【英语】2020届二轮复习语法专题形容词、副词和比较等级学案

【英语】2020届二轮复习语法专题形容词、副词和比较等级学案

‎2020届二轮复习语法专题形容词、副词和比较等级学案 ‎ [思维导图]‎ Ⅰ.形容词和副词的基本用法 ‎1．评注性状语 有些副词，如fortunately，luckily，surprisingly，honestly，actually，personally等作评注性状语，往往修饰整个句子，它们常位于句首，且有逗号与后面的句子分开。‎ ‎2．连接副词 ‎(1)表递进：besides，further，then，moreover，still等。‎ ‎(2)表结果：therefore，consequently，accordingly，thus等。‎ ‎(3)表转折：though，instead，otherwise，however，yet等。‎ ‎(4)表等同：similarly，equally等。‎ ‎(5)表对比：rather，oppositely等。‎ ‎(6)表概括：altogether，generally等。‎ ‎(7)表列举：first(ly)，second(ly)，finally等。‎ ‎(8)表同位：namely等。‎ ‎(9)表时间：meanwhile，sometimes，occasionally等。‎ ‎(10)表特指：mainly，mostly，particularly，especially等。‎ ‎(11)表让步：anyway，anyhow等。‎ I don’t like it; besides，it’s too expensive.‎ 我不喜欢它，而且它太贵了。‎ Playing on a frozen sports field sounds like a lot of fun.Isn’t it rather risky，though?‎ 在结冰的运动场地上玩耍听起来很有趣，然而，这难道不是太冒险吗？‎ ‎3．易混淆的词 beside 在旁边 besides 此外，而且 late 迟的，晚的 later 多久以后latest 最近的，最新的 ago 以前(以现在为起点)‎ before 以前(以过去为起点)‎ somewhere 某处 everywhere 到处 high 在高处；高 highly 高度地；很；非常 wide 充分地 widely 广泛地；普遍地 deep 深深地 deeply 深刻地；深沉地 free 免费地 freely 自由地；畅通地 close 接近；紧挨着 closely 仔细地；紧密地 hard 努力地 hardly 几乎不 near 在附近 nearly 几乎，差不多 Ⅱ.比较级和最高级 一、形容词与副词比较等级的构成 形容词和副词的比较等级分为：原级、比较级和最高级。原级即形容词和副词的原形。比较级和最高级的词形变化分规则变化和不规则变化两种。‎ ‎1．规则变化 词形分类及变化构成 原级 比较级 最高级 单音节词和少数双音节词 一般加－er或－est tall long taller longer tallest longest 以e结尾的，只加－r或－st nice fine nicer finer nicest finest 以重读闭音节结尾且末尾只有一个辅音字母的，先双写该辅音字母再加－er或－est big hot fat bigger hotter fatter biggest ‎ hottest fattest happy happier happiest ‎ 以“辅音字母＋y”结尾的，先变y为i再加－er或－est easy easier easiest 其他双音节词和多音节词 在前面加more或most difficult beautiful more difficult more beautiful most difficult most beautiful ‎[名师指津] 表示“最高程度”的形容词，如excellent，extreme，perfect等，没有最高级，也不能用比较级。‎ ‎2．不规则变化 原级 比较级 最高级 good/well better best bad (badly)/ill worse worst many/much more most little less least far farther/further farthest/furthest old older/elder oldest/eldest 二、形容词与副词比较等级的用法 ‎1．平级比较 ‎(1)用as...as...，not...as/so...as引导 Henry is a worker as good as Peter (is)．‎ 亨利和彼得一样都是好工人。‎ Henry does not have as/so many books as I have.‎ 亨利的书不如我的多。‎ ‎(2)as＋形容词＋as＋数量词＝数量词＋形容词 The building is as tall as 100 meters.‎ ‎＝The building is 100 meters tall.‎ 这幢楼有100米高。‎ ‎2．表示比较的特殊结构 ‎(1)表示一方程度随另一方程度平行变化时，用“the＋比较级，the＋比较级”，意为“越……就越……”。‎ The busier he is，the happier he feels.‎ 他越忙就越感到高兴。‎ ‎(2)不与其他事物相比较，表示本身程度的改变时，用“比较级＋and＋比较级”结构，意为“越来越……”。‎ Our school is becoming more and more beautiful.‎ 我们学校变得越来越漂亮了。‎ ‎(3)表示“和……一样不……”时，用“no＋比较级＋than”结构。‎ You are no taller than I.‎ 你和我一样矮。‎ ‎3．比较级形式表示最高级意义的表达方式 否定式谓语＋比较级：‎ ‎·比较级＋than any other＋单数名词 ‎·比较级＋than all the other＋复数名词 ‎·比较级＋than anyone/anything else ‎·比较级＋than any of the other＋复数名词 ‎·比较级＋than the rest of＋复数名词或不可数名词 I have never spent a more worrying day.‎ 这是我度过的最令人焦虑的一天。‎ Every morning he arrives earlier than any other student in the class.‎ ‎＝Every morning he arrives earlier than all the other students in the class.‎ ‎＝Every morning he arrives earlier than anyone else in the class.‎ ‎＝Every morning he arrives earlier than any of the other students in the class.‎ ‎＝Every morning he arrives earlier than the rest of students in the class.‎ 每天早上他都是班里来得最早的学生。‎ ‎4．