【英语】2018届二轮复习定语从句讲与练（含真题及解析）（11页）

【英语】2018届二轮复习定语从句讲与练（含真题及解析）（11页）

高一定语从句 语法归纳及练习 一、语法知识归纳 一、基本概念 ‎（一） 定语从句 在复合句中作定语，修饰名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。‎ ‎（二） 先行词 被定语从句所修饰的名词或代词。一般情况下，定语从句紧跟先行词。但也有因各种原因定语从句与先行词被分割的现象。‎ ‎（三）关系代词和关系副词 定语从句的引导词。与先行词关系密切，因此紧跟先行词，并在定语从句中充当一个成分。关系代词有：who, whom, which, that和whose, 另外，as也可充当关系代词。关系代词在定语从句中充当主语、宾语、表语和定语。关系副词有：when, where和why。在定语从句中充当状语。‎ 二、关系代词的用法 ‎（一）基本用法 根据先行词的不同，和在从句中所充当的成分不同，选用不同的关系代词。‎ 如下表：‎ 关系词 先行词 从句成分 例句 备注 关系代词 who 人 主语，宾语 Do you know the man who is talking with your mother?‎ whom, which和that在从句中做宾语时，常可以省略，但介词提前时后面关系代词不能省略，也不可以用that whom 人 宾语 Mr. Smith is the person with whom I am working The boy (whom) she loved died in the war.‎ whose 人，物 定语 I like those books whose topics are about history.‎ The boy whose father works abroad is my classmate. ‎ that 人，物 主语，宾语 A plane is a machine that can fly.‎ She is the pop star (that) I want to see very much.‎ which 物 主语，宾语 The book (which) I gave you was worth $10.‎ The picture which was about the accident was terrible.‎ as 人，物 主语，宾语 He is such a person as is respected by all of us.‎ This is the same pen as I lost yesterday. ‎ as做宾语一般不省略 例如：（注意关系代词在定语从句中所充当的成分）‎ ‎① Do you know the professor who/that will give us a speech next week? ‎ ‎② I read a report about his new novel that/ which will soon be published. ‎ ‎③ The plan that/which they argued about was settled at last. ‎ ‎④ This is the new secretary (who/whom/that) I would like to introduce to you. ‎ ‎⑤ The soldier whose legs were badly wounded was operated on without delay. ‎ 注意：关系代词在定语从句中充当宾语时可以省略，充当主语时则不能。‎ ‎（二）关系代词that代替which的一些情况 which, that 在代替物时，一般可以通用。‎ 但在有些情况下，只用 that。‎ ⑴ 先行词是最高级形容词或它的前面有最高级形容词修饰时。‎ 例如：‎ ‎① This is the best that has been used against pollution.‎ ‎② English is the most difficult subject that you will learn during these years.‎ ‎⑵ 先行词是序数词，或它前面有一个序数词时。‎ 例如：‎ ‎① This is the last place (that) I want to visit.‎ ‎② It is the first American movie of this kind that I’ve ever seen.‎ ‎⑶ 先行词是 all, much, little, something, everything, anything, nothing, none等代词时。‎ 例如：‎ ‎① You should hand in all that you have.‎ ‎② We haven’t got much that we can offer you.‎ ‎⑷ 先行词前面有the only, the very, any, few, little, no, all, much, every等修饰时。‎ 例如：‎ ‎① The only thing that we can do is to give you some money.‎ ‎② The little money (that) he had was stolen.‎ ‎（三）宜用who, 而不用that的一些情况 ‎⑴ 先行词是one, ones, anyone时。‎ 例如：‎ ‎① One who has nothing to fear for oneself dares to tell the truth.‎ ‎② Don’t tell anyone about the news who oughtn’t to know it.‎ ‎⑵先行词是those时。