2019届二轮复习阅读七选五考纲解读及解题指导课件（148张）

2019届二轮复习阅读七选五考纲解读及解题指导课件（148张）

2019 届二轮复习 阅读七选五 解题指导 阅读七选五 , 旨在考查考生的篇章结构和语篇逻辑能力 , 因此 , 考试必须弄清文章的主旨大意和框架结构、掌握语篇的衔接手段 , 把握句际和段际之间的逻辑关系 , 才可有效解题。七选五阅读题的解题步骤是 : 一、速读全文 , 把握主旨 速读全文 , 主要是首段和末段 , 及首句和末句。初步把握文章的主要内容。 二、精读选项 , 锁定关键词 阅读各个选项 , 标记出其中的关键词 , 重点关注句子的主语和宾语。 三、细读空格前后 , 圈定线索词 阅读设空前后的句子 , 圈定线索词 , 并与从选项中找出的关键词进行匹配 , 可能是相同的词 , 也可能是意思相近的词和词组 , 目的是确定答案。 四、通读全文 , 复核答案 再阅读文章和相关词句 , 检查是否结构连贯 , 语义通顺 , 逻辑合理。 试做真题 透析真题 高手必备 萃取高招 对点精练 Passage 1 (2017 全国 Ⅰ ) If anyone had told me three years ago that I would be spending most of my weekends camping.I would have laughed heartily.Campers,in my eyes,were people who enjoyed insect bites,ill-cooked meals,and uncomfortable sleeping bags.They had nothing in common with me. 　 1 　   The friends who introduced me to camping thought that it meant to be a pioneer. 　 2 　 We slept in a tent,cooked over an open fire,and walked a long distance to take the shower and use the bathroom.This brief visit with Mother Nature cost me two days off from work,recovering from a bad case of sunburn and the doctor’s bill for my son’s food poisoning.  试做真题 透析真题 高手必备 萃取高招 对点精练 I was,nevertheless,talked into going on another fun-filled holiday in the wilderness. 　 3 　 Instead,we had a pop-up camper with comfortable beds and an air conditioner.My nature-loving friends had remembered to bring all the necessities of life.  　 4 　 We have done a lot of it since.Recently,we bought a twenty-eight-foot travel trailer complete with a bathroom and a built-in TV set.There is a separate bedroom,a modern kitchen with a refrigerator.The trailer even has matching carpet and curtains.  　 5 　 It must be true that sooner or later,everyone finds his or her way back to nature.I recommend that you find your way in style.  试做真题 透析真题 高手必备 萃取高招 对点精练 A.This time there was no tent. B.Things are going to be improved. C.The trip they took me on was a rough one. D.I was to learn a lot about camping since then,however. E.I must say that I have certainly come to enjoy camping. F.After the trip,my family became quite interested in camping. G.There was no shade as the trees were no more than 3 feet tall. 试做真题 透析真题 高手必备 萃取高招 对点精练 【答案与解析】 【语篇解读】 作者主要讲述了自己从一开始不喜欢露营 , 到最后爱上了露营的经历。作者认为每个人都会发现自己回归自然的方式并建议人们寻找自己的方式。 1.D 　上文提到在作者看来 , 露营者是喜欢被虫咬、吃做得很糟糕的饭和睡不舒服的睡袋的人 , 这些人和他没有共同之处。由此可知 , 所填的句子和上文有转折关系 ,D 项符合上下文语境。 2.C 　 根据上文的 “The friends who introduced me to camping...” 和下文的 “We slept in a tent,cooked over an open fire,and walked a long distance to take the shower...” 可知 ,C 项符合。 试做真题 透析真题 高手必备 萃取高招 对点精练 3.A 　 根据上文的 “We slept in a tent...” 和下文的 “Instead,we had a pop-up camper with comfortable beds and an air conditioner.” 可知 , 作者这次睡的不是帐篷。 A 项 “ 这次没有帐篷 ” 与上下文语境一致。 4.F 　 根据 “We have done a lot of it since.Recently,we bought a twenty-eight-foot travel trailer...” 可知 ,F 项 “ 那次旅行后 , 我们一家人对露营产生了浓厚的兴趣 ” 是这样做的原因。 5.E 　 根据下文的 “It must be true that sooner or later,everyone finds his or her way back to nature.” 可知 , 这是作者从自己的经历做出的推测 , 因此 E 项 “ 我必须说我肯定开始喜欢露营了 ” 符合语境。 试做真题 透析真题 高手必备 萃取高招 对点精练 Passage 2 (2017 全国 Ⅱ ) Interruptions are one of the worst things to deal with while you’re trying to get work done. 　 1 　 ,there are several ways to handle things.Let’s take a look at them now.  　 2 　 .Tell the person you’re sorry and explain that you have a million things to do and then ask if the two of you can talk at a different time.  When people try to interrupt you,have set hours planned and let them know to come back during that time or that you’ll find them then. 　 3 　 .It can help to eliminate( 消除 ) future interruptions.  试做真题 透析真题 高手必备 萃取高招 对点精练 When you need to talk to someone,don’t do it in your own office. 　 4 　 ,it’s much easier to excuse yourself to get back to your work than if you try to get someone out of your space even after explaining how busy you are.  If you have a door to your office,make good use of it. 　 5 　 .If someone knocks and it’s not an important matter,excuse yourself and let the person know you’re busy so they can get the hint( 暗示 ) that when the door is closed,you’re not to be disturbed.  试做真题 透析真题 高手必备 萃取高招 对点精练 A.If you’re busy,don’t feel bad about saying no B.When you want to avoid interruptions at work C.Set boundaries for yourself as far as your time goes D.If you’re in the other person’s office or in a public area E.It’s important that you let them know when you’ll be available F.It might seem unkind to cut people short when they interrupt you G.Leave it open when you’re available to talk and close it when you’re not 试做真题 透析真题 高手必备 萃取高招 对点精练 【答案与解析】 【语篇解读】 本文是说明文。工作时被来访客人打扰是非常令人棘手的问题 , 本文介绍了应付被打扰的情况的几种办法。 1.B 　前文说 , 在你努力地完成工作时 , 被打扰是最坏的事情之一。后文说 , 下文就是解决这类问题的办法。分析句子结构可知 , 这里需要填写一个状语从句 , 结合前面的提示词 Interruptions 可知选 B 项。 B 项起到了承上启下的连接作用。 2.A 　 从后面的 “Tell the person you’re sorry and explain that...” 可知 , 作者鼓励人们拒绝这种打扰 , 因此选 A 项 , 如果你忙 , 不要因为拒绝而感到为难。 试做真题 透析真题 高手必备 萃取高招 对点精练 3.E 　 上文说 , 当人们试图打扰你工作的时候 , 你要定下时间计划 , 让他们知道在规定的时间回来找你或者你去找他们。下文说 , 这能帮助消除以后他们的打扰。因此这里应该是 , 让他们知道你什么时候有空非常重要。故 E 项正确。 4.D 　 前文说 , 如果你需要和某人谈话 , 别在你自己的办公室里。所以选 D 项 , 意思是 : 如果你在别人的办公室里或者在一个公共场所 , 那就更容易脱身。 5.G 　 前文说 , 如果你的办公室有门 , 要好好利用它。由后文的解释可知这里是说 , 你有空的时候把门敞开 , 你没空的时候就把门关上。因此 G 项正确。 试做真题 透析真题 高手必备 萃取高招 对点精练 Passage 3 (2017 全国 Ⅲ ) Lots of people find it hard to get up in the morning,and put the blame on the alarm clock.In fact,the key to easy morning wake-up lies in resetting your body clock. 　 1 　 Here’s how to make one.  ● 　 2 　 In order to make a change,you need to decide why it’s important.Do you want to get up in time to have breakfast with your family,get in some exercise,or just be better prepared for your day?Once you are clear about your reasons,tell your family or roommates about the change you want to make.  试做真题 透析真题 高手必备 萃取高招 对点精练 ● Rethink mornings.Now that you know why you want to wake up,consider re-arranging your morning activities.If you want time to have breakfast with your family,save some time the night before by setting out clothes,shoes,and bags. 　 3 　 That’s a quarter-hour more you could be sleeping if you bought a coffee maker with a timer.  ● Keep your sleep/wake schedule on weekends.If you’re tired out by Friday night,sleeping in on Saturday could sound wonderful.But compensating on the weekends actually feeds into your sleepiness the following week,a recent study found. 　 4 　   ● Keep a record and evaluate it weekly.Keep track of your efforts and write down how you feel.After you’ve tried a new method for a week,take a look at your record. 　 5 　 If not,take another look at other methods you could try.  试做真题 透析真题 高手必备 萃取高招 对点精练 A.Get a sleep specialist. B.Find the right motivation. C.A better plan for sleep can help. D.And consider setting a second alarm. E.If the steps you take are working,keep it up. F.Stick to your set bedtime and wake-up time,no matter the day. G.Reconsider the 15 minutes you spend in line at the cafe to get coffee. 试做真题 透析真题 高手必备 萃取高招 对点精练 【答案与解析】 【语篇解读】 本文是说明文。文章主要介绍早上容易醒来的关键在于重新调整生物钟 , 对睡眠有个好的规划将大有裨益。然后讲述了制定规划的几种方法。 1.C 　 此句为过渡句。承上启下 , 根据下文 “Here is how to make one.” 可知 , 此处表示对睡眠有个好的规划将大有裨益。 one 相当于上文的 a better place 。 2.B 　 此句为主题句。首先形式上要与第二个标题 “Rethink mornings.” 相一致 , 然后根据下文内容 “ 你是为了起床和家庭共进早餐、晨练 , 还是为了更好地休息 , 为一天做好准备 ? 一旦明确了你的理由 , 告诉你的家人或室友你想要做的改变。 ” 可知 , 此处应为 B 项。 试做真题 透析真题 高手必备 萃取高招 对点精练 3.G 　 此句为过渡句。根据下文 “That’s a quarter-hour more you could be sleeping if you bought a coffee maker with a timer.” 可知 , 重新考虑排队等待咖啡的 15 分钟时间 , 如果你买一个定时咖啡壶 , 你就可以多享受 15 分钟的睡眠了。 4.F 　 此句为概括句。根据上文可知 , 周六美美地补一觉是不错 , 但研究表明 , 这样会影响下周的睡眠。因此 , 不管白天是否休息 , 都要遵守你的作息时间。 5.E 　 此句为过渡句。根据下文 “If not,take another look at other methods you could try.” 可知 , 尝试了一种新方法一周后 , 查看一下记录 , 如果起作用就坚持 , 不起作用就另寻他法。 