【英语】2020届高考英语二轮专题复习冲刺学案（含练习）：阅读理解题型二

【英语】2020届高考英语二轮专题复习冲刺学案（含练习）：阅读理解题型二

题型二　推理判断题 语篇出处：2019年全国卷Ⅱ·B篇　语篇类型：记叙文　主题语境：志愿服务 ‎ “You can use me as a last resort (选择), and if nobody else volunteers, then I will do it.” This was an actual reply from a parent after I put out a request for volunteers for my kids' lacrosse (长曲棍球) club.‎ I guess that there's probably some demanding work schedule, or social anxiety around stepping up to help for an unknown sport. She may just need a little persuading. So I try again and tug_at_the_heartstrings. I mention the single parent with four kids running the show and I talk about the dad coaching a team that his kids aren't even on ... At this point the unwilling parent speaks up, “Alright. Yes, I'll do it.”‎ I'm secretly relieved because I know there's real power in sharing volunteer responsibilities among many. The unwilling parent organizes the meal schedule, sends out emails, and collects money for endofseason gifts. Somewhere along the way, the same parent ends up becoming an invaluable member of the team. The coach is able to focus on the kids while the other parents are relieved to be off the hook for another season. Handing out sliced oranges to bloodthirsty kids can be as exciting as watching your own kid score a goal.‎ Still, most of us volunteers breathe a sigh of relief when the season comes to a close. That relief is coupled with a deep understanding of why the same people keep coming back for more: Connecting to the community (社区) as you freely give your time, money, skills, or services provides a real joy. Volunteering just feels so good.‎ In that sense, I'm pretty sure volunteering is more of a selfish act than I'd freely like to admit. However, if others benefit in the process, and I get some reward too, does it really matter where my motivation lies？‎ ‎1.What can we infer about the parent from her reply in Paragraph 1？‎ A.She knows little about the club.‎ B.She isn't good at sports.‎ C.She just doesn't want to volunteer.‎ D.She's unable to meet her schedule.‎ ‎2.What does the underlined phrase “tug at the heartstrings” in Paragraph 2 mean？‎ A.Encourage teamwork. B．Appeal to feelings.‎ C.Promote good deeds. D．Provide advice.‎ ‎3.What can we learn about the parent from Paragraph 3？‎ A.She gets interested in lacrosse.‎ B.She is proud of her kids.‎ C.She'll work for another season.‎ D.She becomes a good helper.‎ ‎4.Why does the author like doing volunteer work？‎ A.It gives her a sense of duty.‎ B.It makes her very happy.‎ C.It enables her to work hard.‎ D.It brings her material rewards.‎ 题1：题干中关键词是“her reply in Paragraph 1”，由文章第一句“You can use me as a last resort (选择), and if nobody else volunteers, then I will do it.”可知，家长让把她当作最后的选择，如果没有其他人当志愿者，那么她就去。由此可推断出这位家长不想去当志愿者。选C。‎ 题2：第一段提到一个家长不愿意去当志愿者。由画线处所在句的上一句“She may just need a little persuading.”可知这位家长需要被劝说。下文作者提到有四个孩子的单亲妈妈主持了这个节目，一位孩子不在此队的父亲担任长曲棍球队的教练……由此可知，作者是为了以情动人。选B。‎ 题3：题干中关键词是“about the parent from Paragraph 3”，由第三段中的“Somewhere along the way, the same parent ends up becoming an invaluable member of the team.”这一细节可知，这位家长成了一个好帮手。选D。‎ 题4：题干中关键词为“Why does the author like doing volunteer work？”。文章中提到“Volunteering just feels so good.”，与B项中信息相匹配。选B。‎ 考法1　推断细节类—— “揣摩推敲”法 典例片段　(2019·湖南师大附中模考)When early automobiles first arrived on the scene in the late 19th century, few people could have imagined that they would one day take over the world. In fact, some towns of the United States found the noise and exhaust from these novel “horseless carriages” so disgusting that early cars were actually forbidden there.