‎ 例如：‎ ‎① Those who were not fit for their work could not see the beautiful clothes made of the magic cloth.‎ ‎（四）其它情况 ‎⑴ 先行词既有人又有物时。‎ 例如：‎ ‎① Do you know the things and persons that they are talking about?‎ ‎② The bike and its rider that had run over an old man were taken to the police station.‎ ‎⑵ 主句已有疑问词who 或which时。‎ 例如：‎ ‎① Which is the bike that you lost?‎ ‎② Who is the woman that was praised at the meeting?‎ ‎（五）与whose有关的问题 ‎⑴ whose是代词的所有格，它既可以代人也可以代物。‎ 例如：‎ ‎① I saw a woman whose bag was stolen.‎ ‎② Please show me the book whose cover is red.‎ ‎⑵ 当whose表示物与物的所有格关系时，亦可用of which的形式。‎ 例如：‎ ‎① The building whose roof you can see from here is a new restaurant.‎ ‎→ The building, the roof of which you can see from here, is a new restaurant.或 ‎→ The building, of which the roof you can see from here is a new restaurant.‎ 三、介词前提的问题 关系代词在定语从句中充当介词宾语时，介词可以前提至关系代词前。‎ 例如：‎ Have you seen the pen (which) I wrote the note with just now? （which作介词with的宾语）‎ ‎→Have you seen the pen with which I wrote the note just now? ‎ 但是，要注意的是：‎ ‎⑴ 介词前提后，先行词是人或物，关系代词分别只能用whom和which，而不再用that或who。‎ ‎⑵ 介词前提后，关系代词不再能省略。‎ ‎⑶ 有些含有介词的短语动词中的介词不能前提，如：look for, look after, take care of等。‎ 例如：‎ ① 错误：Who is the old man to that you were talking to?‎ 正确：Who is the old man to whom you were talking ? 或 Who is the old man (that/ whom) you were talking to?‎ ② 错误：These are the sheep of which the boy took care.‎ 正确：These are the sheep (which/that) the boy took care of.‎ 四、关系代词在从句中作主语时，从句中的主谓一致 关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，从句的谓语动词在人称和数上应与先行词一致。‎ 例如：‎ ① Who is the guy that is reading over there?‎ ② The number of people that are going to the exhibition is expected to be over 25,000.‎ ③ All that needs to be done has been done.‎ ④ He is one of the students who use computer a lot for study.‎ ⑤ Timmy is the only one of the pupils that has failed the exam.‎ 例③中的all意为“一切”，作单数。例⑤中没通过考试的学生事实上只有一人，因此谓语动词也用单数。‎ that与which, who, whom的用法区别：‎ 情况 用法说明 例句 只用that的情况 1． 先行词为all, everything, anything, nothing, little, much,等不定代词时。‎ 2． 先行词被all, any, every, each, much, little, no, some, few等修饰时 3． 先行词有形容词最高级和序数词修饰时 4． 先行词既指人又指物时 5． 先行词被the only, the very修饰时 ‎1. He told me everything that he knows.‎ ‎2. All the books that you offered have been given out.‎ ‎3. This is the best film that I have ever read.‎ ‎4. We talked about the persons and things that we remembered.‎ ‎5. He is the only man that I want to see.‎ 1． 句中已经有who或which时，为了避免重复时 ‎6. Who is the man that is making a speech?‎ 只用which, who, whom的情况 1． 在非限制性定语从句中，只能用which指代物，用who/whom指人 2． 在由“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句中，只能用which指物，whom指人。‎ 3． 