Passage 4 (2016 全国 Ⅱ ) A garden that’s just right for you Have you ever visited a garden that seemed just right for you,where the atmosphere of the garden appeared to total more than the sum( 总和 ) of its parts? 　 1 　 .But it doesn’t happen by accident.It starts with looking inside yourself and understanding who you are with respect to the natural world and how you approach the gardening process.  ● 　 2 　   Some people may think that a garden is no more than plants,flowers,patterns and masses of color.Others are concerned about using gardening methods that require less water and fewer fertilizers( 肥料 ). 　 3 　 .However,there are a number of other reasons that might explain why you want to garden.One of them comes from our earliest years.  试做真题 透析真题 高手必备 萃取高招 对点精练 试做真题 透析真题 高手必备 萃取高招 对点精练 ●Recall( 回忆 ) your childhood memories Our model of what a garden should be often goes back to childhood.Grandma’s rose garden and Dad’s vegetable garden might be good or bad,but that’s not what’s important. 　 4 　 -how being in those gardens made us feel.If you’d like to build a powerful bond with your garden,start by taking some time to recall the gardens of your youth. 　 5 　 .Then go outside and work out a plan to translate your childhood memories into your grown-up garden.Have fun.  试做真题 透析真题 高手必备 萃取高招 对点精练 A.Know why you garden B.Find a good place for your own garden C.It’s our experience of the garden that matters D.It’s delightful to see so many beautiful flowers E.Still others may simply enjoy being outdoors and close to plants F.You can produce that kind of magical quality in your own garden,too G.For each of those gardens,write down the strongest memory you have 试做真题 透析真题 高手必备 萃取高招 对点精练 【答案与解析】 【语篇解读】 本文为说明文。搭建属于自己的花园 , 亲近自然 , 体验种植的快乐 , 重温童年时代美好的记忆。 1.F 　 此句为过渡句 , 承上启下 , 根据下文的 “But it doesn’t happen by accident.” 可知 , 此处要表示自己也能创造出这种效果。故 F 项合适。 2.A 　 此处为标题句 , 首先形式上要与第二个标题 “Recall( 回忆 ) your childhood memories” 相一致 , 因此答案在 A 与 B 两项之间选择 , 根据后面 “However,there are a number of other reasons...” 可知 , 此段主要介绍要了解自己种植的原因。 试做真题 透析真题 高手必备 萃取高招 对点精练 3.E 　 此处为过渡句。根据开头提及的 “Some people may think...” 以及后面的 “...other reasons” 可知 , 此处表示 “ 也有另一部分人纯粹是喜欢待在室外亲近自然 ” 。故选 E 项。 4.C 　 此处为过渡句。承接前一句 “...but that’s not what’s important.” 以及根据下文破折号后做出的解释可以看出 , 此处要表达 “ 究竟什么是重要的 ”, 故选 C 项。 5.G 　 此处为过渡句。根据前一句中 “...recall the gardens of your youth...”, 回忆自己儿时的花园 , 以及下文 “...work out a plan to translate your childhood memories into your grown-up garden.” 将这些回忆变成真正的花园 , 可知此处表示 “ 将记忆最深刻的地方写下来 ”, 故选 G 项。 Passage 5 (2016 全国 Ⅰ ) Secret codes ( 密码 )keep messages private.Banks,companies,and government agencies use secret codes in doing business,especially when information is sent by computer. People have used secret codes for thousands of years. 　 1 　 Code breaking never lags ( 落后 ) far behind code making.The science of creating and reading coded messages is called cryptography.  There are three main types of cryptography. 　 2 　 For example,the first letters of “My elephant eats too many eels” spell out the hidden message “Meet me.”  　 3 　 You might represent each letter with a number,for example.Let’s number the letters of the alphabet,in order,from 1 to 26.If we substitute a number for each letter,the message “Meet me” would read “13 5 5 20 13 5.”  试做真题 透析真题 高手必备 萃取高招 对点精练 试做真题 透析真题 高手必备 萃取高招 对点精练 A code uses symbols to replace words,phrases,or sentences.To read the message of a real code,you must have a code book. 　 4 　 For example,“bridge” might stand for “meet” and “out” might stand for “me.” The message “Bridge out” would actually mean “Meet me.” 　 5 　 However,it is also hard to keep a code book secret for long.So codes must be changed frequently.  试做真题 透析真题 高手必备 萃取高招 对点精练 A.It is very hard to break a code without the code book. B.In any language,some letters are used more than others. C.Only people who know the keyword can read the message. D.As long as there have been codes,people have tried to break them. E.You can hide a message by having the first letters of each word spell it out. F.With a code book,you might write down words that would stand for other words. G.Another way to hide a message is to use symbols to stand for specific letters of the alphabet. 【答案与解析】 【语篇解读】 本文为说明文。主要介绍了设置密码的重要性和必要性、密码的历史、隐藏信息的方式以及密码本的重要性。 1.D 　根据下文出现的 Code breaking 可知 , 此处介绍的是破译密码的内容 , 因此选择 D 项 “ 只要有密码存在 , 人们就试图破译它 ” 。 2.E 　 根据下文举出的例子可知 , 此处介绍的是隐藏信息的方式之一 : 把信息隐藏在每一个单词的首字母中 , 然后把首字母拼在一起 , 信息就出来了。 3.G 　 根据下文举出的例子可知 , 此处介绍的是隐藏信息的另一种方式 : 用符号或数字代替特定的字母。 4.F 　 根据上文出现的 a code book 以及下文列举的例子可知 , 此处说明 , 用一本密码本 , 你可以写下代表其他单词的词语。 5.A 　 根据下文出现的 also hard 以及 a code book 可知 , 此处想要说明的是 , 没有密码本想要破解密码是很困难的。 试做真题 透析真题 高手必备 萃取高招 对点精练 试做真题 透析真题 高手必备 萃取高招 对点精练 Passage 6 (2016 全国 Ⅲ ) Everyone knows that fish is good for health. 　 1 　 But it seems that many people don’t cook fish at home.Americans eat only about fifteen pounds of fish per person per year,but we eat twice as much fish in restaurants as at home.Buying,storing,and cooking fish isn’t difficult. 　 2 　 This text is about how to buy and cook fish in an easy way.  　 3 　 Fresh fish should smell sweet:you should feel that you’re standing at the ocean’s edge.Any fishy or strong smell means the fish isn’t fresh. 　 4 　 When you have bought a fish and arrive home,you’d better store the fish in the refrigerator if you don’t cook it immediately,but fresh fish should be stored in your fridge for only a day or two.Frozen fish isn’t as tasty as the fresh one.  试做真题 透析真题 高手必备 萃取高招 对点精练 There are many common methods used to cook fish. 　 5 　 First,clean it and season it with your choice of spices( 调料 ).Put the whole fish on a plate and steam it in a steam pot for 8 to 10 minutes if it weighs about one pound.(A larger one will take more time.)Then,it’s ready to serve.  A.Do not buy it. B.The easiest is to steam it. C.This is how you can do it. D.It just requires a little knowledge. E.The fish will go bad within hours. F.When buying fish,you should first smell it. G.The fats in fish are thought to help prevent heart disease. 【答案与解析】 【语篇解读】 本文为说明文。大家都知道鱼对人的健康有好处 , 本文主要告诉读者如何用一种简单的方法来买鱼和烧鱼。 1.G 　根据该段第一句的内容可知 , 鱼对人的健康有好处 , 故此处应谈论鱼对人的健康到底有什么好处。 G 项的内容能够起到承接上文的作用。 2.D 　 上一句提到鱼的购买、贮存和烹调并不难 , 故 D 项 “ 它只需要一些知识。 ” 符合本段语境。 3.F 　 根据空后的句子主要讲述关于 “ 买鱼时要闻鱼的气味 ” 可知 ,F 项能够与下文相辅相成。故选 F 项。 4.A 　 根据上一句可知 , 任何鱼腥或刺鼻的气味都说明鱼不新鲜了。故此处用 A 项来承接上文。 5.B 　 根据空前的句子 “ 有多种常见的烧鱼方法。 ” 以及下文主要讲述怎样蒸鱼可知 ,B 项 “ 最简单的方法就是蒸鱼 ” 符合语境。 试做真题 透析真题 高手必备 萃取高招 对点精练 试做真题 透析真题 高手必备 萃取高招 对点精练 Passage 7 (2016 四川 ) Both men and women are living longer these days in industrialized countries. 　 1 　 In general,they can expect to live six or seven years more than men.One reason for this is biological.  One important biological factor that helps women live longer is the difference in hormones between men and women. 　 2 　 Between the ages of about 12 and 50,women produce hormones that are involved in fertility( 生育能力 ).These hormones also have a positive effect on the heart and the blood flow.In fact,women are less likely to have high blood pressure or to die from heart attacks.  试做真题 透析真题 高手必备 萃取高招 对点精练 　 3 　 They help the body defend itself against some kinds of infections.This means that women generally get sick less often and less seriously than men.The common cold is a good example:women,on average,get fewer colds than men.  　 4 　 Scientists are still not exactly sure how genes influence aging,but they believe that they do.Some think that a woman’s body cells have a tendency( 倾向 ) to age more slowly than a man’s.Others think that a man’s body cells have a tendency to age more quickly. 　 5 　   试做真题 透析真题 高手必备 萃取高招 对点精练 A.However,women,on average,live longer. B.The biological factor plays an important part. C.Women are also helped by their female genes. D.The female hormones also protect the body in another way. E.Recent research seems to support both of these possibilities. F.Therefore,women are more healthy than men and can live a better life. G.Hormones are chemicals which are produced by the body to control various body functions. 