‎ ‎ ... ‎ So what is life like in place where one of the most powerful inventions in history has been banned? Well, it's quite nice, actually. ... They also save a huge amount of money that would normally go to commuting (往来) by cars.‎ What can we infer from the text？‎ A.Early cars were first shown on the stage.‎ B.Cars' popularity was expected at first.‎ C.Cars were described in a novel as disgusting.‎ D.Early cars were known as carriages without horses.‎ 第一步　题干定位：‎ 题干中的关键词是infer，是推断细节题。‎ 第二步　锁定信息：‎ 首段信息“early automobiles first arrived”“novel ‘horseless carriages’”和“early cars”。‎ 第三步　分析对比： ‎ 最早的汽车被看作没有马的四轮车。与选项D中信息匹配，故选D。‎ 考法2　推断观点态度类——“褒贬措辞”法 典例片段 (2019·青岛模考)During Amsterdam's chaotic rush hour, nineyearold Lotta Crok cycles to a very busy junction. ... ‎ Lotta is the first junior cycle mayor in the world. ... ‎ But children who cycle in Amsterdam face challenges, ...‎ Lotta became junior cycle mayor in June last year when she won a contest ... ‎ Since Lotta was appointed junior cycle mayor, ....‎ She is now planning a meeting with the city's mayor to discuss ideas ....‎ Following the success of the Amsterdam scheme, cycle mayors around the world are now planning to appoint junior colleagues. “They see it works really well，” Boerma, the senior major, says. “I talk to the parents, Lotta talks to the children. And ‎ if you look at the city through the eyes of a child, you will also make it accessible for others. A city that's good for an eightyearold is also good for an 88yearold.” ‎ What's Boerma's attitude to the junior cycle mayor？‎ A.Cautious. B．Favorable.‎ C.Ambiguous. D．Disapproving.‎ 第一步　题干定位：‎ 题干中的关键词是Boerma，可以定位到最后一段引号里的内容。‎ 第二步　锁定信息：‎ 文中信息是“works really well”和“A city ... is also good ... ”。显然是赞同的。‎ 第三步　对比选项： ‎ Cautious “谨慎的”；Favorable “赞成的”； Ambiguous “模糊的”；Disapproving “不赞成的”。故选B。‎ 考法3　推断写作意图类——“意图推断”法 典例片段　(2019·上海嘉定模考)This strange little boyman, never separated from a tin drum he is always banging, is our hero of the table ... ‎ This is an overview of the story of The Tin Drum, the most famous work by the German Nobelwinning author Günter Grass, who passed away on April 13 at the age of ‎ ‎87. The Tin Drum also established Grass as one of the leading authors of Germany ... He was called “Germany's conscience”， because he reminded Germans of a past during the Second World War (1933—1945) that many would have rather forgotten.‎ This sometimes made him unpopular ...‎ Grass was a man of the pen and the page and also a man with a gift for speaking to the public.‎ His writing was noisy and annoying, but one had to listen to it, a little like the sound of the drum banged by his most famous literary creation.‎ What is the author's purpose in writing the article？‎ A.To analyze what has made The Tin Drum so popular in Germany.‎ B.To introduce the readers to Günter Grass and his most famous work.‎ C.To present the history of Germany through the pen and page of Grass.‎ D.To give some background information about Grass's early life as a writer.‎ 第一步　主旨大意：‎ 开篇提到一个敲鼓的小男孩Günter Grass。‎ 第二步　锁定信息：‎ 第二段提到Günter Grass的成名作和作品风格；第三段提到他并不受人欢迎；最后一段总结他的写作手法就像敲鼓发出的声音一样。‎ 第三步　分析对比： ‎ 该文章属于人物传记类，描述的是Günter Grass和他的作品。与选项B中信息一致，故选B。‎ 考法4　文章出处题——“对号入座”法 典例片段 (2018·全国卷Ⅱ，B篇)Many of us love July because it's the month when nature's berries and stone fruits are in abundance. These colourful and sweet jewels from British Columbia's fields are little powerhouses of nutritional protection.‎ Of the common berries, strawberries are highest in vitamin C, although, because of their seeds, raspberries contain a little more protein (蛋白质), iron and zinc (not that fruits have much protein). Blueberries are particularly high in antioxidants (抗氧化物质). The yellow and orange stone fruits such as peaches are high in the carotenoids we turn into vitamin A and which are antioxidants. As for cherries (樱桃), they are so delicious who cares? However, they are rich in vitamin C.