先行词本身是that时，关系词用which, 先行词为those, one, he时多用who。‎ ‎1. He has a son, who has gone abroad for further study.‎ ‎2. I like the person to whom the teacher is talking.‎ ‎3. Those who respect others are usually respected by others.‎ 高考题回顾 A组　2016～2014年各省市高考题（改编）‎ ‎1．(2016·全国Ⅰ，65)My connection with pandas goes back to my days on a TV show in the mid－1980s, ________ I was the first Western TV reporter.‎ ‎2．(2016·全国Ⅱ，阅读A)Simon is a comedian and actor ________has 10 years’ experience of teaching comedy.‎ ‎3．(2016·全国Ⅱ，阅读D)Frank Hurley, a confident and gifted Australian photographer who knew the Antarctic, was hired to make the images, most of ________have never before been published.‎ ‎4．(2016·全国Ⅲ，47)Some people think that the great Chinese scholar Confucius，________lived from roughly 551 to 479 B．C, influenced the development of chopsticks.‎ ‎5．(2016·全国Ⅲ，完形)When I was 13 my only purpose was to become the star on our football team.That meant beating out Miller King, ________was the best player at our school.‎ ‎6．(2016·北京，22)I live next door to a couple________children often make a lot of noise.‎ ‎7．(2016·四川，阅读C)I prefer to work in black and white, ________ allows me to show different specific worlds more clearly.‎ ‎8．(2016·四川，阅读D)Researchers have discovered that “night milk” contains more melatonin(褪黑激素), ________has been proven to help people feel sleepy and reduce anxiety.‎ ‎9．(2016·四川，短文改错)The dishes what I cooked were Mom’s favorite.________‎ ‎10．(2016·江苏，23)Many young people, most of________were well－educated，headed for remote regions to chase their dreams.‎ ‎11．(2016·浙江，11)Scientists have advanced many theories about why human beings cry tears, none of ________ has been proved.‎ ‎12．(2015·江苏，21)The number of smokers, ________ is reported, has dropped by 17 percent in just one year.‎ ‎13．(2015·湖南，29)It is a truly delightful place, ________ looks the same as it must have done 100 years ago with its winding streets and pretty cottages.‎ ‎14．(2015·浙江，19)Creating an atmosphere in ________ employees feel part of a team is a big challenge.‎ ‎15．(2015·重庆，14)He wrote many children's books, nearly half of ________ were published in the 1990s.‎ ‎16．(2015·四川，3)The books on the desk，________ covers are shiny，are prizes for us.‎ ‎17．(2015·安徽，28)Some experts think reading is the fundamental skill upon________school education depends.‎ ‎18．(2015·福建，34)China Today attracts a worldwide readership，________ shows that more and more people all over the world want to learn about China.‎ ‎19．(2014·安徽，22)The exact year ________ Angela and her family spent together in China was 2008.‎ ‎20．