试做真题 透析真题 高手必备 萃取高招 对点精练 【答案与解析】 【语篇解读】 本文为说明文。当今 , 在工业化国家 , 男性与女性的寿命都比较长。但是女性通常能比男性多活六到七年 , 这是因为男性与女性分泌的激素存在差异 , 而且女性的基因也起着重要的作用。研究表明 , 激素能帮助女性很好地控制血压、保护心脏 , 也能保护身体抵制某些类型的感染。 1.A 　 根据上文 “ 当今 , 在工业化国家 , 男性和女性的寿命都比较长 ” 和下文 “ 一般来说 , 她们可以比男性多活六到七年 ” 可知 ,“ 她们 ” 是指 “ 女性 ”, 女性比男性活得时间更长一些 , 故选 A 项。 2.G 　 根据上文 “ 女性的寿命更长 , 其中一个重要的生物学因素就是男性与女性分泌的激素存在差异。 ” 和下文 “12 岁至 50 岁之间 , 女性产生生育激素。 ” 可知 , 此处是连接上下文的过渡句 , 故选 G 项 , 意为 “ 激素是一种化学物质 , 它由肌体产生 , 并控制肌体的各个功能 ” 。 试做真题 透析真题 高手必备 萃取高招 对点精练 3.D 　 根据上文 “ 事实上 , 女性患有高血压或死于心脏病的几率要小。 ” 和下文 “ 他们帮助身体抵御某些类型的感染 ” 可知 , 此处仍然讲述的是激素带来的好处 , 故选 D 项 , 意为 “ 雌性激素也能以另一种方式保护身体 ” 。 4.C 　 根据下文 “ 虽然科学家们仍不确定基因对衰老的影响 ” 可知 , 此处应选择与 “ 基因 ” 有关的选项 , 故选 C 项 , 意为 “ 女性的基因也起着重要作用 ” 。 5.E 　 根据上文的 “Some think that...” 和 “Others think that...” 可知 , 对于这一问题有两种观点 , 故选 E 项 , 意为 “ 最近的研究似乎支持这两种可能性 ” 。 试做真题 透析真题 高手必备 萃取高招 对点精练 Passage 8 (2016 北京 ) The Science of Risk-Seeking Sometimes we decide that a little unnecessary danger is worth it because when we weigh the risk and the reward,the risk seems worth taking. 　 1 　 Some of us enjoy activities that would surprise and scare the rest of us.Why?Experts say it may have to do with how our brains work.  The reason why any of us take any risks at all might have to do with early humans.Risk-takers were better at hunting,fighting,or exploring. 　 2 　 As the quality of risk-taking was passed from one generation to the next,humans ended up with a sense of adventure and a tolerance for risk.  试做真题 透析真题 高手必备 萃取高招 对点精练 So why aren’t we all jumping out of airplanes then?Well,even 200,000 years ago,too much risk-taking could get one killed.A few daring survived,though,along with a few stay-in-the-cave types.As a result,humans developed a range of character types that still exists today.So maybe you love car racing,or maybe you hate it. 　 3 　   No matter where you are on the risk-seeking range,scientists say that your willingness to take risks increases during your teenage years. 　 4 　 To help you do that,your brain increases your hunger for new experiences.New experiences often mean taking some risks,so your brain raises your tolerance for risk as well.  　 5 　 For the risk-seekers,a part of the brain related to pleasure becomes active,while for the rest of us,a part of the brain related to fear becomes active.  As experts continue to study the science of risk-seeking,we’ll continue to hit the mountains,the waves or the shallow end of the pool. 试做真题 透析真题 高手必备 萃取高招 对点精练 A.It all depends on your character. B.Those are the risks you should jump to take. C.Being better at those things meant a greater chance of survival. D.Thus,these well-equipped people survived because they were the fittest. E.This is when you start to move away from your family and into the bigger world. F.However,we are not all using the same reference standard to weigh risks and rewards. G.New brain research suggests our brains work differently when we face a nervous situation. 试做真题 透析真题 高手必备 萃取高招 对点精练 【答案与解析】 【语篇解读】 本文为说明文。有人乐于冒险而有人却安于现状 , 本文中作者为我们分析了冒险意识背后的原因。 1.F 　 下文提到 , 有些人会喜欢一些让他人惊讶、害怕的活动 , 对前文进一步进行解释说明 , 与前文紧密衔接。 F 项的意思是 : 然而我们权衡风险和收益的参考标准不尽相同。 2.C 　 C 项的意思是 : 擅长做那些事情就意味着更大的生存可能。 those things 指代的就是前文中的打猎、搏斗或探险 , 与前文紧密相连 , 故选 C 项。 试做真题 透析真题 高手必备 萃取高招 对点精练 3.A 　 或许你喜欢赛车 , 或许你不喜欢。这都取决于你的性格。 A 项与前文衔接紧密 , 故选 A 项。 4.E 　 选项中的 this 指代的是前文中的 your teenage years;the bigger world 与后文中的 new experiences 相对应。正是因为从家庭进入到更大的圈子中 , 才会渴望更多新的经历。 5.G 　 该空位于段首 , 为总起句。 G 项的意思是 : 新的大脑研究表明 , 在面临同一紧张情景时 , 我们的大脑会做出不同的反应。后文对该句进行了具体解释 : 喜欢冒险的人在面临紧张情景时大脑中与快乐有关的区域会变得活跃 , 而其他人则是大脑中与恐惧有关的区域变得活跃。 试做真题 透析真题 高手必备 萃取高招 对点精练 Passage 9 (2015 全国 Ⅰ ) Building Trust in a Relationship Again Trust is a learned behavior that we gain from past experiences. 　 1 　 Trust is a risk.But you can’t be successful when there’s a lack of trust in a relationship that results from an action where the wrongdoer takes no responsibility to fix the mistake.  Unfortunately,we’ve all been victims of betrayal.Whether we’ve been stolen from,lied to,misled,or cheated on,there are different levels of losing trust.Sometimes people simply can’t trust anymore. 　 2 　 It’s understandable,but if you’re willing to build trust in a relationship again,we have some steps you can take to get you there.  试做真题 透析真题 高手必备 萃取高招 对点精练 ● 　 3 　 Having confidence in yourself will help you make better choices because you can see what the best outcome would be for your well-being.  ● 　 4 　 If you’ve been betrayed,you are the victim of your circumstance.But there’s a difference between being a victim and living with a “victim mentality”.At some point in all of our lives,we’ll have our trust tested or violated.  ● You didn’t lose “everything”.Once trust is lost,what is left?Instead of looking at the situation from this hopeless angle,look at everything you still have and be thankful for all of the good in your life. 　 5 　 Instead,it’s a healthy way to work through the experience to allow room for positive growth and forgiveness.  试做真题 透析真题 高手必备 萃取高招 对点精练 A.Learn to really trust yourself. B.It is putting confidence in someone. C.Stop regarding yourself as the victim. D.Remember that you can expect the best in return. E.They’ve been too badly hurt and they can’t bear to let it happen again. F.This knowledge carries over in their attitude toward their future relationships. G.Seeing the positive side of things doesn’t mean you’re ignoring what happened. 试做真题 透析真题 高手必备 萃取高招 对点精练 【答案与解析】 【语篇解读】 本文为说明文。信任弥足珍贵 , 但人们也曾因某种原因失去过信任。如何重新在这个关系群中建立起那份信任呢 ? 本文给出了几条建议。 1.B 　根据上句 “ 信任是我们从过去的经历中获取的一种行为 ” 和下句 “ 信任是一种冒险 ” 可知 , 此空填 B 项 , 本句是对第一句话的进一步解释 :“ 信任是信赖某人 ” 。 2.E 　 空格前列举了遭遇背叛的几种情况 : 被偷、被撒谎、被误导、被欺骗 , 这些事情的发生使人们受到了深深的伤害 , 他们不能容忍它再次发生。故选 E 项。 3.A 　 根据后面句子中的 “Having confidence in yourself” 可知此处作者建议 : 学会真正信任你自己。故选 A 项。 试做真题 透析真题 高手必备 萃取高招 对点精练 4.C 　 由本段最后一句 “ 在我们生活中的某些时候 , 我们的信任会被检验或打破 ” 可知 , 此处应选 C 项 , 意为 “ 不要认为自己是个受害者 ” 。 5.G 　 副词 “instead” 表示转折。本段前两句告诉人们要用积极的态度看待过去的经历 , 而不要再纠结于不愉快的经历而变得悲观、失落 , 这里应是 “ 看到事物积极的一面并不意味着你无视已经发生的事 ” 。故选 G 项。 试做真题 透析真题 高手必备 萃取高招 对点精练 Passage 10 (2015 全国 Ⅱ ) Training for a marathon requires careful preparation and steady,gradual increases in the length of the runs. 　 1 　 ,buy the best-fitting,best-built running shoes you can find.No one can say which brand will work best for you or feel best on your feet,so you have to rely on your experience and on the feel of each pair as you shop.When you have found shoes that seem right,walk in them for a few days to double-check the fit. 　 2 　 .As always,you should stretch( 伸展 ) at least ten minutes before each run to prevent injuries.  试做真题 透析真题 高手必备 萃取高招 对点精练 During the first week,do not think about distance,but run five minutes longer each day. 　 3 　 ,it is wise to take a day off to rest.But during the next week,set a goal of at least a mile and a half per run. 　 4 　 .After two weeks,start timing yourself. 　 5 　 .Depending on the kind of race you plan to enter,you can set up a timetable for the remaining weeks before the race.  试做真题 透析真题 高手必备 萃取高招 对点精练 A.After six days B.For a good marathon runner C.Before you begin your training D.With each day,increase the distance by a half mile E.If they still feel good,you can begin running in them F.Time spent for preparation raises the quality of training G.Now you are ready to figure out a goal of improving distance and time 试做真题 透析真题 高手必备 萃取高招 对点精练 【答案与解析】 【语篇解读】 本文为说明文。文章介绍了参加马拉松训练需要细心准备并采取循序渐进的策略和技巧。 1.C 　根据上文中的 “requires careful preparation” 和下文中 “buy the best-fitting,best-built running shoes” 可知 , 此处指的应是在开始训练前需要购置合适的跑鞋 , 故选 C 项。 2.E 　 设空处与其前一句是顺承关系 , 此题的内容还是在谈论跑鞋 ,E 项中的 they 和 them 与前句中的 shoes 相照应 , 故选 E 项。 