‎ ‎ ... ‎ From which is the text probably taken？‎ A.A biology textbook.‎ B.A health magazine.‎ C.A research paper.‎ D.A travel brochure.‎ 第一步　首段描述：‎ 这些来自不列颠哥伦比亚省土地上的色彩鲜艳的甜甜的宝贝就是营养保护的小集团。‎ 第二步　锁定信息：‎ 关键词：草莓、蓝莓、樱桃，维生素、蛋白质、抗氧化物质。‎ 第三步　分析推断： ‎ 应该是来自于健康和营养相关的书，即健康杂志，故选B。‎ ‎(2019·郑州一中模考)语篇类型：说明文　主题语境：自然灾害 There is always something that happens in the world that everyone fears will happen to their town, city or country: natural disasters. The scariest part of it is that no one will ever see it coming. Though technology helps us prepare, but it never actually tells the people when it's going to hit. It is always estimated but the result is never 100% accurate.‎ However, that is not the point of this article. Two different natural disasters in two ‎ different parts of the world have happened in the past few weeks. One was a major flood that has hit Louisiana in the United States. The other was an earthquake that hit Amatrice‎, ‎Italy. However, there is a major difference in the news coverage of the two tragedies.‎ As for the flooding in Louisiana, it is reported that this disaster is the worst to hit the United States since Superstorm Sandy and it'll cost at least $30 million. In only the first couple of weeks, 13 people had died. However, like me, many people did not hear about this tragic event. I did not learn about it until about three weeks after it happened.‎ In Italy, however, it covered all media instantly. The earthquake in Italy happened on Tuesday morning. That same day, I was on Twitter and that was all that was over the news feed. Every other post was about the earthquake. Some would have the opinion that Amatrice, Italy was one of the most beautiful towns in that country. I got in deep sorrow because there were more people killed in this quake than the flooding. So far, they have a total of 73 dead and over one hundred missing.‎ I understand that technically the earthquake in Italy was worse than the floods in Louisiana. However, I believe that if a natural disaster happens, they all should be equally covered and taken equally seriously. We are one world united and should be there for all of the people who are in need of help. We may not be able to accurately predict disasters but, we can surely lend a hand out for the needy.‎ 篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文，主要讲了两个不同的地方发生的不同自然灾害，但是对其报道却是不同的。作者认为自然灾害无大小，应该让人们及时知晓，这样人们就可以向受害者伸出援助之手。‎ ‎1.What really concerns the author about the two natural disasters？‎ A.The death and the injured.‎ B.The media report.‎ C.The government's responsibility.‎ D.Their economic loss.‎ 答案：B　推理判断题。根据第二段最后一句中的“there is a major difference in the news coverage of the two tragedies”可知，对于这两个自然灾害，作者关注的是媒体的报道。‎ ‎2.Why did the author learn about the flood so late？‎ A.He didn't care about the flood.‎ B.He felt nervous about the news.‎ C.The media didn't cover it in time.‎ D.The flood frightened the author a lot.‎ 答案：C　细节理解题。根据第三段最后一句“I did not learn about it until about three weeks after it happened.”‎ 可知，作者很晚才知道洪水的事情是因为媒体报道得晚。‎ ‎3.What can be inferred from the passage？‎ A.Italy isn't good at predicting the natural disasters.‎ B.All natural disasters should be covered equally.‎ C.The world should be united into one instantly.‎ D.America should help Italy predict natural disasters.‎ 答案：B　推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“I understand that technically the earthquake in Italy was worse than the floods in Louisiana. However, I believe that if a natural disaster happens, they all should be equally covered and taken equally seriously.”