【英语】2019届二轮复习语法专题主谓一致（5页word版）

【英语】2019届二轮复习语法专题主谓一致（5页word版）

‎2019届二轮复习语法专题主谓一致 主谓一致 主谓一致是指句子的谓语动词和其主语在人称和数上必须保持一致。主谓一致一般遵循三个原则：语法一致原则、意义一致原则和就近一致原则。‎ ‎1．语法一致原则 主语的单复数决定了谓语动词的单复数。‎ ‎(1)动名词短语、动词不定式短语、单个从句或不定代词作主语时，谓语动词常用单数。‎ Listening to music makes me relaxed after a busy day.‎ 听音乐使我在一天的忙碌之后得到了放松。‎ Everything is in a complete mass, which drives people crazy.‎ 所有的事情都毫无头绪，让人发疯。‎ ‎[名师指津]　what引导的从句作主语时，谓语动词一般用单数形式，但如果从句表示复数意义，则谓语动词用复数形式。‎ What he said is far from the truth.‎ 他的话与事实相差太远了。‎ What the school needs are qualified teachers.‎ 这个学校需要的是合格的老师。‎ ‎(2)主语后跟有with, together with, as well as, like, but, except, along with, rather than, including, in addition to等引起的短语时，谓语动词的数要与前面的主语保持一致。‎ The teacher as well as his students was very excited.‎ 老师和他的学生们都很兴奋。‎ ‎(3)and, both ... and ...连接两个不同的主语时，谓语动词用复数形式；但是如果由and连接的两个名词表示同一个人或物时，谓语动词用单数形式。‎ The poet and writer has produced many works.‎ 这位诗人兼作家创作了许多作品。‎ ‎(4)定语从句中关系代词作主语时，从句中的谓语动词的形式要与先行词保持一致。‎ I will always treasure the moments that were full of pleasure.‎ 我将永远珍惜那些充满欢乐的时光。‎ ‎(5)“many a或more than one＋可数名词单数”作主语时，谓语动词用单数。each, every, no所修饰的名词作主语时，即使有and连接，谓语动词仍用单数。‎ Many a parent has had to go through this same painful process.‎ 很多父母都被迫经历了这一段痛苦的过程。‎ ‎2．意义一致原则 意义一致原则是指不管主语的形式是单数还是复数，主语的意义决定了谓语动词的单复数。‎ ‎(1)集体名词作主语时，若被看作一个整体，谓语动词用单数形式；若被看作是构成集体的一个个成员，谓语动词用复数形式。常见的集体名词有：family, class, team, group, public, committee, government, audience等。‎ The class consists of 25 boys and 20 girls.‎ 这个班由25个男生和20个女生组成。‎ The class are doing experiment.‎ 全班学生都在做实验。‎ ‎(2)“分数/百分数/the majority＋of＋名词”作主语时，谓语动词的单复数取决于of后名词的数以及其表示的意义；all, some, half, most, the rest等作主语时，谓语动词的单复数取决于主语实际表达的意义。‎ About one third of the books are worth reading.‎ 这些书中大约有1/3值得一读。‎ Only 60 percent of the work was done yesterday.‎ 昨天只做了60% 的工作。‎ ‎(3)“the＋形容词”表示一类人在句中作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。‎ The old are taken good care of here.‎ 在这儿老年人被照顾得很好。‎ ‎(4)a quantity of后既可接不可数名词，也可接可数名词复数，谓语动词的单复数取决于of后名词的数以及其表示的意义；quantities of后无论是可数名词还是不可数名词，谓语动词均用复数形式。‎ A quantity of time has been wasted on the project.‎ ‎＝Quantities of time have been wasted on the project.‎ 大量的时间被浪费在这个项目上。‎ ‎(5)“a number of＋复数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式；“the number of＋复数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。‎ A number of students have gone for an outing.‎ 许多学生去远足了。‎ The number of the students is increasing year after year.‎ 学生的数量逐年增加。‎ ‎(6)表示时间、距离、重量、金额等复数名词作主语时，谓语动词通常用单数形式。‎ Three thousand dollars is quite a lot of money for a boy.‎ 对于一个男孩来说，3 000美元是一笔大数目。‎ ‎3．就近一致原则 就近一致原则是指谓语动词的单复数形式取决于离它最近的主语的单复数。‎ ‎(1)由or, either ...or ..., neither ... nor ..., not only ... but also ..., not ... but ...等连接的并列主语，谓语动词的数常与最近的主语保持一致。‎ Either you or one of your students is to attend the meeting that is due tomorrow.‎ 要么是你要么是你的一名学生应该出席明天的会议。‎ ‎(2)由there, here引起的主语不止一个时，谓语动词的数通常和最邻近的主语保持一致。‎ There are three books and a pen on the desk.‎ 桌子上有三本书和一支钢笔。‎ ‎[命题点感悟]　　 考什么·考多少·怎么考 ‎ Ⅰ.单句语法填空 ‎①(2017·全国卷Ⅰ)Fast food________ (be) full of fat and salt; by eating more fast food people will get more salt and fat than they need in their diet.‎ 解析：is　主语是“Fast food”，是不可数名词短语，所以谓语用单数形式，且此处讲的是现状，所以填is。‎ ‎②(2017·江苏高考改编)The publication of Great Expectations, which ________ (be) both widely reviewed and highly praised, strengthened Dickens' status as a leading novelist.‎ 解析：was　句意：《远大前程》这部小说的出版发行受到各界的评论和高度赞扬，它巩固了狄更斯作为顶尖小说家的地位。分析句子结构可知，which指代“The publication of Great Expectations”，故定语从句中的谓语动词应该使用单数形式；根据句中的strengthened可知，应使用一般过去时态，故填was。‎ ‎③(2017·天津高考改编)Nowadays, cycling, along with jogging and swimming, ________ (be) regarded as one of the best allround forms of exercise.‎ 解析：is　句意：如今，骑自行车与慢跑和游泳一样，被看作是一种最全面的运动方式。句子主语部分是A along with B结构，因此谓语应在人称和数上与A保持一致，即用单数形式，故填is。‎ ‎④(2016·全国卷Ⅱ)Leaving the less important things until tomorrow ________ (be) often acceptable.‎ 解析：is　主语是“Leaving the less important things until tomorrow”，为动名词短语作主语，所以谓语动词用单数形式，此处表示客观情况，用一般现在时。‎ Ⅱ.单句改错 ‎①(2016·浙江高考)He would ask who we was and pretend not to know us.‎ 解析：was→were　宾语从句中主语是we，为复数，故be动词应该用were而不是was。‎ ‎②(2014·全国卷Ⅱ)My dream school starts at 8：‎30 a．m. and ends ... My dream school look like a big garden.‎ 解析：look→looks　句子的主语是单数形式，所以谓语也用第三人称单数，根据前文可知应用一般现在时，所以用looks。‎ ‎③(2014·四川高考)Today, I am going to talk about what you should do when a fire alarm go off.‎ 解析：go→goes　句子的主语为“a fire alarm”，故谓语动词应用第三人称单数形式。‎ ‎④(2014·辽宁高考)The early morning barking have been disturbing us as we are often up all night with the baby.‎ 解析：have→has　句子的主语为“The early morning barking”，故谓语动词应用单数形式。‎