3.A 　 根据上文 “During the first week ” 和下文 “take a day off to rest ” 可知 , 一周七天里训练六天后休息一天是明智的 , 故选 A 项。 4.D 　 根据上文中的 “set a goal of at least a mile and a half per run” 及下文内容可知 , 此处指的应是每天增加半英里 , 故选 D 项。 5.G 　 G 项中的 “improving distance and time” 与上文中提到的延长跑步距离 , 记录跑步时间的内容相呼应 , 故选 G 项。 试做真题 透析真题 高手必备 萃取高招 对点精练 Passage 11 (2014 辽宁 ) Eyesight plays a very important role in our daily life.Every waking moment,the eyes are working to see the world around us.Over forty percent of Americans worry about losing eyesight,but it’s easy to include steps into our daily life to ensure healthy eyes.Here are five suggestions for a lifetime of healthy eyesight: ·Schedule yearly exams. 　 1 　 Experts advise parents to bring babies 6 to 12 months of age to the doctor for a careful check.The good news is that millions of children now can have yearly eye exams and following treatment,including eyeglasses.  ·Protect against UV rays( 紫外线 ).Long-term stay in the sun creates risk to your eyes.No matter what the season is,it’s extremely important to wear sunglasses. 　 2 　   试做真题 透析真题 高手必备 萃取高招 对点精练 ·Give your eyes a break.Two-thirds of Americans spend up to seven hours a day using computers or other digital products. 　 3 　 Experts recommend that people practice the 20/20/20 rule:every 20 minutes,take a 20-second break and look at something 20 feet away.  · 　 4 　 As part of a healthy diet,eat more fruits and vegetables each day.Vitamins( 维生素 ) C and E help protect eyesight and promote eye health.  ·Practice safe wear and care of contact lenses( 隐形眼镜 ).Many Americans use contact lenses to improve their eyesight.While some follow the medical guidance for wearing contact lenses,many are breaking the rules and putting their eyesight at risk. 　 5 　 Otherwise,you may have problems such as red eyes,pain in the eyes,or a more serious condition.  试做真题 透析真题 高手必备 萃取高招 对点精练 A.Eat your greens. B.Eye care should begin early in life. C.They can properly protect your eyes. D.Stay in good shape by taking more vitamins. E.Parents usually don’t care about their own eyesight. F.Always follow the doctor’s advice for appropriate wear. G.This frequent eye activity increases the risk for eye tiredness. 试做真题 透析真题 高手必备 萃取高招 对点精练 【答案与解析】 【语篇解读】 本文为说明文。文章主要给出了五种拥有健康视力的建议 : 计划年度检查、戴太阳镜防止紫外线伤害眼睛、缓解眼睛疲劳、多吃水果蔬菜、正确佩戴隐形眼镜。 1.B 　根据上文 “Schedule yearly exams.” 和下文 “Experts advise parents to bring babies 6 to 12 months of age...” 及选项中的 Eye care 和 early in life 可知选 B 项。 2.C 　 段尾总结句。戴太阳镜预防紫外线 , 它们可以适当地保护你的眼睛。本句是对上文的总结概括。 试做真题 透析真题 高手必备 萃取高招 对点精练 3.G 　 三分之二的美国人一天会花费多达 7 小时的时间来使用电脑或其他数码产品。这种频繁的眼部活动会增加眼睛疲劳的风险。根据句意应选择 G 项。 4.A 　 Eat your greens. 意为 “ 吃绿色食品。 ” 下文均与饮食有关 , 所以选 A 项。 5.F 　 上下文均与戴隐形眼镜有关 , 所以选择含有关键词 wear 的选项。 medical guidance 和 doctor’s advice 也互为暗示。 Passage 12 (2014 全国 Ⅰ ) The jobs of the future have not yet been invented. 　 1 　 By helping them develop classic skills that will serve them well no matter what the future holds.  1.Curiosity Your children need to be deeply curious. 　 2 　 Ask kids,“What ingredients( 配料 ) can we add to make these pancakes even better next time?” and then try them out.Did those ingredients make the pancakes better?What could we try next time?   2.Creativity True creativity is the ability to take something existing and create something new from it. 　 3 　 There are a dozen different things you can do with them.Experimenting with materials to create something new can go a long way in helping them develop their creativity.  试做真题 透析真题 高手必备 萃取高招 对点精练 试做真题 透析真题 高手必备 萃取高招 对点精练 3.Interpersonal Skills Understanding how others feel can be a challenge for kids.We know what’s going on inside our own head,but what about others?Being able to read people helps kids from misreading a situation and jumping to false conclusions. 　 4 　 “Why do you think she’s crying?”“Can you tell how that man is feeling by looking at his face?”“If someone were to do that to you,how would you feel?”   4.Self Expression 　 5 　 There are many ways to express thoughts and ideas—music,acting,drawing,building,photography.You may find that your child is attracted by one more than another.  试做真题 透析真题 高手必备 萃取高招 对点精练 A.Encourage kids to cook with you. B.And we can’t forget science education. C.We can give kids chances to think about materials in new ways. D.So how can we help our kids prepare for jobs that don’t yet exist? E.Gardening is another great activity for helping kids develop this skill. F.We can do this in real life or ask questions about characters in stories. G.Being able to communicate ideas in a meaningful way is a valuable skill. 试做真题 透析真题 高手必备 萃取高招 对点精练 【答案与解析】 【语篇解读】 本文为说明文 , 主要讲述了如何培养孩子们的技能以满足未来一流职业需要。 1.D 　 根据空格后面的 “By helping...” 可知该空应该是针对方式的提问 , 故选 D 项。 2.A 　由下文的 “What ingredients( 配料 ) can we add to make these pancakes even better...” 可知这里指做饭 , 故 A 项内容符合此处语境。 3.C 　 此题位于 “Creativity” 一节中 , 上句给出这一概念的定义 , 接下来是进一步说明 , 选项 C 与前一句中提到的 “take something existing and create something new from it” 在意思上相互照应 , 也符合与后一句 “There are a dozen different things you can do with them” 的逻辑关系。 试做真题 透析真题 高手必备 萃取高招 对点精练 4.F 　 空格之前的三句话说明了人际关系这一概念以及掌握人际交往技能的重要性 , 空格后是三个连续的问题 ,F 项中的 “ask questions” 与之照应。 5.G 　 空格后面一句话中的 “express thoughts and ideas” 与 G 项中的 “communicate ideas” 照应。 试做真题 透析真题 高手必备 萃取高招 对点精练 Passage 13 (2014 全国 Ⅱ ) Tips for Cooking on a Tight Schedule From my experience,there are three main reasons why people don’t cook more often:ability,money,and time. 　 1 　 Money is a topic I’ll save for another day.So today I want to give you some wisdom about how to make the most of the time you spend in the kitchen.Here are three tips for great cooking on a tight schedule:   1.Think ahead.The moments when I think cooking is a pain are when I’m already hungry and there’s nothing ready to eat.So think ahead of the coming week.When will you have time to cook?Do you have the right materials already? 　 2 　   试做真题 透析真题 高手必备 萃取高招 对点精练 2.Make your time worth it.When you do find time to cook a meal,make the most of it and save yourself time later on.Are you making one loaf of bread? 　 3 　 It takes around the same amount of time to make more of something.So save yourself the effort for a future meal.  3. 　 4 　 This may surprise you,but one of the best tools for making cooking worth your time is experimentation.It gives you the chance to hit upon new ideas and recipes that can work well with your appetite and schedule.The more you learn and the more you try,the more ability you have to take control of your food and your schedule.  Hopefully that gives you a good start. 　 5 　 And don’t let a busy schedule discourage you from making some great changes in the way you eat and live!   试做真题 透析真题 高手必备 萃取高招 对点精练 A.Try new things. B.Ability is easily improved. C.Make three or four instead. D.Understand your food better. E.Cooking is a burden for many people. F.Let cooking and living simply be a joy rather than a burden. G.A little time planning ahead can save a lot of work later on. 试做真题 透析真题 高手必备 萃取高招 对点精练 【答案与解析】 【语篇解读】 本文为说明文。紧张的生活节奏并不妨碍你为自己或家人做上一顿可口的饭菜 , 看看作者为我们提供的建议吧。 1.B 　 上文提到三个不常做饭的理由 : 能力、钱和时间。下文提到钱是下一个话题 , 这里主要谈论如何利用花费在烹饪上的时间 , 故答案为 B 项 ( 能力是容易改进的 ) 。 2.G 　 本题位于 “Think ahead” 一节中 , 与这个意思最接近的选项就是 G 项 “A little time planning ahead can save a lot of work later on”, 即 “ 花少量时间提前做好规划就能省掉很多麻烦 ”, 故选 G 项。 试做真题 透析真题 高手必备 萃取高招 对点精练 3.C 　 根据下文 “ 花费几乎相同的时间来制作更多食物 ” 可推断出 , 这里指把制作一条面包改为制作三到四条面包。 4.A 　 根据下文 “It gives you the chance to hit upon new ideas and recipes...” 可推断出 , 本空应选 A 项 ( 尝试新事物 ) 。 5.F 　 根据下文 “ 不要让繁忙的日程妨碍你在饮食和生活方式上做出美好的改变 ” 可推断出 , 答案为 F 项 ( 让烹饪和生活仅仅是享受而非负担 ) 。 试做真题 透析真题 高手必备 萃取高招 对点精练 Passage 14 (2013 全国 Ⅰ ) Business is the organized approach to providing customers with the goods and services they want.The word business also refers to an organization that provides these goods and services.Most businesses seek to make a profit( 利润 )—that is,they aim to achieve income that is more than the costs of operating the business. 　 