可知，所有的自然灾害都需要被平等地报道。‎ ‎4.How is the text mainly developed？‎ A.By making a comparison.‎ B.By following the time order.‎ C.By listing some examples.‎ D.By analyzing the causes.‎ 答案：A　推理判断题。本文通过讲述了两个地方发生的不同自然灾害来比对说明对自然灾害的报道有所偏差。‎ ‎　‎ disaster n. 灾难　tragedy n. 悲剧　accurately adv. 精确地 ‎　‎ 最后一段第二句：However, I believe that if a natural disaster happens, they all should be equally covered and taken equally seriously.‎ 译文：然而，我相信如果自然灾害发生的话，它们都应该被平等地报道并且受到同等关注。‎ 分析：这是一个主从复合句。that引导宾语从句，作动词believe的宾语。宾语从句中含有一个if引导的条件状语从句。‎ 专题强化训练(二)‎ ‎(1)‎ The robots are coming！‎ All the efforts you put into studying at university may not have been enough—because robots could be coming for your job. A new study finds that as many as 800 million workers could be replaced by robots by 2030.‎ The study from the McKinsey Global Institute estimates that “between 400 million and 800 million individuals could be replaced by automation (自动化) or robots and need to find new jobs by 2030 around the world”. It estimates that 30 percent of ‎ the hours people spend on working globally could have been automated by that time.‎ Those most affected will be people who work in “predictable environments” doing tasks such as operating machines and preparing fast food. Those who make a living collecting and processing data also face a high risk of being replaced by robots. But people who work in less predictable environments such as gardeners, plumbers, and childcare staff face a smaller risk, because their roles “are technically difficult to be automated and often command relatively lower wages, which makes automation a less attractive business proposition”.‎ However, it's not all doom (厄运) for the future of employment. The study notes that automation sometimes allows workers to remain employed in a different position. “Even when some tasks are automated, the employment rate in those occupations may not decline because workers may perform new tasks，” McKinsey & Company wrote in a release on its website.‎ It noted that China has the largest number of employees who would need to switch occupations, up to 100 million if automation was adopted rapidly, or 12 percent of the 2030 workforce. The numbers are higher in more advanced economies, with up to onethird of the 2030 workforce in America and Germany needing to switch occupations, along with nearly half of the 2030 workforce in Japan. Countries which fail to prepare workers for transition to new jobs will feel the impact of a rise in unemployment and depressed wages, according to the study.‎ 篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。研究报告预计，到2030年全球将有高达8亿人的工作被机器人和自动化操作取代。‎ ‎1.Why will lots of people need to find new jobs by 2030 around the world？‎ A.They don't put efforts into their study at university. ‎ B.The world's working population is on the steady increase.‎ C.They will be paid less with the development of technology.‎ D.Robots or automation will take the place of their positions.‎ 答案：D　细节理解题。由第一段和第二段的内容可知，很多工人需要重新找工作是因为预计到2030年他们将被机器人或自动化操作所取代。‎ ‎2.Which of the following jobs will be the least likely to be replaced by robots？‎ A.Machine operation. B．Fast food cooking. ‎ C.Childcare in kindergarten. D．Data collection.‎ 答案：C　细节理解题。由第三段的第三句并结合选项可知，幼儿园的儿童保育工作人员被机器人取代的可能性最小。‎ ‎3.What is the writer's attitude towards the future employment？‎ A.Optimistic.‎ B.Pessimistic.‎ C.Unconcerned and indifferent.‎ D.Having no personal preference.‎ 答案：D　推理判断题。文章前两段提到研究预测大量的工人会被机器人或自动化设备取代；第四段的首句提到对未来的就业来说，这并不一定是厄运；接下来又提到人们可以从事其他工作。从而可以看出作者对未来的就业形势态度客观，没有个人偏好。‎ ‎4.Which section does the article belong to？‎ A.Education. B．Technology.‎ C.Lifestyle. D．Business.‎ 答案：B　推理判断题。