【英语】2018届二轮复习介词在短文语法填空和短文改错中考查讲与练学案（10页word版）

【英语】2018届二轮复习介词在短文语法填空和短文改错中考查讲与练学案（10页word版）

‎2018届二轮复习 介词在短文语法填空和短文改错中考查讲与练 判定方法 应用体验 如果名词或代词在句中不作主语、表语或动词的宾语时，其前面一般是填介词。通常考查介词与动词、名词、形容词的搭配。‎ ‎①(2017·全国卷Ⅲ)After school she plans to take a year off to model fulltime before going to university to get a degree in engineering or architecture.‎ ‎②(2016·全国卷Ⅱ)Most of us are more focused on our tasks in the morning than we are later in the day.‎ ‎③(2016·全国卷Ⅰ)But my connection with pandas goes back to my days on a TV show in the mid1980s ...‎ ‎(一)几组常见介词的辨析 ‎1．表示时间的in, on, at 自主练悟 谨记规律 ‎①(2017·威海市模拟)He wrote this ‎ postcard and sent it to his lovely sister Nell in January 2017.‎ ‎②(2017·福州市模拟)On this day, the dead are said to return to their homes and they are welcomed by the living.‎ ‎③(2014·四川高考改编)Working in the garden at midnight tended to throw her timing off, so she didn’t care much about my bedtime.‎ ‎1.in表示在某段较长的时间内(如世纪、年代、月份等)或泛指上午、下午、晚上等。‎ ‎2.on表示在具体的日子或具体的某一天的上午、下午、晚上等。‎ ‎3.at表示某个时间点、时刻等。‎ ‎2．表示时间的in和after 自主练悟 谨记规律 ‎①(2014·北京高考改编)Jane is in a hurry because the train to the airport leaves in half an hour.‎ ‎②(2017·合肥市模拟)Behind him were other people to whom he was trying to talk, but after some minutes they walked away and sat near me, looking annoyed.‎ ‎1.in表示“在……时间之内/之后”，所在的句子必须表示将来。‎ ‎2.after表示“在……时间之后”，通常“after＋时间段”与过去时连用。‎ ‎3.表示方位的through和across 自主练悟 谨记规律 ‎①(2015·福建高考改编)A weak ray of light came in through a small hole in the wall and he was absorbed in his reading.‎ ‎②(2015·陕西高考改编)The little pupil took his grandma by the arm and walked her across the street.‎ ‎1.through表示“从……的内部穿过”。 ‎ ‎2.across表示“从……表面穿过”。‎ ‎4．表示交通方式的by和on/in 自主练悟 谨记规律 ‎①(2015·全国卷Ⅰ)For those who fly to Guilin, it’s only an hour away by car and offers all the scenery of the betterknown city.‎ ‎②(2014·安徽高考改编)Reading is the best way to pass time on the train.‎ ‎1.by后可直接跟涉及和不涉及交通工具的名词，名词前不加冠词。‎ ‎2.on/in后跟交通工具时，名词前应有冠词、物主代词、指示代词等修饰语。‎ ‎5．表示“用……”的by, in, with 自主练悟 谨记规律 ‎①(2017·济南市模拟)Mr Li makes a living by driving taxis.‎ ‎②(2015·湖北高考改编)There is no doubt that this candidate’s advantage lies in his ability to communicate with foreigners in English.‎ ‎③(2016·全国卷Ⅲ)In India, for example, most people traditionally eat with their hands.‎ ‎1.by指“靠……手段，用……方法，凭借……”，后可接名词、代词或动名词。‎ ‎2.in多用于表示语言、材料的名词前。‎ ‎3.with多用于表示工具或身体器官的名词前。‎ ‎6．表示“除……之外”的besides和except 自主练悟 谨记规律 ‎①(2017·白银市模拟)Besides these, about 10% of air pollution is caused by other reasons.‎ ‎②(2015·全国卷Ⅰ改编)Our monthly talks start at 19：30 on the first Thursday of each month except August.‎ ‎1.besides表示“除……之外还……”。‎ ‎2.except表示“除……之外”。‎ ‎(二)其他常考的介词 自主练悟 谨记规律 ‎①(2017·九江一中模拟)It is a very exciting city with great hotels, fine restaurants and even casinos.‎ ‎②(2015·全国卷Ⅱ改编)You can make your environment work for you instead of against you.‎ ‎③(2017·漳州市八校联考)This year had brought me so much pain — a divorce, losing my house and the loss of my job.‎ ‎④(2017·天水市模拟)Nowadays, with the development of technology, online shopping is becoming more and more convenient.‎ ‎⑤(2016·四川高考)The mother continued to care for the young panda for more than two years.‎ ‎⑥(2017·潍坊市模拟)With nobody else at the scene, Chen left all his money, 311 yuan($45), for compensation, and a letter of apology.‎ ‎⑦(2015·天津高考改编)Although her description sounded wonderful, the price was beyond our range, so we declined.‎ ‎⑧(2017·兰州一中模拟)When she died, the mayor of New York said the city would not ‎ ‎1.with ‎(1)(表示状态)具有，带有 ‎(2)(表示伴随)随着 ‎(3)(表示原因)由于，因为 ‎(4)(表示关系)和……一起 ‎(5)构成with复合结构 ‎2.against ‎(1)(表示态度)反对 ‎(2)(表示对比)以……为背景 ‎(3)(表示方位)倚靠着……‎ ‎3.of ‎(1)表示“……的”‎ ‎(2)“of＋n.”相当于形容词 be what it is today without her support.‎ ‎⑨(2017·天水市诊断)In short, I believe that it is of great use to keep a diary in English for the development of our writing skills.