【英语】2018届二轮复习形容词和副词考点探索及演练学案（21页word版）

【英语】2018届二轮复习形容词和副词考点探索及演练学案（21页word版）

‎2018届二轮复习 形容词和副词考点探索及演练 考点探索 大多数形容词和副词有比较级和最高级的变化，即原级、比较级和最高级，用来表示事物的等级差别。原级即形容词的原形，比较级和最高级有规则变化和不规则变化两种。‎ ‎    规则变化 ‎ ‎◇单音节以及少数双音节的词后面直接加-er , -est 原级 比较级 最高级 tall taller tallest smart smarter smartest short shorter shortest 特别提醒：以-y,-er, -ow, le结尾的双音节形容词末尾加er和est。‎ 如：healthy, funny, busy, hungry, easy, happy, early, pretty,lazy, heavy, dirty, clever, narrow等。 ‎ ‎◇以不发音的e结尾只加-r，-st 原级 比较级 最高级 nice nicer nicest fine finer finest large larger largest ‎ ‎ ‎◇“以辅音字母+y”结尾的词改y为i，再加-er, -est 原级 比较级 最高级 easy easier easiest pretty prettier prettiest happy happier happiest funny funnier funniest busy busier busiest ‎ ‎ ‎◇以一个元音加一个辅音字母结尾的单音节词（即重读闭音节词），双写结尾的辅音字母，再加-er，-est 原级 比较级 最高级 slim slimmer slimmest thin thinner thinnest hot hotter hottest big bigger biggest ‎ 特别提醒：new, few, slow, clean等词含有字母组合，且发的是长元音，不用双写。‎ ‎  ◇大部分双音节词和多音节的词(即音标中含有三个或三个以上元音音素的词)，要在前面加 more，most 原级 比较级 最高级 beautiful more beautiful most beautiful important more important most important interesting more interesting most interesting expensive more expensive most expensive popular more popular most popular ‎ 特别提醒：以形容前缀un构成的三音节形容词不适合上述情况，‎ 如unhappy----unhappier----unhappiest,‎ untidy----untidier----untidiest ‎ ‎◇以形容词+ly构成的副词要在前面加 more，most 原级 比较级 最高级 slowly more slowly most slowly quickly more quickly most quickly angrily more angrily most angrily softly more softly most softly noisily more noisily most noisily 特别提醒：early ----earlier----earliest ‎ ‎◇由ING分词和ED分词演变过来的形容词(包括不规则动词如know→known)只能加more或most来表示它们的比较级和最高级。 ‎ ‎ 原级 比较级 ‎ 最高级 ‎ ‎ interesting more interesting ‎ most interesting ‎ ‎ excited more excited ‎ most exciting ‎ ‎ tired more tired  ‎ most tired ‎ ‎ boring more boring ‎ most boring ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎   不规则变化 ‎ 原级 比较级 最高级 good/well better best bad/badly/ill worse worst many/much more most little less least far farther/further farthest/furthest old older/elder oldest/eldest 特别提醒：‎ ‎ ◇further不仅可以指“距离更远”，还可指“程度更深”。‎ ‎  记住以下三个词组：further study(进修)Further education(继续教育)  Further information (进一步的信息)‎ ‎ ◇elder仅用于同辈之间的排行，如: elder sister(姐姐) elder brother (哥哥)‎ ‎ ◇less作为“更少”仅用来修饰不可数名词，修饰可数名词表示“更少”要用fewer。‎ ‎ 以下内容不作为初中英语教学内容，仅供拓展之用。‎ ‎ ◇少数单音节词前面加 more, most 构成比较级和最高级，这类形容词一般为表语形容词和由过去分词变成的形容词。