1 　 Commonly called nonprofits,these organizations are primarily nongovernmental service providers. 　 2 　   试做真题 透析真题 高手必备 萃取高招 对点精练 Business management is a term used to describe the techniques of planning,direction,and control of the operations of a business. 　 3 　 One is the establishment( 制定 )of broad basic policies with respect to production;sales;the purchase of equipment,materials and supplies;and accounting. 　 4 　 The third relates to the establishment of standards of word in all departments.Direction is concerned primarily with supervision( 监管 )and guidance by the management in authority. 　 5 　   试做真题 透析真题 高手必备 萃取高招 对点精练 A.Control includes the use of records and reports to compare actual work with the set standards for work. B.In this connection there is the difference between top management and operative management. C.Examples of nonprofit businesses include such organizations as social service agencies and many hospitals. D.However,some businesses only seek to earn enough to cover their operating costs. E.The second aspect relates to the application of these policies by departments. F.In the theory of business management,organization has two main aspects. G.Planning in business management has three main aspects. 试做真题 透析真题 高手必备 萃取高招 对点精练 【答案与解析】 【语篇解读】 本文是说明文。生意是给顾客提供商品和服务的有效手段 , 其目的有两种 : 一个是营利 , 另一个是非营利。文章介绍了 business management 的含义。 1.D 　 上文谈到有利润的生意 , 下文则出现了转折 , 是无利润的生意 ; 还有 , 下文中的 nonprofits 和 D 项的意思一致。 2.C 　 根据上文中的 “Commonly called nonprofits,these organizations are primarily nongovernmental service providers.” 可知 , 此处是给出的有关 nonprofits 的具体例子 , 故 C 项是正确答案。 试做真题 透析真题 高手必备 萃取高招 对点精练 3.G 　 根据下文中提到的三个方面的介绍可知 , 此处是总述 , 下文是分述 , 故选 G 项。 4.E 　 上文提到第一个方面 , 下文提到第三个方面 , 很显然此处是第二个方面。 5.A 　 该段中上文提到 planning 和 direction, 所以最后作者开始解释 control 。 试做真题 透析真题 高手必备 萃取高招 对点精练 【答案与解析】 【语篇解读】 本文是说明文。生意是给顾客提供商品和服务的有效手段 , 其目的有两种 : 一个是营利 , 另一个是非营利。文章介绍了 business management 的含义。 1.D 　 上文谈到有利润的生意 , 下文则出现了转折 , 是无利润的生意 ; 还有 , 下文中的 nonprofits 和 D 项的意思一致。 2.C 　 根据上文中的 “Commonly called nonprofits,these organizations are primarily nongovernmental service providers.” 可知 , 此处是给出的有关 nonprofits 的具体例子 , 故 C 项是正确答案。 试做真题 透析真题 高手必备 萃取高招 对点精练 3.G 　 根据下文中提到的三个方面的介绍可知 , 此处是总述 , 下文是分述 , 故选 G 项。 4.E 　 上文提到第一个方面 , 下文提到第三个方面 , 很显然此处是第二个方面。 5.A 　 该段中上文提到 planning 和 direction, 所以最后作者开始解释 control 。 试做真题 透析真题 高手必备 萃取高招 对点精练 Passage 15 (2013 全国 Ⅱ ) Public Speaking Training ·Get a coach 　 1 　 ,so get help.Since there are about a billion companies out there all ready to offer you public speaking training and courses,here are some things to look for when deciding the training that’s right for you.  ·Focus on positives Any training you do to become more effective at public speaking should always focus on the positive aspects of what you already do well.Nothing can hurt confidence more than being told that you aren’t doing well. 　 2 　 ,so good public speaking training should develop those instead of telling you what you shouldn’t do.  　 3 　   试做真题 透析真题 高手必备 萃取高招 对点精练 If you find a public speaking course that looks as though it’s going to give you lots of dos and don’ts,walkaway!Your brain is so full of what you’re going to be talking about. 　 4 　 .As far as we’re concerned,there are basically no hard and fast rules about public speaking.Your audience can be your friends.  ·You are a special person not a clone Most importantly,good public speaking training should treat you as a special one,with your own personal habits. 　 5 　 .Your training course should help you bring out your personality,not try to turn you into someone you’re not.  试做真题 透析真题 高手必备 萃取高招 对点精练 A.You aren’t like anybody else B.You already do lots of things well C.Turn your back on too many rules D.Check the rules about dos and don’ts E.Whatever the presentation,public speaking is tough F.The one thing you don’t want is for them to fall asleep G.So trying to force a whole set of rules into it will just make things worse 试做真题 透析真题 高手必备 萃取高招 对点精练 【答案与解析】 【语篇解读】 本文是说明文。训练演讲能力的方式很多 , 其中包括接受指导、积极主动、放弃规则和坚持自我等。 1.E 　本文介绍训练演讲能力的方法 , 所以此处是文章主题句 ; 再联系下文中的 so get help 可知 ,E 项填入此空最合适。 2.B 　 下文中提到应该发展自己的优势 , 说明你在许多面做得不错。 3.C 　 下文中提到要放弃束缚自己的规则 , 也没有捷径可走 , 这样 C 项作为该段的小标题是最佳选项。 4.G 　 该段的主旨是放弃规则 , 所以此处是谈到墨守规则的害处 , 这个语境也和上文的意思一致。 5.A 　 根据上文中的 “...treat you as a special one,with your own personal habits.” 可以推知 , 你和其他任何人都不同。 试做真题 透析真题 高手必备 萃取高招 对点精练 Passage 16 (2013 北京 ) Urbanization Until relatively recently,the vast majority of human beings lived and died without ever seeing a city.The first city was probably founded no more than 5,500 years ago. 　 1 　 In fact,nearly everyone lived on farms or in tiny rural( 乡村的 ) villages.It was not until the 20th century that Great Britain became the first urban society in history—a society in which the majority of people live in cities and do not farm for a living.  Britain was only the beginning. 　 2 　 The process of urbanization—the migration( 迁徙 ) of people from the countryside to the city—was the result of modernization,which has rapidly transformed how people live and where they live.  试做真题 透析真题 高手必备 萃取高招 对点精练 In 1990,fewer than 40% of Americans lived in urban areas.Today,over 82% of Americans live in cities.Only about 2% live on farms. 　 3 　   Large cities were impossible until agriculture became industrialized.Even in advanced agricultural societies,it took about ninety-five people on farms to feed five people in cities. 　 4 　 Until modern times,those living in cities were mainly the ruling elite( 精英 ) and the servants,laborers and professionals who served them.Cities survived by taxing farmers and were limited in size by the amount of surplus food that the rural population produced and by the ability to move this surplus from farm to city.  试做真题 透析真题 高手必备 萃取高招 对点精练 Over the past two centuries,the Industrial Revolution has broken this balance between the city and the country. 　 5 　 Today,instead of needing ninety-five farmers to feed five city people,one American farmer is able to feed more than a hundred non-farmers.  A.That kept cities very small. B.The rest live in small towns. C.The effects of urban living on people should be considered. D.Soon many other industrial nations became urban societies. E.But even 200 years ago,only a few people could live in cities. F.Modernization drew people to the cities and made farmers more productive. G.Modern cities have destroyed social relations and the health of human beings. 试做真题 透析真题 高手必备 萃取高招 对点精练 【答案与解析】 【语篇解读】 本文为说明文 , 主要讲述了城市化的进程。 1.E 　 第一段主要讲述了在过去城市非常少 , 大多数人都是住在农场或乡村里 , 根据主旨可知应选择 E 项。 2.D 　 空格前一句中的 beginning 与 D 项中的 Soon 相对应 , 英国只是个开始 , 之后一些其他的国家也开始成为城市化的社会 , 故选择 D 项。 3.B 　 空格所在的段落通过列举数据来体现现在城市化的扩大 , 绝大多数的美国人住在城市里 , 少部分住在农场里 , 因此此空说明剩下的人居住在何地 , 故选择 B 项。 4.A 　 此空之前在阐述过去城市不可能大的原因 , 因此 A 项与前面的意思对应。 5.F 　 空格前一句阐述工业革命打破了此前城市和乡村的这种平衡 , 因此空格处是对前一句内容的进一步阐述 , 因此选择 F 项。 试做真题 透析真题 高手必备 萃取高招 对点精练 ( 一 )(2016 全国 Ⅰ 节选 ) There are three main types of cryptography. 37(E) For example,the first letters of “My elephant eats too many eels” spell out the hidden message “Meet me.” 　 38 　 You might represent each letter with a number,for example.Let’s number the letters of the alphabet,in order,from 1 to 26.If we substitute a number for each letter,the message “Meet me” would read “13 　 5 　 5 　 20 　 13 　 5.”  E.You can hide a message by having the first letter of each word spell it out. G.Another way to hide a message is to use symbols to stand for specific letters of the alphabet. 试做真题 透析真题 高手必备 萃取高招 对点精练 【答案】 G 　 本题设题在段首 , 为段落主题句 , 需要填一个主旨句或一个承上启下句。细读下文可知 , 下文举例说明了用数字来代替字母的密码方式 , 空格处应为一个主旨句 , 由此可知 G 项能起到统领本段的作用。故选 G 项。 试做真题 透析真题 高手必备 萃取高招 对点精练 试做真题 透析真题 高手必备 萃取高招 对点精练 ( 二 )(2016 北京节选 ) No matter where you are on the risk seeking range,scientists say that your willingness to take risks increases during your teenage years. 　 