最高级的句型 ‎(1)形容词最高级(＋名词)＋表示范围的状语 She is the most active student in our class.‎ 她是我们班最活跃的学生。‎ ‎(2)one of＋形容词最高级＋名词复数 Shanghai is one of the biggest cities in our country.‎ ‎＝Shanghai is among the biggest cities in our country.‎ 上海是我国最大的城市之一。‎ ‎(3)序数词＋形容词最高级＋名词 Africa is the second largest continent in the world.‎ 非洲是世界上第二大洲。‎ ‎5．比较级和最高级的修饰语 ‎(1)修饰比较级的常用词和短语有rather，much，still，even，a lot，a little，a great deal，(by) far，a bit等。‎ The students study even harder than before.‎ 学生们比以前学习更努力了。‎ ‎(2)常用的最高级的修饰语有by far，nearly，almost，by no means，not really以及序数词等。‎ I’d like to buy the second most expensive camera.‎ 我想买便宜一点的照相机。‎ ‎[名师指津] by far通常用来修饰最高级，但也可修饰比较级，修饰比较级时，一般放在比较级后面，若在前面，应在两者之间加the。‎ The book is better by far than that one.‎ 这本书要比那本书好得多。‎ He is by far the taller of the two brothers.‎ 他是两兄弟中较高的那一个。‎ ‎6．倍数表达法 ‎·倍数＋as＋形容词/副词原级＋as ‎·倍数＋形容词/副词的比较级＋than ‎·倍数＋the＋名词＋of ‎·倍数＋what从句 Our classroom is three times as large as theirs.‎ ‎＝Our classroom is three times larger than theirs.‎ ‎＝Our classroom is three times the size of theirs.‎ 我们的教室是他们教室的三倍大。‎ The length of the road is four times what it was three years ago.‎ 这条路的长度是三年前的四倍。‎ 看到四种情况，想到比较等级 一、看到与than连用，要想到用比较级 ‎[例1] Finally，that hard work paid off and now the water in the river is________(clean) than ever.(新课标全国卷Ⅰ)‎ ‎[分析] cleaner　[根据后面的than可知此处要用比较级，因此要用cleaner。]‎ 二、看到and，but，or等连词前或后用的比较等级形式，要想到用比较等级 ‎[例2] They were also the best and ________(bad) years in my life.(2016·全国卷Ⅲ改编)‎ ‎[分析] worst　[由并列连词and前面的“the best”可知，此处应用形容词的最高级形式。]‎ 三、看到语境中暗含的比较含义，要想到用比较级(二者之间)或最高级(三者及以上)‎ ‎[例3] After our plane landed，we went to the hotel.We had made our reservation six months ________ (early)，but the man at the front desk said there had been a mistake.(广东高考)‎ ‎[分析] earlier　[由had made可知该动作发生在到达旅馆之前，故应该是早在六个月之前我们就已经预订了，故用比较级earlier。]‎ 四、看到下列固定搭配，要想到比较等级 ‎1．the＋比较级．..，the＋比较级．..‎ ‎[例4] The________(hard) you try to beat him，the more likely you will get hit.(辽宁高考)‎ ‎[分析] harder　[分析句子结构可知此句为“the＋比较级．..，the＋比较级．..”句式，表示“越……，就越……”。故填harder。]‎ ‎2．the＋最高级＋标志性词语或从句 ‎[例5] My mum makes the ________(good) biscuits in the world，so I decided to ask her for help.(陕西高考改编)‎ ‎[分析] best　[此处前面有the，后面有表示范围的“in the world”，所以应该用形容词的最高级。]‎ 单句语法填空 ‎1．According to a review of evidence in a medical journal，runners live three years ________ (long) than non－runners.(2018·全国卷Ⅰ)‎ 答案　longer　[根据空后的than和句意可知，此处应该使用比较级形式，故填longer。]‎ ‎2．Corn uses less water ________ rice and creates less fertilizer (化肥) runoff.(2018·全国卷Ⅱ)‎ 答案　than　[由句意和less可知，此处应该使用比较级结构，less是little的比较级，than引出比较对象。]‎ ‎3．He screams the ________ (loud) of all.(2018·全国卷Ⅲ)‎ 答案　loudest　[联系上文内容以及下文的of all可知此处应用最高级。]‎ ‎4．There could be an even ________(high) cost on your health.(2018·浙江高考)‎ 答案　higher　[根据even可判断，此处要用形容词的比较级，表示付出比钱更高的代价。]‎ ‎5．As a result，people will eat more food to try to make up for that something missing.Even________(bad)，the amount of fast food that people eat goes up.(2017·全国卷Ⅰ)‎ 答案　worse　[根据语境可知，此处表示程度的加深，所以用比较级形式，even worse表示“更糟糕的是”。]‎ ‎6．Sixteen years________(early)，Pahlsson had removed the diamond ring to cook a meal.(2017·浙江高考)‎ 答案　earlier　[固定表达sixteen years earlier表示“早在16年前”‎ ‎。此时的earlier相当于before，一般直接跟在时间名词的后面。]