged ( 蓬乱 ).His father said that the cat must be sick.Benjamin was forced to admit what he had been doing. The cat’s lot was about to improve. That year ， one of Benjamin’s cousins ， Mr.Pennington ， came to visit.He was impressed with Benjamin’s drawings.When he went home ， he sent Benjamin a box of paint and some brushes.He also sent six engravings ( 版画 )by an artist.These were the first pictures and first real paint and brushes Benjamin had ever seen. 22.What does the underlined sentence in paragraph 3 suggest? A.The cat would be closely watched. B.The cat would get some medical care. C.Benjamin would leave his home shortly. D.Benjamin would have real brushes soon. 分析： Step 1 返回原文 → 找出出题的句子 The cat ’ s lot was about to improve. Step 2 理解语境 → 由前文可知，本杰明在没有专业画笔之前是用猫的毛制作画笔的。画线句的字面意思是 “ 猫的命运将会得到改善 ” 。由该段后文可知，本杰明的堂兄送给了他专业的颜料和画笔。 Step 3 确定答案 → 由此可推知 D 项与画线句的意思相符。