‎ afraid ---- more afraid, most afraid tired ---- more tired , most tired fond ----- more fond , most fond glad ----- more glad , most glad bored ---- more bored , most bored pleased---- more pleased , most pleased ‎ ◇下列形容词和副词的比较级和最高级有两种形式，即：既可加-er/-est也可加more/most      cruel, strict, often, friendly, clever ‎ ◇下列形容词和副词没有比较级和最高 ‎（即表示“最高程度”或“绝对状态”的形容词和副词没有比较级和最高级）‎ empty, wrong, perfect, unique, extreme, excellent, favourite,true, right, correct, extremely ...‎ ‎  形容词副词比较级最高级使用注意事项 ‎       ◇比较应在同类事物之间进行。‎ 误：Your English is better than me.正：Your English is better than mine.‎ ‎ ◇比较级前可以有一个表示程度的状语，最常见的三大修饰词是：a little, much, even。‎ 以下单词也可用来修饰：any, far, still, a lot, yet, rather。‎ My sister is a little taller than me.Their house is much larger than ours.‎ 另外，名词短语也可修饰比较级，说明程度。‎ I’m three years older than he.特别提醒：very, quite, too不可修饰比较级。‎ ‎ ◇避免重复使用比较级。‎ 误：He is more kinder to small animals than I.‎ 正：He is much kinder to small animals than I.‎ 误：He is more cleverer than his brother.‎ 正：He is cleverer than his brother.‎ ‎◇比较要符合逻辑，在同一范围内比较时，避免将主语含在比较对象中，这时需使用other来排除自身。‎ 误：China is larger that any country in Asia.‎ 正：China is larger than any other country in Asia.‎ 误：John studies harder than any student in his class.‎ 正：John studies harder than any other student in his class.‎ 正：John studies harder than any of the other students in hisclass.‎ 正：John studies harder than anyone else in his class.‎ ‎◇比较要遵循前后一致的原则，注意前后呼应。‎ The population of Shanghai is larger than that of Beijing.‎ It is easier to make a plan than to carry it out.‎ ‎◇序数词通常只修饰最高级。‎ Africa is the second largest continent.‎ The Yellow River is the second longest river in China.‎ This is the third most popular song of Michael Jackson.‎ ‎ ◇为避免重复，我们通常用that, those, one, ones代替前面出现的名词。that代替可数名词单数和不可数名词，those代替可数名词复数。one既可指人又可指物，只能代替可数名词。‎ The weather in China is different from that in America.‎ The book on the table is more interesting than that(或the one)on the desk.        A box made of steel is stronger than one made of wood.        误：In winter, the weather of Beijing is colder than it of Shanghai.‎ 正：In winter, the weather of Beijing is colder than that of Shanghai.‎ ‎ ◇“否定词 + 比较级”相当于最高级。‎ ‎----Wait until we get a satisfactory reply, will you?‎ ‎----I couldn't agree more. The idea sounds great to me.‎ Nothing is so easy as this. =Nothing is easier than this. =This is the easiest thing.‎ ‎ ◇比较级前一般不加冠词。但表示两者中较突出者，且比较级后又有名词或出现了of the two，这时比较级前一定要加the。‎ He is the taller of the two.‎ Of the two jobs，he chose the harder.‎ Which is the younger one, Lily or Lucy?‎ 试比较：‎ Which is larger,Canada or Australia?‎ Which is the larger country,Canada or Australia?‎ She is taller than her two sisters.‎ She is the taller of the two sisters.