(2014·北京，26)I borrowed the book Sherlock Holmes from the library last week，________ my classmates recommended to me.‎ ‎21．(2014·山东，10)A company ________ profits from home markets are declining may seek opportunities abroad.‎ ‎22．(2014·重庆，9)We'll reach the sales targets in a month ________ we set at the beginning of the year.‎ ‎23．(2014·四川，4)Until now，we have raised 50,000 pounds for the poor children，________ is quite unexpected.‎ ‎24．(2014·陕西，13)Please send us all the information ________ you have about the candidate for the position.‎ ‎25．(2015·北京，24)Opposite is St.Paul's Church, ________ you can hear some lovely music.‎ ‎26．(2015·陕西，15)As the smallest child of his family，Alex is always longing for the time ________he should be able to be independent.‎ ‎27．(2015·天津，15)The boss of the company is trying to create an easy atmosphere ________ his employees enjoy their work.‎ ‎28．(2014·江苏，22)The book has helped me greatly in my daily communication，especially at work ________ a good impression is a must.‎ ‎29．(2014·福建，31)Students should involve themselves in community activities ________ they can gain experience for growth.‎ ‎30．(2014·浙江，5)I didn't become a serious climber until the fifth grade，________ I went up to rescue a kite that was stuck in the branches of a tree.‎ B组　2016～2015模拟精选题 ‎1．(2016·东北三省四校联考)Prince William took a visit to the Forbidden City on Feb.28，________emperors once lived.‎ ‎2．(2016·安庆一中模拟)Water rafting，________courage plays an important role, is a breathtaking outdoor sport.‎ ‎3．(2016·天水模拟)He worked in a car factory for four years，after________he founded his own company in his hometown.‎ ‎4．(2016·福建泉州三月质检)The stadium is very splendid and attractive in appearance，________may be imagined.‎ ‎5．(2016·浙江瑞安八校联考)Now their talks have reached a key stage ________ one side must give in to the other.‎ ‎6．(2016·陕西临潼华清中学模拟)He wrote a long letter ________ he explained what had happened in the accident.‎ ‎7．(2016·广州六校联考)We are hoping for support from Mr.Webster，without ________ support we can’t make it.‎ ‎8．(2015·衡阳八中一模)Jane paused in front of a counter ________ some attractive ties were on display.‎ ‎9．(2015·湖南十三校联考)He desired to follow that girl，but longed for the woman ________ spirit had truly companioned and supported him.‎ ‎10．(2015·陕西咸阳模拟)Maybe you have a habit ________ is driving your family crazy.‎ ‎11．(2015·四川绵阳二诊)Nick’s guests，________ had heard their conversation，asked why they should not buy salt more cheaply if they could.‎ ‎12．(2015·福州六校质检)However there are times ________ urgent things are most important as well，for example，helping a crying baby in the kitchen due to the fire stove.