‎ ‎7．If you feel stressed by responsibilities at work，you should take a step back and identify (识别) those of________(great) and less importance.(2016·全国卷Ⅱ)‎ 答案　greater　[根据后面的“and less”可知，此处也要用比较级形式。]‎ Ⅰ.单句语法填空 ‎1．Please don’t misunderstand me.But don’t you think we should take things a bit easier (easy)，darling？(2019·温州模拟)‎ ‎2．The book’s survival offered the chance to learn more (much) about Chinese culture and music after 210 years of silence.(2019·学军中学模拟)‎ ‎3．The more (much) we do for those in need，the happier we’ll be.(2019·郑州一模)‎ ‎4．Road safety has aroused wider (wide) attention of the public than before.(2019·余姚中学模拟)‎ ‎5．Half an hour later，I managed to find the correct answer.(2019·宁波效实中学模拟)‎ ‎6．Secondly，if you don’t want to waste time，divide the group task among all group members to make the job easier (easy)．(2019·金华模拟)‎ ‎7．English is widely(wide) used in governments，markets，service centers and other fields.(2019·宁波模拟)‎ ‎8．The other two had run away，but they followed the big man closely(close) and caught him.(2019·衢州模拟)‎ ‎9．The Silk Road opened up in the Han Dynasty leading to the Middle and Western Asia and even__Rome.(2019·温州中学模拟)‎ ‎10．During the end of the 19th century and the beginning of 20th century，Beijing Opera finally formed and became the biggest(big) of all operas in China.(2019·嘉兴联考)‎ Ⅱ.语法填空 ‎(2019·郑州模拟)We’re surrounded by different colors.But you may not know color has a 1.________ (big) impact on your life than you might realize.For ‎ example，the colors of your walls have a direct effect on your mood.Therefore，it should come as no surprise that major airlines keep this in mind as well.‎ For not－so－frequent fliers，2.________ (fly) in the air may not be what they want.They may fear something bad would happen.They may suffer 3.________ (anxious)．According to Boeing，blue is universally regarded 4.________ a peaceful color—and that may help remove your fears about flying.‎ ‎“The color of the sky，bright and sunny，5.________ (help) lower heart rate，decrease blood pressure，and release dopamine in 6.________brain，” says Kelley Hopkins－Alvarez，a licensed professional counselor coach.‎ A study 7.________ (publish) in the Journal of Management Decision supports colors and psychology are 8.________ (direct) linked.“Managers can use colors to increase or decrease appetite，improve mood and calm down customers，” note the study findings.‎ But guess what? Using the color blue isn’t the only sneaky way that is being tried 9.________ (influence) your behavior by airlines.There’s a similar reason 10.________ you’ll find carpeting at your airline gate，too.‎ ‎【语篇解读】　飞机内部为什么要布置成蓝色的呢？原来是为了安抚乘客的情绪。‎ ‎1．bigger　[考查形容词比较级。根据 than you might realize可知需填big的比较级形式。]‎ ‎2．flying　[考查非谓语动词。这里缺少主语，故填v.－ing形式作句子的主语。]‎ ‎3．anxiety　[考查词性转换。根据suffer可知后面需填一个名词，故填anxious的名词形式。]‎ ‎4．as　[考查介词。regard...as意为“认为……是……”，后面可以接名词。]‎ ‎5．helps　[考查动词时态。句子的主语是The color of the sky，谓语需用三单形式。]‎ ‎6．the　[考查冠词。此处用the brain泛指我们的大脑。]‎ ‎7．published　[考查非谓语动词。a study是publish整个动作的承受者，故用过去分词作后置定语。]‎ ‎8．directly　[考查副词。此处用副词形式修饰linked。]‎ ‎9．to influence　[考查非谓语动词。这里是表目的，故需填带to的动词不定式。]‎ ‎10．why　[考查关系副词。根据a similar reason可知需填why引导定语从句。]‎