‎ ‎ ◇不含than 的比较级前可加不定冠词修饰，构成“a/an+比较级+单数可数名词”表示 “一个更……的人/物”。‎ Why don’t you use a sharper knife? 你为什么不用一把更锋利的刀呢？‎ ‎ ◇比较级than 后应用人称代词的主格，但非正式语体中常用宾格。‎ He is taller than I/me.‎ ‎◇为避免重复，比较级中同样的动词用助动词do, does, did替代。‎ I spend less time doing homework than John does.‎ She tells more funny jokes than we do.‎ ‎ ◇形容词most前面没有the，不表示最高级的含义，只表示“非常”。‎ It is a most important problem. =It is a very important problem.‎ ‎ ◇倍数表达法 ‎      ▲A is three(four, etc.)times the size(height, length etc.)of B.‎ ‎          The new building is four times the size(the height)of the old one.           这座新楼是那座旧楼的四倍大（高）/这座新楼比那座旧楼大（高）三倍。       ▲A is three(four, etc.)times as big(high, long,etc.)as B.          Asia is four times as large as Europe. 亚洲是欧洲的四倍大/亚洲比欧洲大三倍。 ‎ ‎      ▲A is three (four, etc.)times bigger(higher,longer, etc.)than B.          Your school is three times bigger than ours.你们的学校比我们的学校大三倍。          用times表倍数通常用于三倍以上，两倍可以用twice或double. ‎ ‎     形容词副词比较级最高级重点句型归纳 ‎  ◇句型一：形容词或副词比较级+than…‎ ‎□注意事项：‎ 该句型为比较级的最基本句型。只要看到than，即可确定前面使用比较级。‎ He is taller than I am.‎ The boy does his homework more carefully than the girl.‎ ‎ ◇句型二：less + 形容词的原级 + than ‎□注意事项：‎ 该句型表示“不如、不及”，特别需要注意的是，less本身就是little的比较级，后面必须跟形容词的原级，否定就造成了比较级的重复使用。‎ This computer is less expensive than that one.‎ ‎◇句型三：as +形容词或副词的原级+ as ‎□注意事项：‎ 该句型表示对比的两者程度相当，as之间必须跟形容词或副词的原级，决不能使用比较级。此外，还要确定使用形容词还是副词。确定的依据就是根据第一个as前的动词，如果是系动词（如be，感官动词look, sound, smell, taste, feel等），那么就用形容词的原级，如果前面的动词是一般的实义动词，那么就必须用副词的原级修饰动词。‎ This lesson is as easy as that one.‎ Lucy talks with old people as politely as her sister.‎ 特别提醒：as…as之间也可以跟名词，句型如下：‎ ‎☆as +形容词+ a/an +单数名词+as ‎    He is as kind a person as his father. 他和他爸爸一样都是善良的人。‎ ‎☆as + many/much+不可数名词/可数名词复数+as ‎    I can carry as much paper as you can. 你能搬多少纸，我也能。‎ ‎    I have as many books as you do. 我的书和你的一样多。‎ ‎    We’ll give you as much help as we can. 我们将尽我们所能给你帮助。‎ 其它几个关于as…as的句型：‎ ‎☆as … as one can：尽其所能  He began to run as fastas he could.        ☆as … as possible：尽可能   Please help us as quickly as possible.        ☆as soon as…一……就… He will call me as soon as he comes here.‎ ‎◇句型四：not as/so +形容词或副词的原级+ as ‎□注意事项：‎ 该句型表示“前者不如后者……”，往往可以与句型一和句型二替换。第一个as可以换为so。‎ This classroom is not as bright as yours.‎ I cannot run as fast as you.‎ ‎◇句型五：the +形容词或副词最高级+ in / of / among +比较范围 ‎□注意事项：‎ 如果这里为副词最高级，前面的the常常省略。介词in和of的用法完全不一样。in表示“在某一范围内”，如：in the classroom，in the world。of表示“在同类之间”，of后面的词与主语同类，另名词前一般有冠词the。among表示“在（三者或三者以上）之间”，among后接代词或没有修饰语的名词。‎ The Changjiang River is the longest river in our country.‎ Peter is the tallest of the six students.