74(E) 　 To help you do that,your brain increases your hunger for new experiences.New experiences often mean taking some risks,so your brain raises your tolerance for risk as well.  　 75 　 For the risk seekers,a part of the brain related to pleasure becomes active,while for the rest of us,a part of the brain related to fear becomes active.  E.This is when you start to move away from your family and into the bigger world. G.New brain research suggests our brains work differently when we face a nervous situation. 试做真题 透析真题 高手必备 萃取高招 对点精练 【答案】 G 　 此处段首设空 , 需补充一个承上启下句。上文主要讲述了科学家的观点 —— 对冒险活动的热爱在青少年时期有所增长。大脑增加了对新体验的渴望 , 而新的体验也意味着许多冒险。 75 题承接上文 , 引入下文的讲述 , 即 “ 新的大脑研究表明当我们面对紧张的情况时 , 我们的大脑的工作方式是不同的 ” 。接着阐述是如何的不同。故选 G 项。 试做真题 透析真题 高手必备 萃取高招 对点精练 试做真题 透析真题 高手必备 萃取高招 对点精练 ( 三 )(2014 北京节选 ) Making good choices about your own health requires reasonable evaluation.A key first step in bettering your evaluation ability is to look carefully at your sources of health information.Reasonable evaluation includes knowing where and how to find relevant information,how to separate fact from opinion,how to recognize poor reasoning,and how to analyze information and the reliability of sources. 　 71 　   试做真题 透析真题 高手必备 萃取高招 对点精练 Go to the original source.Media reports often simplify the results of medical research.Find out for yourself what a study really reported,and determine whether it was based on good science.Think about the type of study. 　 72(D) 　   D.And examine the findings of the original research. G.The following suggestions can help you sort through the health information you receive from common sources. 【答案】 G 　 本题设题处为第一段段尾。第一段简要提出我们要学会分析来自各种渠道的健康信息 , 第二段就如何对这些信息进行分类整理提出一些建议。从文章篇章结构分析 , 空格处起承上启下的作用。故选 G 项。 试做真题 透析真题 高手必备 萃取高招 对点精练 试做真题 透析真题 高手必备 萃取高招 对点精练 阅读七选五是一篇大约 300 词的短文 , 有五个正确选项和两个干扰选项。考查考生的阅读理解能力、语篇分析能力和上下文的逻辑判断能力。选项的设题形式主要以标题概括、段首大意、过渡句和情节中的细节句为主。 一、阅读七选五的命题特点 1 . 短文体裁 : 以说明文为主。除 2013 年和 2016 年全国 Ⅰ 卷是描述性说明文 ( 介绍 ) 外 , 其他语篇均属于 “ 如何做 ” 的指导性说明文。 2 . 短文特征 : 结构明了 , 一般为 “ 总 —— 分 ” 结构 , 在主题段和主题句后展开讨论主题。文章层次分明 , 逻辑严密 , 在语篇结构上通常使用明显的语言和格式标记 , 便于考生理解。 指导性说明文中常含有 ways,methods,skills,techniques( 方法 , 技巧 ),suggestions,tips( 建议 ),steps( 步骤 ),how,how to do sth.( 如何做 ) 等词。每个建议单独成段 , 且常有 “ ● ” 作标记。 试做真题 透析真题 高手必备 萃取高招 对点精练 3 . 主要考点 主旨大意题 : 包括要求考生选出小标题、主题句及总结句。 句际关系题 : 正确选项与上下句之间的关系主要有总分、并列、顺承、排比、转折、因果、注释、举例和对比等 , 这是考查的重点。 4 . 设空特点 : 空格处通常是五个完整的句子 , 但有时是并列分句或从句 , 甚至是用逗号隔开的短语 ( 通常作状语 ) 。空格的位置在段首、段中或段尾。 5 . 选项特点 : 除 2013 全国 Ⅰ 卷和 2012 年全国卷两份试题由最长到最短依次排列外 , 其余均由最短到最长依次排列。 七个选项通常以句号和问句结尾 , 但若有以没有标点结尾的小标题选项时 , 七个选项也都不用标点 ( 标点在文中横线末 ), 如 2016 年和 2015 年的全国 Ⅱ 卷。 试做真题 透析真题 高手必备 萃取高招 对点精练 二、阅读七选五必备解题能力 1 . 分析文章脉络 , 把握主旨和篇章层次的能力 阅读七选五的文章 , 无论是描述性说明文还是指导类说明文 , 一般是 “ 总 —— 分 ” 结构 , 有主题段 , 每段有主题句或小标题。 文章层次包含两种形式 : 一种是分析整篇文章的层次 —— 语篇层次 ; 另一种是分析每一个段落的内部层次 —— 语际层次。 2 . 研读句群 , 把握句间逻辑的能力 其方式有两种 : 一是靠句子间意义的结合 , 二是靠句子间的关联词等逻辑性插入语来连接。在分析语段层次时 , 可以借助句子间的意义关系 , 把握作者的思路 , 从语序上去发现断续点 , 理清层次。 试做真题 透析真题 高手必备 萃取高招 对点精练 3 . 掌握语篇衔接手段的能力 手段主要有语法手段 ( 如替代等 ) 和词汇手段 ( 如复现关系、同现关系等 ) 。 (1) 语法手段 ( 指代 ): 凡在选项中或空格前、后句中遇到代词 , 我们要思考该代词替代上文中的什么内容 , 意义是否通顺。 (2) 词汇手段 ( 复现 / 同现 ): ① 词语复现 : 是指空格前、后句中与正确选项中含有相同的一个或几个词 ; 如果前后句与选项中虽然没有相同的词 , 但有同义表达 , 叫同义复现 ; 此外 , 还有同根词复现、上下义复现等。 ② 词语同现 : 词义上相互关联的词语在上下文中有同时出现的可能性 , 叫词语同现 , 也有人称之为 “ 词场 ” 。如 school,teacher,student,headmaster,class,test,fall,pass,learn 等这些词就有可能在同一篇文章中同时出现。 ③ 结构复现 : 就是句子结构重复出现 , 常有 also 作为标志词。 试做真题 透析真题 高手必备 萃取高招 对点精练 【温馨提示】 词汇复现是比较高效的解题策略 , 在解题过程中需重点考虑或优先考虑含有复现词汇的选项。但这并不意味着有同义复现的选项都是正确的。命题人通常也会利用词汇复现设计干扰选项 , 考生要具备反侦察能力 , 方可应用自如。 4 . 把握文章句际的逻辑关系 (1) 总分关系 : 要求考生据 “ 总 ( 主题句 )” 选 “ 分 ( 支撑句或分述句 )”, 或据 “ 分 ” 选 “ 总 ” 。 (2) 顺承关系 : 顺承是按时间、空间或逻辑事理上的顺序说出连续的动作或相关的情况 , 分句之间有先后相承的关系。 (3) 转折关系 : 选项或空后句中常有 but,however,instead 等词。 (4) 因果关系 : 空格前后可能有 so,therefore,since,because 等词。 试做真题 透析真题 高手必备 萃取高招 对点精练 三、阅读七选五挖空位置特点剖析 1 . 挖空位置在段首 (1) 往往考查段落主题句。通常情况下段落的中心都会出现在本段的开头部分。这对考生把握本段和理解全文有指导性意义。考生可以根据段落一致性原则 , 推断出该段的主题句。如 : 　 According to some psychologists,if parents are always telling a child that he or she is a fool or an idiot,then the child is more likely to keep doing silly and foolish things.So it is probably better for parents to say very positive things to their children.  A.Parents should also be careful about what they say to young children. B.The children are then more likely to grow up bright and intelligent. 试做真题 透析真题 高手必备 萃取高招 对点精练 【剖析】 A 　 阅读空后内容可知 “ 根据一些心理学家的观点 , 如果父母总是说孩子傻 , 那么孩子就可能做傻事 , 因此父母应该多说一些积极的话 ” 。根据 “ 挖空位置在段首 , 通常是段落主题句 ” 的原则 , 可以推断出挖空内容一定与父母对孩子所说的话相关 , 这样很容易就可以判断 A 项为本段的主题句。 试做真题 透析真题 高手必备 萃取高招 对点精练 (2) 考生要精读本段内容 , 特别是挖空后面的第一、二句 , 肯定会有相关信息词与某个选项中的内容相关或者对应。如 : 　 They say it’s boring to hear the same songs all the time.But other people enjoy hearing Muzak in public places.They say it helps them relax and feel calm.One way or another,Muzak affects everyone.Some farmers even say their cows give more milk when they hear Muzak!   A.Some people don’t like Muzak. B.Muzak tends to help people understand music better. 【剖析】 A 　 挖空后的第一句话中出现的相关信息词 ,“They” 与 A 项中的 “Some people” 为指代关系 ;“boring” 就意味着 “don’t like” 。因此 A 项是正确答案。 试做真题 透析真题 高手必备 萃取高招 对点精练 2 . 挖空位置在段尾 段尾挖空内容通常是结论、概括性语句。选项中会设置表示结果、结论、总结等的关联词。如 : There is no doubt that analyzing the exact data is important to assessment of an actual event.But data should be dealt with wisely.We often get wrong data which mislead us.Remember,data have no feeling but we humans have.Data don’t mean much to people if we do not have the abilities to analyze the data with the knowledge and confidence to judge whether they are true or false. 　　   A.We should try our best to be wise thinkers. B.Sometimes our hearts and minds are more sensitive than data. 试做真题 透析真题 高手必备 萃取高招 对点精练 【剖析】 A 　 此题挖空位置在段尾 , 空格前的论述内容是 “ 虽然数据很重要 , 但是如果我们没有能力运用所学知识和自信去分析数据正确与否 , 那么数据对我们来说就毫无意义 ” 。所得出的结论就是 “ 我们要尽最大努力成为一名睿智的思考者 ”, 因此 A 项是正确答案。 试做真题 透析真题 高手必备 萃取高招 对点精练 3 . 挖空位置在段中 挖空位置如果在段中 , 往往考查上下文的逻辑关系 , 则其所填句子含义应与前句、后句保持一致。此处往往有体现前后句逻辑关系的关联词。如 : ( 一 )There are a number of things you can do to beat your fears.One important approach is to become an expert in your problem.There are countless books and websites providing up-to-date theories and explanations about fears. 　　　 If you become an expert in your fear,you will be able to make good decisions about the best treatment to overcome it.  A.You can also go to lectures and workshops. B.Making some simple changes to your diet can make you look good. 试做真题 透析真题 高手必备 萃取高招 对点精练 【剖析】 A 　 此题挖空位于段中 , 就要关注体现前后句逻辑关系的关联词。阅读空格前句子可知其内容为克服恐惧的方法 ; 阅读选项后可以锁定含有递进含义 “also” 的 A 项 , 其内容也是进一步提供克服恐惧的方法。 试做真题 透析真题 高手必备 萃取高招 对点精练 ( 二 )Stone Age people hunted wild animals for their meat,which had much less fat than domestic ones.They ate a lot of fresh wild vegetables and fruits.They didn’t have milk or any other dairy products,and they made very little use of grains. 　　　 We eat six times more salt than our ancestors.We eat more sugar.We eat twice as much fat but only one third as much protein and much less Vitamin C.  A.Stone Age people lived a simple life. B.But today,we enjoy eating a lot of these. C.In that case,they would live a much healthier life. 【剖析】 B 　 此题挖空位于段中 , 阅读空前空后句子 , 可以发现空前内容是石器时代人们的饮食习惯 ; 空后所描述的是现代人的饮食习惯。因此空前内容与挖空内容为转折关系 , 可锁定含有关联词 “but” 的 B 项。 试做真题 透析真题 高手必备 萃取高招 对点精练 高招 1 借 “ 词 ” 发挥 , 破解阅读七选五 典例 1 (2015 北京节选 ) First,understand that some opportunities( 机会 )for daydreaming are better than others.Feeling safe and relaxed will help you to slip into daydreams. 　 73 　 And if you want to improve your chances of having a creative idea while you’re daydreaming,try to do it while you are involved in another task—preferably something simple,like taking a shower or walking,or even making meaningless drawings.  