‎ ‎13．(2015·吉林一中月考)The people of Chu ________ mourned Qu’s death threw rice into the river to feed his ghost every year on the day of his death.‎ ‎14．(2015·乌鲁木齐一中月考)Once upon a time there was a rich merchant ________ had 4 wives.‎ ‎15．(2015·河南新乡一中月考)In the following years，there were fewer drop－outs and more college graduates in my village，________ I am proud of even today.‎ ‎16．(2015·河北正定中学月考)The lazy boy is expecting a way in ________ he can get through the exams without hard work.‎ ‎17．(2015·内蒙古师大附中月考)The boss ________ company I worked in two years ago has much experience in solving such kind of problem.‎ ‎18．(2015·湖南衡阳八中月考)So I decided to leave home for New York，________I might have a better chance to find a good job.‎ ‎19．(2015·河北石家庄二中开学考)Third，we may fall behind others，________ makes us stressed.‎ ‎20．(2015·甘肃民乐一中诊断)All of a sudden，her handicap was gone and all I saw was this beautiful girl，________ smile just melted me.‎ 参考答案 A组　2016～2014年各省市高考题（改编）‎ ‎1．when　由句子结构可以判断这是一个定语从句，先行词是表示时间的in the mid－1980s，从句中缺少状语，因此填写关系副词when。]‎ ‎2．who/that　考查定语从句的关系代词，先行词是a comedian and actor，在从句中做主语，所以用who或者that。] ‎ ‎3．which　考查定语从句。介词后跟关系代词，先行词为images，所以用which。]‎ ‎4．who　考查定语从句。后面是非限制性定语从句，先行词指人，故用who。]‎ ‎5．who　考查定语从句。先行词为Miller King，故用who。]‎ ‎6．whose　考查定语从句。句意：我住在一对夫妇的隔壁，他们的孩子经常弄出很大的噪音。先行词为couple，由句意可知children与couple之间为所属关系，故用关系代词whose。]‎ ‎7．which　考查非限制性定语从句，从句中缺少主语，先行词是前面的整个句子。]‎ ‎8．which　考查非限制性定语从句，从句中缺少主语，先行词是melatonin。]‎ ‎9．what→which/that或去掉what　考查定语从句，并在从句中作宾语，指物，用关系代词that/which，也可省略。]‎ ‎10．whom　考查定语从句的用法。句意：很多年轻人前往偏远地区去追逐他们的梦想，他们中的很多人都受过良好教育。根据句子结构可知，此处为定语从句，先行词为Many young people，作介词of的宾语，故要用whom。]‎ ‎11．which　考查定语从句。句意：科学家们已经提出许多关于人类为什么哭泣会流泪的理论，其中没有一个已被证明的。分析句子成分可知，空处引导定语从句，此处是非限制性定语从句，which代替many theories，故应用 which引导该定语从句。]‎ ‎12.as　句意：据报道，吸烟者的数量在一年内下降了17%。as引导的定语从句，在这里作主语，意为“正如……，这一点”，代替整个主句的内容。]‎ ‎13．which　句意：这真是一个令人开心的地方，它看起来和一百年前一模一样，有着蜿蜒的街道和漂亮的小屋。which代替先行词place，在定语从句中用作主语，引导非限制性定语从句。不可用that。]‎ ‎14．which　句意：创造一种使员工感到自己是团队一部分的氛围是一大挑战。先行词为an atmosphere，在从句中作地点状语，此处in which相当于where。作介词宾语不可用that。]‎ ‎15．which　句意：他写了很多的儿童书，其中接近一半是在20世纪90年代出版的。根据句子结构以及选项可知是考查非限制性定语从句，从句中缺少主语。此处关系代词which代指前面的books，作介词of的宾语。]‎ ‎16．whose　考查定语从句。句意：桌上的书是给我们的奖励，那些书的封面闪闪发光。本题考查非限制性定语从句的连接词，先行词为the books，和covers之间是所有关系，故用whose。]‎ ‎17．which　句意：一些专家认为阅读是学校教育所依赖的基本技能。 考查定语从句。depend on/upon依靠，依赖，介词后只能用which或whom来构成定语从句的引导词， 先行词为物，故用which。]‎ ‎18．which　句意：《中国日报》吸引了全世界的读者，这表明世界上越来越多的人想了解中国。先行词是前面的整个主句，在从句中作主语，用which来引导。]‎ ‎19．which/that/不填　考查定语从句。句意：Angela和她的家人一起呆在中国的那一年是2008年。先行词the exact year在定语从句中作spent的宾语且指物，故用which也可用that或省略。]‎ ‎20．