‎ This picture is the most beautiful among these.‎ ‎◇句型六：one of + 形容词最高级+可数名词复数形式 ‎□注意事项：‎ one of有三大考点：1. 后跟形容词最高级；2. 后接可数名词复数形式；3. 作主语时主语为one，谓语动词用单数形式。‎ One of the smallest dinosaurs was about one metre long.‎ ‎ ◇句型七：比较级+and +比较级 / more and more +多音节词的原级 ‎□注意事项：‎ 该句型表示“越来越……”，如果该形容词比较级构成形式加er，则用前面的句型；如果该形容词比较级加more构成，则用后面的句型。‎ It is getting hotter and hotter.‎ The girl is becoming more and more beautiful.‎ ‎ ◇句型八：the +比较级+…, the +比较级+…‎ ‎□注意事项：‎ 该句型意思为“越……就越……”，表示两种情况同时变化。‎ The more you eat, the fatter you will be.‎ In the test, the more careful you are, the fewer mistakes you will make.‎ ‎ ◇句型九：be different from ‎□注意事项：‎ 该句型没有运用比较级，但也是对两者事物进行比较。注意前后比较需在同类事物中进行。‎ My schoolbag is different from yours.‎ ‎ ◇句型十：the same as… / the same…as…‎ ‎□注意事项：‎ 该句型同样没有运用比较级，表示两者之间具有共同特性。注意这里的as和same为固定搭配，不能随便变换。‎ I don’t want to buy the same thingsas Amy did.‎ ‎ ◇句型十一：比较级+than + any other +名词单数形式 ‎□注意事项：‎ any other 后面跟单数名词，表示“任何别的”，即主语在范围内，必须把自身从这一范围内除去，否则逻辑上不通。如果主语不在这一范围内，那么要把other去掉，只用any即可。‎ Shanghai is larger than any other city inChina. （上海在中国这个范围内，所以用any other）‎ Shanghai is larger than any city in Jiangsu. （上海不在江苏，所以只需用any）‎ ‎ ◇句型十二：比较级+than + the other +名词复数形式 ‎□注意事项：‎ 该句型相当于any other +名词单数形式，常用来进行同义句改写。该句型与句型十一虽然波表面上都是比较级，但实际上相当于最高级。以下三句表达的是同一个意思。‎ Daniel is the most hard-working student in our class.‎ Daniel is more hard-working than any other student in our class.‎ Daniel is more hard-working than the other students in our class.‎ 特别提醒：表示两者(人或物)比较时，比较的对象应是同类事物，不同类的事物之间无法进行比较。‎ 典题演练 ‎1．(2016·新课标Ⅰ，63) The title will be ________ (official) given to ‎ me at a ceremony in London.‎ ‎1．officially句意：这个头衔会在伦敦的典礼上正式地被授予我。修饰动词应用副词形式。‎ ‎2．(2016·新课标Ⅱ，41) If you feel stressed by responsibilities at work，you should take a step back and identify (识别) those of ________ (great) and less importance.‎ ‎2．greater句意：如果你因为工作责任而感到有压力的话，那么你应该暂缓一下，识别哪些事情更重要，哪些不太重要。由and连接两个并列成分可知，great应与less并列，故用比较级greater。‎ ‎3．(2016·新课标Ⅱ，47) Recent studies show that we are far more productive at work if we take short breaks ________ (regular)．‎ ‎3．regularly句意：近期的研究表明，如果有规律地短暂休息，我们的工作效率会更高。形容词通常在句中作定语或表语。此处修饰动词短语take short breaks，需用副词。‎ ‎4．(2016·新课标Ⅲ，66) Food in small pieces could be eaten easily with twigs which ________(gradual) turned into chopsticks.‎ ‎4．gradually句意：小块的食物用树枝更容易吃到，这样树枝就逐渐演变成了筷子。所填词修饰动词，所以用副词形式。‎ ‎5．(2016·四川，62) Chinese scientists ________ (recent) had a chance to study a wild female panda with a newborn baby.‎ ‎5．recently句意：最近，中国的科学家有机会研究一只带着新出生的熊猫宝宝的野生雌性大熊猫。在句中作状语应用副词形式。‎ ‎6．