A.Having interesting things to think about also helps. B.They stare off into space and wander by themselves. C.Without wandering minds,we wouldn’t have relativity,Coke or Post-it notes. 试做真题 透析真题 高手必备 萃取高招 对点精练 【剖析】 A 　 选项中的 “also helps” 与空前一句中的 “help” 对应 , 且两句话主语形式统一 , 都说的是做白日梦的条件 , 故 A 项为正确答案。句意为 “ 思考一些有趣的事情对此也有帮助 ” 。 【方法综述】 词汇复现法 复现不是指词语的简单再现 , 而是指某个词语可能以不同的词类、词性、数、格、时态及语态等形式出现。如 read,reading,reader 。有时也会以同义词或反义词的形式出现。做题时 , 要观察选项中是否有与文章空格处的上下文有复现的词汇 , 根据复现的词汇 , 结合上下文的逻辑关系 , 做出正确的选择。 试做真题 透析真题 高手必备 萃取高招 对点精练 高招 2 慎读代词 , 攻克阅读七选五 典例 2 (2015 北京节选 ) It’s also important to know how to avoid daydreams for those times when you really need to concentrate.“Mindfulness”,being focused,is a tool that some people use to avoid falling asleep. 　 74 　   D.At one time,daydreaming was thought to be a cause of some mental illnesses. E.It involves slow,steady breathing for self-control that helps people stay calm and attentive. F.Daydreams are often very simple and direct,quite unlike sleep dreams,which may be hard to understand. 试做真题 透析真题 高手必备 萃取高招 对点精练 【剖析】 E 　 本段叙述了在人们需要集中注意力时 , 如何避免做白日梦。 it 指代上文提到的 mindfulness,E 项中的关键词 attentive( 专注的 ) 与之相符。 【方法综述】 词汇指代法 英语表达中 , 有时会用代词或定冠词来指代前面提及的名词或是前面的一个句子。如 it,they,this,these,the,all 等。由此可以得知前面指代的名词的数。分析逻辑关系时也要注意这些代词所指代的内容。 试做真题 透析真题 高手必备 萃取高招 对点精练 第 1 组 A (2017 广东广州一模 ) We’ve all experienced peer pressure( 同伴压力 ).It happens to everybody.However,people have different reactions.Confident people refuse to do things they don’t want to do,but shy and anxious people often give in.It may be because they want to be liked.It may be because they worry that their friends will make fun of them,or perhaps they’re just curious about trying something new. 　 1 　   试做真题 透析真题 高手必备 萃取高招 对点精练 It’s hard being the only one who says no and the question is:how do you do it? 　 2 　 If you think that missing maths,or smoking,or going somewhere you know your parents wouldn’t like is a bad idea then the answer is simple:don’t do it.It’s your decision,nobody else’s.You don’t need to be aggressive.You need to say,“No,thanks.I don’t want to do that.”  Being on your own against everybody else is very hard,so it can really help to have at least one other peer,or friend,who will say no too. 　 3 　 You want friends who will support you when you’re in trouble.You don’t want people who will always agree with the majority.Remember,the most popular people aren’t always the most trustworthy.  　 4 　 You can learn a lot from people of your own age.They can teach you great football skills or the best way to do your maths homework.They can recommend music and advise you on fashion.And don’t forget you can tell them things too,and that always feels great.So,find friends who have similar interests.And remember,friendship isn’t about feeling depressed and guilty. 　 5 　   A.Choose your friends carefully. B.Firstly,you must decide what you believe in. C.It’s about sharing experiences and having fun. D.Of course,peer pressure isn’t completely bad. E.It may be because they were all born to be stubborn. F.Depression and guilt will surely give you peer pressure. G.Whatever the reason,some people end up doing things they really don’t want to. 试做真题 透析真题 高手必备 萃取高招 对点精练 试做真题 透析真题 高手必备 萃取高招 对点精练 【答案与解析】 【语篇解读】 本文为说明文。文章讲述了同辈压力有好有坏 , 我们该如何处理同辈压力。 1.G 　 空格前的 because 与 G 项中的 reason 相呼应 , 上文讲到自信的人和不自信的人在面对同辈压力时的不同表现 , 而原因通常是上文中列举出来的几种 。再筛选选项 ,G 项中提到了 reason 并且能承接上文 , 故选 G 项。 2.B 　 这一道题是位于独立的一段 , 且前文给出的信息较少 , 故重点看下文。下文的脉络清晰 , 主要提及了 如果你不喜欢某事或者做某事 ,“don’t do it” 这个字眼都描述了这段文字的态度。故选 B 项。 试做真题 透析真题 高手必备 萃取高招 对点精练 3.A 　 第三段 开始讲独自抗衡 peer pressure 很困难 , 有别人的支持对我们来说更有帮助 。而空格后开始讲述 “You want friends who will support you...You don’t want people who will always agree...” 。 后文开始讲述我们应该选择怎样的 “ 盟友 ” 。故选 A 项。   4.D 　 设空为 段落起始句 , 通常给出观点 , 看 下文的 “ 你能从同龄人中学习到很多 ” 及后续整个段落 , 可知答案为 D 项。 5.C 　 根据 上一句以及文章最后一段对 “ 好的朋友 ” 的定义 , 应该选 C 项。 试做真题 透析真题 高手必备 萃取高招 对点精练 B (2017 福建五校一模 ) High school can be quite the stressful time for any student.There are numerous stresses to deal with and the pressure can be more intense as you enter your senior year. 　 6 　 The answer is as follows.  　 7 　 Adjust your approach to your specific situation.For instance,if you’re active in your community and your school and have a large family,you may feel depressed by having all these people involved in your life on a daily basis. 　 8 　 You just may need a moment to be alone and collect your thoughts before moving on to the challenges that face you.  试做真题 透析真题 高手必备 萃取高招 对点精练 　 9 　 If your stress persists and you can’t figure out a way to handle it,you may want to try speaking to your school counselor( 顾问 ).If you don’t feel comfortable speaking to your counselor,try getting some other types of counseling.  Realize your limits,and plan around them.Don’t take on more than you can handle.If you take on too many things,you will be spread too thin and won’t be able to perform at your best in anything. 　 10 　 You will definitely feel more at ease!   试做真题 透析真题 高手必备 萃取高招 对点精练 A.Seek professional counseling. B.Why does the stress come into being? C.Try thinking of alternative ways to deal with stress. D.When you feel relieved,you can have a happier life. E.Taking some time out to be alone may be the best way to handle such stress. F.But how on earth can you reduce some of the stress? G.Evaluate what tasks and activities are most important and leave others behind. 试做真题 透析真题 高手必备 萃取高招 对点精练 【答案与解析】 【语篇解读】 本文为说明文。文章主要向高中生提供了一些减压的建议。 6.F 　空格后的 answer 与 F 项中 how 疑问词相呼应 , 根据下文 “The answer is as follows.” 可知 , 空格处应是提出了一个问题 , 且根据 下文给出的关于如何减压的建议 可知 , 应选 F 项。 7.C 　 根据下文可知 , 要根据具体情况调整方法 , 由此可知 , 解决压力时要有备用的方法 。 C 项与下文紧密衔接。故选 C 项。 8.E 　 下文主要说的是要给自己一些独处时间来整理思路 。 E 项 “ 处理这类压力的最好方法是一个人待一段时间 ” 与下文衔接 , 符合语境。故选 E 项。 试做真题 透析真题 高手必备 萃取高招 对点精练 9.A 　 根据下文可知 , 本段建议如果自己无法应对压力 , 应去咨询学校顾问或寻求其他咨询帮助 。 A 项能概括本段内容。故选 A 项。 10.G 　 根据上文可知 , 本段提出的建议是 : 认清自己的极限并以此为基础制订计划 , 这就要求我们分清轻重缓急 ; 再根据空格后内容 “ 你一定会感到更轻松 ” 可知 ,G 项 “ 评估什么任务和活动最重要 , 然后把其他不重要的搁置一边 ” 承接上下文 。故选 G 项。 试做真题 透析真题 高手必备 萃取高招 对点精练 C (2017 广东茂名一模 ) On Friday,the Ministry of Education,along with eight other central departments,published a document on preventing campus violence.The document stresses that if the perpetrators( 作恶者 )break the law they should be handed over to the police. 　 11 　 As early as May,it launched a campaign to deal with the issue.  试做真题 透析真题 高手必备 萃取高招 对点精练 　 12 　 Several cases have even aroused nationwide concern.  The root problem lies in some schools insisting on punishing the perpetrators with campus rules instead of calling the police,even though some incidents have already broken the law and the perpetrators should face legal punishments. 　 13 　   The schools do not want the perpetrators to go to court because it may harm their reputations so they prefer to “forget the bad things”. 　 14 　 The problem is:the more they try to hide it,the bigger their scandal( 丑闻 )is.  　 15 　 When the students who treat their schoolmates violently get extremely light punishments because of their young age,they might commit serious crimes in the future.  Such cases should arouse our concern.It is time we solved the problem of campus violence with rules of law. 试做真题 透析真题 高手必备 萃取高招 对点精练 A.Yet campus violence is still quite wild. B.The punishments of the schools are,of course,much lighter than legal punishments. C.Schools must be aware of the consequences of bullying and violent incidents in schools. D.This is not the first time that the ministry has introduced measures aimed at stopping campus violence. E.They think that by turning a blind eye to any wrongdoing that happens on campus,they can cheat everybody. F.Worse,by trying to hide the scandal instead of solving it,the schools have actually encouraged campus violence. G.Students with severe behavioral problems should be transferred to special schools suitable to their needs or receive criminal punishments. 