‎ ‎⑩(2017·曲师大附中模拟)Despite these difficulties, they managed to work out 24 Solar Terms by studying the sun’s movement.‎ ‎4.for ‎“for＋时间段”表示“长达……”‎ ‎5.despite 尽管，虽然 ‎6.without 如果没有 ‎7.beyond 超出，超越 ‎(三)介词在固定搭配中的考查 自主练悟 谨记规律 ‎①(2017·江南十校模拟)Each reader can borrow up to 5 books once and 20 books at most in total.‎ ‎②(2017·银川九中模拟)The music of Peking Opera can be divided into the Xipi and Erhuang styles.‎ ‎③(2017·大庆铁人中学模拟)Next, Tom learned about kids who need meals on weekends when they don’t have access to school lunches.‎ ‎④(2017·厦门一中模拟)During this time, nice and cheap goods are on sale for tourists to choose from.‎ 介词在固定搭配中的考查主要有以下几种形式：‎ ‎1.介词与名词的搭配 ‎2.介词与形容词的搭配 ‎3.介词与动词的搭配 近几年语法填空题考过的搭配有：at the same time, at a lower price, go back to, be focused on, exchange ...for ..., be charged for, laugh at, next to等。‎ ‎(一)介词的错用 自主练悟 谨记规律 ‎①(2016·全国卷Ⅲ)Now I am leaving home to college.to→for ‎②(2015·全国卷Ⅱ)Tony saw a toy on a shop ‎1.介词基本用法的错用 ‎ window.on→in ‎③(2017·泸州市模拟)Then the father smiled for me as he handed me a tip.for→at ‎④(2017·延安市模拟)As a result, doctors are in great need in home and abroad.第二个in→at ‎⑤(2017·成都市模拟)Then with the signal given, we began climbing to the direction of the top.to→in 有时我们会受汉语的影响错用介词，例如：“在……帮助下”，英语应用with the help of而不是under the help of。‎ ‎2.固定搭配中介词的错用 介词可与名词、动词、形容词等构成固定搭配，其中的介词是固定的。有时搭配中介词不同意义也不同。‎ ‎(二)介词的多余与缺失 自主练悟 谨记规律 ‎①(2017·全国卷Ⅱ)They have also bought for some gardening tools.去掉for ‎②(2015·陕西高考)My soccer coach retired in last week.去掉in ‎③(2014·全国卷Ⅱ)We can lie on the grass for a rest, or sit by the lake listening music.listening后加to ‎1.介词的多余 及物动词后直接跟宾语，无需再加介词；last, next等后跟名词表时间时无需加介词。‎ ‎2.介词的缺失 ‎④(2017·河北省“五个一名校联盟”质检)One day, a foreign couple in their fifties entered into the restaurant.去掉into ‎⑤(2017·宁夏石嘴山市模拟)Faced with challenges, we should fight bravely instead giving up.instead后加of 不及物动词后跟宾语时应加相应的介词。‎ ‎3.注意固定搭配中介词的有无。‎ Ⅰ.单句语法填空 ‎1．(2017·哈尔滨市模拟)The third thing to keep in mind about failure is that it’s a part of life.‎ ‎2．(2017·福州八中质检)To our excitement, our parade performance was a great success.‎ ‎3．(2017·豫南九校模拟)My parents and teachers were surprised at_my bad performance.‎ ‎4．(2017·石家庄市质检)Many foreigners get more familiar with Chinese culture through “red packets”．‎ ‎5．(2017·衡水中学模拟)When I was younger, I didn’t have the great love for music as I do now.‎ ‎6．(2017·淮北市模拟)In my opinion, we also learned something very important from Samantha’s speech.‎ ‎7．(2017·锦州市模拟)Without mother and father’s love, I would ‎ not lead such a happy life now.‎ ‎8．(2017·银川九中模拟)Foot traffic accounts for 80% of all traffic in the Copenhagen city center.‎ ‎9．(2017·昆明质量检测)A lack of water can lead to health problems such as headaches, poor physical performance, and even more serious problems.‎ ‎10．(2017·深圳市模拟)If you could exchange lives with someone for a short time, would you like to do that?‎ Ⅱ.单句改错 ‎1．(2017·日照市一模)Many students in our class are weak on English reading comprehension.on→in ‎2．(2017·厦门一中模拟)My parents and I went to the park on last Sunday.去掉on ‎3．(2017·淮南二中模拟)Nowadays, people in many big cities are complaining the heavy traffic.complaining后加about ‎4．(2017·银川九中模拟)The match will be played among Xinhua Middle School Basketball Team and ours.among→between ‎5．(2017·定州中学模拟)It had never occurred me that studying could be so interesting until I met Ms.Li.occurred后加to ‎6．(2017·山西省实验中学质检)As time went by, the weather turned to cold gradually.去掉to ‎7．(2017·石家庄二中模拟)Gathering around here, we practise ‎ spoken English by talking about everything we are interested.interested后加in ‎8．(2017·南昌市一模)Secondly, some students have to cheat in exams because of they are too lazy.去掉of ‎9．(2017·漳州市八校联考)Under the help of my mother, I made rapid progress in English.Under→With ‎10．(2017·天水一中诊断)In my view, we should limit to our using smartphones except for the purpose of learning.去掉to