(2016·四川，63) She was a very ________ (care) mother.‎ ‎6．caring/careful句意：她是一位非常体贴的/细心的妈妈。修饰名词应用形容词形式。caring“体贴的，关心他人的”和careful“细心的”均符合语境。‎ ‎7．(2016·浙江，6) That young man is honest，cooperative，always there when you need his help.In short，he's ________ (rely)．‎ ‎7．reliable句意：那个年轻人很诚实，有合作精神，当你需要他的帮助的时候，他总会在那里。简而言之，他可以信赖。be 动词后面要接形容词作表语。‎ ‎8．(2016·浙江，18) I have always enjoyed all the events you organized and I hope to attend ________ (many) in the coming years.‎ ‎8．more句意：我一直很喜欢你组织的所有的活动，并且希望未来的几年里参加更多的活动。此处暗含比较意义，故用比较级形式。‎ ‎9．(2015·新课标Ⅰ，62) A few hours ________，I'd been at home in Hong Kong，with its choking smog.‎ ‎9．before/earlier句意：几小时之前，我待在香港的家，那里有令人窒息的雾。结合语境用before或earlier表示“在……之前”。‎ ‎10．(2015·新课标Ⅰ，69) Abercrombie & Kent，a travel company in Hong Kong，says it ________ (regular) arranges quick getaways here for people living in Shanghai and Hong Kong.‎ ‎10．regularly句意：……说它经常为住在上海和香港的人安排快速通道。此处需要一个副词修饰动词arranges。‎ ‎11．(2015·新课标Ⅱ，45) Walls made of adobe take in the heat from the sun on hot days and give out that heat ________ (slow) during cool nights，thus warming the house.‎ ‎11．slowly句意：土坯的墙壁在热天能够吸收来自太阳的热量，并在寒冷的夜晚慢慢释放出那些热量，从而温暖房间。修饰动词短语give out要用副词。‎ ‎12．(2015·福建，23) It was ________ (considerately) of Michael to inform us of his delay in case we got worried.‎ ‎12．considerate句意：以防我们担心，迈克通知我们他耽搁了，他考虑得真周全。此处需要一个形容词作表语，形容人的特性。‎ ‎13．(2015·安徽，31) They gave money to the old people's home either ________(personal) or through their companies.‎ ‎13．personally句意：他们通过个人或以公司的名义把钱送到老年之家。根据句意可知，这里需要一个副词修饰动词gave。‎ ‎14．(2015·四川，9) Little Tom sat ________ (amaze) watching the ‎ monkey dancing in front of him.‎ ‎14．amazed句意：小汤姆惊讶地坐在那儿观看猴子在他面前跳舞。此处用amazed说明主语的状态。‎ ‎15．(2015·重庆，10) Last year was the warmest year on record，with global temperature 0.68℃________ the average.‎ ‎15．above句意：去年是有记录以来最暖和的一年，全球的温度比平均温度高出了0.68度。根据上文的the warmest可知，应为above。above the average“超出平均数”。‎ ‎16．(2014·新课标Ⅰ，68) While there are ________ (amaze) stories of instant transformation...‎ ‎16．amazing句意：尽管有瞬间转移这种令人难以置信的故事……空处作名词stories的定语，表示事物的特性，故用形容词amazing“令人难以置信的”。‎ ‎17．(2014·新课标Ⅰ，70) Just be ________(patience)．‎ ‎17．patient句意：耐心一点。作表语，应用形容词；此处表示特性，意为“耐心的”。‎ ‎18．(2014·新课标Ⅱ，43)．..some of them looked very anxious and ________ (disappoint)．‎ ‎18．disappointed句意：……‎ 他们中的一些看上去很着急和失望。and连接两个并列成分，根据前面的形容词anxious判断填形容词；表示人的感受，应填disappointed“失望的”。‎ ‎19．(2014·新课标Ⅱ，50) Everyone on the bus began talking about what the boy had done，and the crowd of strangers ________ (sudden) became friendly to one another.‎ ‎19．suddenly句意：在车上的每个人都在谈论那个男孩的作为，这些陌生人突然就变得相互友好起来。