本文主要论述了麦肯锡全球研究院近期发布的研究报告，预计到2030年全球多达8亿工人将会被机器人或自动化操作取代。由常识可知机器人和自动化设备的核心技术——人工智能属于技术范畴，所以本文应属于科技类范畴。‎ ‎　‎ predictable adj. 可预见的；可预料的　occupation n. 职业；占有；消遣　adopt vt. 采用，采纳；收养 ‎　‎ 最后一段第一句：It noted that China has the largest number of employees who would need to switch occupations, up to 100 million if automation was adopted rapidly, or 12 percent of the 2030 workforce.‎ 译文：它指出，中国需要转换职业的员工数量最多，如果迅速采用自动化，该数量将达到1亿，或者占2030年劳动力总数的12%。‎ 分析：这是一个主从复合句，that引导宾语从句，作动词note的宾语。在宾语从句中，who引导定语从句，修饰先行词employees; if引导条件状语从句。‎ ‎(2)‎ The doll on my desk was important for me. Seeing it, I couldn't help thinking of Doris. Doris was a science teacher by profession, but she was also a very creative person. All around her room were dolls that she had made. ‎ From what I gathered from talking to Doris, she'd taken a class in doll making. One day while I was in her room she took one of the dolls out of the case to show me, saying this was the first doll she had ever made. This doll was very unusual with fine artistic work. The ceramic (陶瓷的) skirt was made of delicate ruffles (褶裥饰边). I was amazed that anyone could do such unique work.‎ As Doris was holding the doll very carefully she turned the doll in such a way that I could see a slight break in one of the ruffles on the skirt. Then she said, “Would you ‎ like me to tell you about this？” Of course, I was curious to know what happened.‎ Doris‎ said that on the way to class she bumped the side of the skirt. She said she was upset and almost didn't go to class at all. When it was her turn to show the doll to the teacher, she had to point out the break in the skirt. Doris felt for sure that the doll would be rejected (拒绝) because of it. Much to her surprise, the teacher told her she was just going to ignore this break and grade the doll on the other good qualities it had.‎ Doris‎ said the attitude from the teacher changed her life. If that teacher hadn't forgiven that small mistake, she would never have made the rest of the dolls.‎ This teacher could have made Doris feel ashamed by her mistake. But because of her willingness to ignore the mistake, Doris was sharing her kindness to the next generation.‎ 篇章导读：本文是一篇记叙文。作者看到桌子上的陶瓷娃娃想到了Doris，以及她和自己分享的一个温暖的故事。‎ ‎1.Why was the doll on the desk was important for the author？‎ A.It filled the author with kindness.‎ B.It reminded the author of Doris.‎ C.It conveyed what happened to Doris.‎ D.It was made by the author and his teacher.‎ 答案：B　细节理解题。由第一段第二句“Seeing it, I couldn't help thinking of Doris.”可知，作者看见这个娃娃就想到了Doris。‎ ‎2.How did the author know what happened to the special doll Doris took out？‎ A.By communicating with Doris.‎ B.By examining the artistic work.‎ C.By reading the sign on the doll.‎ D.By taking a class in doll making.‎ 答案：A　细节理解题。由第二段第一句中的“From what I gathered from talking to Doris”可知，作者与Doris交谈中得知该玩偶的独特之处。‎ ‎3.What do we know about Doris？‎ A.She was kind. B．She was curious.‎ C.She was honest. D．She was clumsy.‎ 答案：C　推理判断题。由第四段中的“When it was her turn to show the doll to the teacher, she had to point out the break in the skirt.”可知，当轮到她把玩偶展示给老师看的时候，她指出了裙子上的破损之处。她没有丝毫掩饰，说明她很诚实。‎ ‎4.What can we learn from this passage？‎ A.Ignore others' shame.‎ B.Share your kindness to others.‎ C.Focus more on your own mistakes.‎ D.Hold positive attitude to others' mistakes.‎ 答案：D　推理判断题。由第四段中的“grade the doll on the other good qualities it had”和第五段第一句“Doris said the attitude from the teacher changed her life.”可知，老师的态度改变了他的人生。由此说明我们对待别人的错误要宽容，即持有积极的态度。‎ ‎　‎ delicate adj. 精致的；微妙的；熟练的；纤弱的；易损的 unique adj. 独特的；唯一的，独一无二的　bump v. 碰，撞；颠簸而行 ‎　‎ 第五段第二句：If that teacher hadn't forgiven that small mistake, she would never have made the rest of the dolls.‎ 译文：如果老师没有包容那次小小的过失，她将永远不会制作其他的瓷器玩偶。