which　考查非限制性定语从句。句意：上个星期，我从图书馆借了同学给我推荐的《大侦探福尔摩斯》。先行词the book在定语从句中作recommend的宾语，所以要用关系代词，先行词是物，故用which。]‎ ‎21．whose　考查定语从句。句意：利润来源于国内市场且在下降的公司可以到国外寻找机会。此处关系代词whose作定语。]‎ ‎22．which　考查定语从句。句意：一个月之后我们就能完成年初制定的销售目标。先行词targets在从句中作set的宾语，故要用关系代词which。]‎ ‎23．which　考查定语从句关系词的用法。显然这是一个非限制性定语从句。句意：到目前为止我们已经为贫困儿童筹集了5万英镑，这是我们始料未及的。which指代整个主句。]‎ ‎24．that　考查定语从句。句意：请把所有有关这个职位候选人的信息发给我们。先行词information在定语从句中充当have的宾语，前面又有all来修饰，故只能用that，不用which。]‎ ‎25.where　句意：对面是圣保罗教堂，在那里你可以听到一些优美的音乐。先行词是St.Paul's Church，从句主谓宾成分完整，去掉空后依然是完整的句子，可推断出关系词在从句中作的是地点状语，故用where。]‎ ‎26．when　句意：作为家里最小的孩子，Alex总是盼望着他有独立的时间。考查定语从句。定语从句的先行词是time，后面的从句是完整的句子，先行词在从句中充当状语，所以填when。]‎ ‎27．where　句意：该公司的老板试图创造轻松的氛围，这样他的员工就可以享受工作的乐趣。考查定语从句。先行词为an easy atmosphere，在从句中作地点状语，故要用where。]‎ ‎28．where　考查定语从句的引导词。句意：这本书在我的日常交流中帮了很大的忙，尤其是在良好印象是一项必要条件的工作中。根据句式结构该定语从句中work是先行词，指事物，在从句中作抽象概念的地点状语，故用where。]‎ ‎29．where　考查定语从句。句意：学生应该潜心于社区活动之中，在这些活动中，他们可以获取成长的经验。在定语从句中缺少地点状语，故用where。]‎ ‎30．when　考查定语从句。句意：直到五年级，我才真正会爬树，当时，我爬上一棵树，拿下了挂在树枝上的风筝。后面的定语从句是完整的句子；先行词为the fifth grade，表时间概念，所以填when。]‎ B组　2016～2015模拟精选题 ‎1．where　考查定语从句。句意：威廉王子在2月28日参观了紫禁城，皇帝曾在那里住过。the Forbidden City作先行词，在定语从句中作地点状语，故填where。]‎ ‎2．where　考查定语从句。句意：激流漂流是一项很刺激的户外运动，在这个运动上，勇气是十分重要的。从句中缺少状语，用where表示模糊的地点概念。]‎ ‎3．which　考查非限制性定语从句。句意：他在一家汽车公司里工作了四年，在那以后，他在他的家乡建立了他自己的公司。根据句意，可知要用关系代词which，介词后跟which。]‎ ‎4．as　本题考查的是as引导的非限制性定语从句，此时as指的是整个主句，在从句中担当主语，意为：正如。句意：正如想象的那样，体育馆从外表上看很壮丽，很吸引人。]‎ ‎5．where　考查定语从句。先行词是stage，从句是完整的句子，先行词表示模糊的地点概念，在从句中作状语，故用where引导。]‎ ‎6．where　句意：他写了一封信，在信中他解释了交通事故中所发生的事情。定语从句中，a long letter是先行词，从句中意思完整，不缺少成分，所以用关系副词where，表示在信中。]‎ ‎7．whose　考查定语从句的引导词。句意：我们正寻求韦伯斯特先生的支持，没有他的支持，我们不能成功。先行词和support之间是所属关系，作其定语，所以用whose。]‎ ‎8．where　考查限制性定语从句的引导词。先行词为a counter，在从句中作地点状语，故要用关系副词where。]‎ ‎9．whose　考查限制性定语从句的引导词。先行词是the woman，定语从句中名词spirit缺少定语，故要用whose。]‎ ‎10．that/which　考查限制性定语从句的引导词。habit是先行词，which或that引导的是定语从句，并且在从句中作主语，不能省略。]‎ ‎11．who　考查非限制性定语从句的引导词。先行词为Nick’s guests，指人，且在从句中作主语，故要用who。非限制性定语从句中不可用that引导。]‎ ‎12．when　考查限制性定语从句的引导词。先行词为times，在从句中作时间状语，故用关系副词when。]‎ ‎13．who/that　考查限制性定语从句。先行词是The people of Chu，在从句中作主语，故用who/that。]‎ ‎14．who/that　考查限制性定语从句。先行词为a rich merchant，在定语从句中作主语，故答案为who/that。]‎ ‎15．which　考查非限制性定语从句。从句中缺少宾语，指代上句内容，故用which。]‎ ‎16．which　考查限制性定语从句。那个懒惰的孩子正在期盼有一种能让他不付出努力就能通过考试的方法。虽然先行词为way，但前面有介词in，只能用关系代词which。]‎ ‎17．whose　考查限制性定语从句。两年前我工作的那个公司的老板在解决类似这种问题方面很有经验。先行词是the boss，company与the boss是所属关系，故用whose作company的定语。]‎ ‎18．where　考查非限制性定语从句。我决定到纽约去，在那里我可能会有机会找到更好的工作。先行词是New York，在定语从句中作地点状语，故用where 引导。]‎ ‎19．which　考查非限制性定语从句。由前面的句子和逗号判断此处是非限制性定语从句，从句中缺少主语，而且是指代前面句子内容，所以用which。]‎ ‎20．whose　考查非限制性定语从句的引导词。 先行词girl在从句中作定语，所以要用whose。]‎ ‎ ‎