修饰句子的谓语became friendly，应用副词形式。‎ ‎20．(2014·辽宁，62) Bend your knees slightly and reach out your arms like tree branches，naturally and ________ (soft)．‎ ‎20．softly句意：双膝微微弯曲，将你的手臂尽量自然柔软地像树枝一样伸展开。and连接两个并列成分，根据前面的naturally可知填softly。‎ ‎21．(2014·辽宁，63) My legs become ________ (pain)．‎ ‎21．painful句意：我的腿开始疼起来。become是系动词，所以填形容词，作表语。‎ ‎22．(2014·辽宁，68) The ________ (hard) you try to beat him，the more likely you will get hit.‎ ‎22．harder句意：你越用劲打他，你越有可能被打。根据后边的the more likely可知，此处是“the＋比较级．..，the＋比较级．..”结构。‎ ‎23．(2014·广东，22) She was ________ (surprise) helpful.‎ ‎23．surprisingly句意：她出乎意料地有帮助。修饰形容词helpful用副词surprisingly“出乎意料地”。‎ ‎24．(2014·广西，27) Raymond's parents wanted him to have the ________ (good) possible education.‎ ‎24．best句意：雷蒙德的父母想让他接受最好的教育。the best意为“最好的”，是固定用法。‎ ‎25．(2014·湖北，28) Instead of blaming the child who had broken the vase，she gave him a ________ (tolerance) smile and let him go.‎ ‎25．tolerant句意：她并没有责备那个打碎了花瓶的孩子，而是给了他一个宽容的微笑，让他走了。本空要填的词作名词smile的定语，所以用形容词tolerant“宽容的”。‎ ‎26．(2014·安徽，33) It's our hope that we will play a greater role in the market place and，________，supply more jobs.‎ ‎26．therefore句意：我们将在市场上发挥更大的作用，并因此提供更多的工作机会，这是我们的希望。由前面的a greater role与空后的more jobs可知，本空要填的词需要表示因果关系，故用therefore“因此；所以”。‎ ‎1．分析形容词或副词在句子中所作的成分和起的作用。作表语时除了地点副词外均用形容词；作定语时，若前置须用形容词，若后置可能用地点副词或形容词短语；作状语时除了有少数几个能表示主语情况的形容词外，一般为副词。‎ ‎2．分析句意及其修饰词，查看形容词和副词的形式。如有“in＋范围”或“of＋范围”来限定范围，需用最高级形式。‎ ‎3．分析句子结构，查看形容词或副词的形式。如than...，the more...，the more...；can't...more...等须用比较级形式。‎ ‎4．注意一些习惯表达，查看形容词或副词的形式。如sooner or later，what's more/worse等。‎ ‎ (2015·陕西) I thought the biscuits were really well.‎ ‎【解析】well→good句意：我认为这些饼干确实很好。well为形容词作表语时，意为“身体好”；good作表语时，意为“(质量、品德等)好的”。根据句意可知，此处指饼干质量好，应用good。‎ ‎ (2014·四川) Don't panic or get out of line，and try to remain quiet and calmly.‎ ‎【解析】calm→calmly句意：不要惊慌或乱套，而要设法保持安静和冷静。此句中remain为系动词，后接形容词作表语。‎ ‎1．准确理解句意，分析句子结构，判断空格处要填的词在句子中作什么成分。如果用来修饰名词或位于系动词后作表语，应为形容词；如果用来修饰形容词、副词、动词或整个句子，则为副词。‎ ‎2．观察空格后是否有表示比较的提示词than，表示比较范围的in/of短语、定语从句，使用比较级的固定句式，如“the＋比较级．..，the＋比较级．..”结构等，以此判断是否需要填形容词或副词的比较等级。另外，解题时还要注意上下文提供的一些暗示信息。‎ ‎ (2015·新课标Ⅱ，49/50) As ________ (nature) architects，the Pueblo Indians figured out exactly ________ thick the adobe walls needed to be to make the cycle work on most days.‎ ‎【解析】natural；how句意：作为天生的建筑师，小城镇的印第安人精确地计算出土坯房的墙壁需要多厚来使这个循环在大部分时间运作。形容词修饰名词，natural“天生的”；第二空填how表示程度，意为“多么”，后面接形容词或副词。‎ ‎ (2014·新课标Ⅰ，66) Finally，that hard work paid off and now the water in the river is ________ (clean) than ever.‎ ‎【解析】cleaner句意：终于，那份艰辛的付出有了回报，现在河里的水比之前干净。根据后面的than可知应填比较级。‎