‎ 分析：这是一个虚拟条件句，表示与过去事实相反，从句中的谓语动词用的是过去完成时态，主句中的谓语动词用的是would have done。‎ ‎(3)‎ The Unbelievable Survival from Bear Attacks This past October, I took an early morning hike in the Madison Valley in southwest Montana. Knowing that bears are common throughout the area and not wanting to surprise one, I shouted out, “Hey, bear！” every 30 seconds.‎ About three miles in, I stepped out into a meadow and shouted again. A few more steps and I spotted a brown bear with her babies on the trail at the upper end of the meadow. The sow saw me right away, and they all ran up the trail. But then she stopped, turned, and charged straight to me. I yelled so she would know I was human and hopefully turn back. No such luck. I gave her a full charge of bear spray at about 25 feet. Her momentum (冲力) carried her right through the orange cloud and onto me.‎ I dived face—first into the dirt and wrapped my arms around the back of my neck for protection. She was on top of me, biting my arms, shoulders, and backpack. The force of each bite was like a hammer with teeth. Over and over she bit me. After what felt like hours but was merely minutes, she disappeared, apparently satisfied that I caused no further threat. ‎ I tried to pick myself up, but my eyes were full of blood and I couldn't see. I knew that if she came back again, I'd be dead, so I wiped the blood from one eye and looked around. No bear. I stood up and moved quickly down the trail again. Fortyfive minutes later, I got into my truck and drove 17 miles to the hospital. It took doctors eight hours ‎ to treat the wounds on my arms and shoulder. A fiveinch cut along the side of my head will leave a terrible scar.‎ If you ever find yourself in this situation, know how to protect yourself from a brown bear.‎ 篇章导读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者在峡谷远足时，被大灰熊袭击，最后惊险脱逃的故事。作者借此告诉我们在危急关头，要学会用正确的方法保护自己。‎ ‎1.Why did the writer continuously say “Hey, bear！”？ ‎ A.He was looking for a brown bear.‎ B.He wanted to greet and feed a bear.‎ C.He knew the brown bear well in that area.‎ D.He didn't want to take any bear by surprise.‎ 答案：D　细节理解题。由第一段中的“Knowing that bears are common throughout the area and not wanting to surprise one”可知，了解到此地熊出没频繁，为了不碰到熊，作者每隔30秒大声喊出“Hey, bear！”‎ ‎2.What was the immediate reaction of the writer on seeing the brown bear? ‎ A.He stepped out into a meadow and shouted again.‎ B.He shot at her using a kind of spray to drive her off.‎ C.He yelled to tell her that he was there to protect her.‎ D.He threw some oranges towards her at about 25 feet.‎ 答案：B　细节理解题。由第二段中的“I gave her a full charge of bear spray at about 25 feet.”可知，作者向熊喷洒了一种喷雾剂。‎ ‎3.When did the brown bear go away? ‎ A.After she felt safe.‎ B.When she got injured.‎ C.Until she found some food.‎ D.Once she saw the blood of the writer.‎ 答案：A　推理判断题。由第三段最后一句“After what felt like hours but was merely minutes, she disappeared, apparently satisfied that I caused no further threat.”可知，在过了好像几小时实际上只有几分钟之后，她消失了，很明显感到作者不再对她构成威胁。也就是说，熊感到安全之后才离开的。‎ ‎4.What does the author suggest we do in face of emergency? ‎ A.Give right first aid to ourselves.‎ B.Protect ourselves in a proper way.‎ C.Move quickly away from the scene.‎ D.Rush to the doctor as quickly as possible.‎ 答案：B　推理判断题。由最后一段“If you ever find yourself in this situation,‎ ‎ know how to protect yourself from a brown bear.”可知，作者建议我们面对紧急情况时，要用正确的方法保护自己。‎ ‎　‎ spot v. 看见；发现　trail n. 小路，小径　apparently adv. 显然 ‎　‎ 第三段最后一句：After what felt like hours but was merely minutes, she disappeared, apparently satisfied that I caused no further threat.‎ 译文：好像过了几个小时但仅仅几分钟之后，她消失了，显然很满意我没有再造成任何威胁。‎ 分析：这是一个主从复合句。what引导宾语从句，作介词after的宾语；形容词satisfied后的that引导宾语从句。‎