试做真题 透析真题 高手必备 萃取高招 对点精练 【答案与解析】 【语篇解读】 本文为说明文。文章说明了校园暴力的猖獗 , 政府为阻止校园暴力采取了法律措施 , 但学校为了学校名誉从轻处理这类问题 , 这可能会加剧校园暴力。 11.D 　 “ 这不是教育部第一次为阻止校园暴力而采取的措施 ” 和后一句 “ 早在五月份它就已经发起了处理这个问题的行动 ” 相呼应 。 12.A 　 本段内容 与上一段是转折关系 ,“ 然而校园暴力仍然很猖狂 ” 。 13.B 　 与本段 “ punishing the perpetrators with campus rules instead of calling the police” 相呼应 。   14.E 　 本段 揭示学校对校园暴力从轻处理的原因 。 15.F 　 学校隐瞒校园暴力的丑闻会 带来更为严重的后果 , 此句 承上启下 。 试做真题 透析真题 高手必备 萃取高招 对点精练 D (2017 江西六校一模 ) They are strange-looking creatures,covered with hard scales( 鳞 ).They can roll up into a ball to protect themselves from enemies and have tongues that are longer than their bodies. 　 16 　 However,pangolins( 穿山甲 )have recently become the focus of Chinese people,after social media posts of the strange animal being eaten at dinner caused public anger.  试做真题 透析真题 高手必备 萃取高招 对点精练 Earlier this month,a photo of a micro blog post showing some people in Guangxi eating pangolins at a feast spread.A few days later,people were angered again by pictures posted on a woman’s weibo account showing her eating protected animals,including pangolins. 　 17 　 Many more pangolins have been hunted or killed.According to the International Union for Conservation of Nature(IUCN),more than 1 million of them have been killed or sold in the last 10 years. 　 18 　 In September,the IUCN added the pangolin to the world’s “endangered animals list”.They are now more endangered than pandas.  试做真题 透析真题 高手必备 萃取高招 对点精练 　 19 　 Many people in Asia and Africa consider pangolin meat is delicious.Some people even think pangolin scales have medicinal qualities.However,their scales are made of keratin,the same material human fingernails are made of.  　 20 　 World Pangolin Day is on the third Saturday of February each year.It’s a day to help people know more about pangolins.The government now stops anyone from buying and eating pangolins in China.  试做真题 透析真题 高手必备 萃取高招 对点精练 A.Luckily,the situation is getting better. B.Yet this is only the tip of the iceberg. C.The trade of pangolins across the world is also not allowed. D.They rarely get the attention of people,and some even don’t know they exist. E.I hope more people will join us to protect pangolins from such a sad situation. F.It also said that they are the most illegally traded mammals( 哺乳动物 )in the world. G.A growing trade of their scales and meat is the main reason for their decline in numbers. 试做真题 透析真题 高手必备 萃取高招 对点精练 【答案与解析】 【语篇解读】 本文为说明文。本文讲野生动物穿山甲面临的严峻形势 , 以及政府和社会为保护穿山甲而采取的措施。 16.D 　 转折关系 。 “They rarely get the attention of people( 它们很少得到人们的关注 )” 与下句 “pangolins have recently become the focus of Chinese people( 穿山甲最近成了中国人关注的焦点 )” 构成转折关系 。 17.B 　 递进关系。上段提到了两起吃穿山甲的例子 , 本段以 “Yet this is only the tip of the iceberg( 然而这只是冰山一角 )” 开头 , 接着讲到更多穿山甲被猎杀 。 试做真题 透析真题 高手必备 萃取高招 对点精练 18.F 　 递进关系。上句讲到 “ 近十年来 , 超过 100 万的穿山甲被杀害或贩卖 ”,F 项则 进一步指出 “ 穿山甲是世界上遭受非法贸易最严重的哺乳动物 ” 。 19.G 　 G 项句意为 : 穿山甲鳞片和肉的 贩卖不断增长 , 是它们 数量下降的主要原因 。其中的 meat 对应下句 pangolin meat is delicious;their scales 对应第三句 pangolin scales have medicinal qualities 。 20.A 　 上面几段讲了穿山甲的严峻形势 , 本段以 “Luckily,the situation is getting better( 幸运的是 , 形势正在好转 )” 开头 , 引出 “ 世界穿山甲日 ” 和政府对穿山甲的保护 。 试做真题 透析真题 高手必备 萃取高招 对点精练 第 2 组 A (2017 陕西西安一中模拟 ) Building healthy friendships is an important part of your social life.Your friends can have a major influence on how you think,feel,and behave.But how to choose right friends? Here are some useful ways. 试做真题 透析真题 高手必备 萃取高招 对点精练 1.Make sure your friends offer emotional support and guidance. Good friends will be willing to support you on a consistent basis,through your high points and your low points.Your friends should offer to support you during any difficult times. 　 1 　   2.Determine if you have a good balance of giving and taking. Good friendships also have a good balance of giving and taking,where you feel mutually supported. 　 2 　 You do not feel you are giving or taking more than the other person.  试做真题 透析真题 高手必备 萃取高招 对点精练 3.Decide if your friends bring out the best in you. Your friends should also encourage you to develop into the best version of yourself you can be.They should help you focus on how you can be yourself and achieve your goals.For example,maybe you are determined to get into medical school.Your friends may encourage you by asking about your studies and by helping you prepare your applications. 　 3 　 And celebrate you when you get into school.  4.Determine if you can communicate effectively with your friends. 　 4 　 You can share your thoughts and feelings without limits.You should be able to be yourself around your friends and feel you can share your opinions with them.  试做真题 透析真题 高手必备 萃取高招 对点精练 5 . 　 5 　   Good friendships are built on mutual respect and mutual trust.You should feel you can trust your friends.Good friends will stand up for you and support you.You should also develop respect for your friends.Though you may not share all the same interests or preferences,you should still respect their choices. A.Focus on making friends in person,rather than just online. B.They may also help you relieve the stress of the applications. C.They may also offer guidance and advice when you need it. D.Consider if you trust and respect your friends. E.You may volunteer with a group of people who are all supporting a cause. F.You may develop friendships where there is a balance of giving and taking. G.Another key aspect of a good friendship is positive communication. 试做真题 透析真题 高手必备 萃取高招 对点精练 【答案与解析】 【语篇解读】 本文是说明文。文章就如何交友给出了五点建议。 1.C 　 上文提到 无论是顺境还是逆境 , 朋友都会和你在一起 , 在任何困难面前都会支持你 。 C 项中提到 在需要时朋友会给予指导和建议 , 与上文一致 , 故选 C 项。 2.F 　 本段主要阐释 朋友间给予与得到应维持平衡 , 与 F 项中的 “a balance of giving and taking” 照应 , 故选 F 项。 3.B 　 此处具体阐述朋友对自己的帮助 , 举例来说 , 假如自己想上医学院 , 朋友会鼓励自己并帮助准备申请 ,B 项中的 “relieve the stress of the applications” 与前一句呼应 , 故选 B 项。 试做真题 透析真题 高手必备 萃取高招 对点精练 4.G 　 本段主要阐述与朋友间的有效交流 , 与 G 项 “positive communication” 一致 , 故选 G 项。 5.D 　 根据本段第一句 “Good friendships are built on mutual respect and mutual trust.” 可知 , 强调的是 朋友之间的尊重和信任的重要性 , 和 D 项一致 , 故选 D 项。 试做真题 透析真题 高手必备 萃取高招 对点精练 B Losing weight is tough.For most people,it requires a change in diet,a change in exercise habits,and a change in attitude. 　 6 　   ● Set healthy goals. If you’re overweight and want to change that,the first step is deciding what your target weight is. 　 7 　   ● Start small. Making major behavior modifications( 行为矫正 ) isn’t something that happens overnight. 　 8 　 Commit to eating 5 servings of vegetables a day and exercising 2 days a week for the first week,and then add a little more each week.  试做真题 透析真题 高手必备 萃取高招 对点精练 ● Track your diet and exercise. Now it’s time to start working toward that goal.The best way to stick with your diet and exercise rules is to track it. 　 9 　 Or you can do it the old fashioned way and keep a written food and exercise journal.Find what works for you and write down what you’ve accomplished every day.  ● 　 10 　   Every month you should take a look at your goal and see what type of progress you’ve made toward accomplishing it.If you’re not where you want to be,make minor adjustments.Try doing different exercises or cutting back on certain types of foods that you may be eating too much of. 试做真题 透析真题 高手必备 萃取高招 对点精练 Losing weight and keeping it off is a highly personal thing.Find what works for you and stick with it. A.Evaluate and adjust. B.Here’s how you can accomplish all the three. C.You might as well start with your own attitude. D.There are plenty of apps that allow you to do this. E.What steps are you going to take to achieve your goal. F.So start with 1-2 things per week and work up from there. G.Write down your goal and set a date by which you want to accomplish that goal. 试做真题 透析真题 高手必备 萃取高招 对点精练 【答案与解析】 【语篇解读】 本文为说明文。减肥需要改变饮食习惯、锻炼习惯以及态度 , 本文从四个方面介绍了如何实现这三个改变 , 从而成功减肥。 6.B 　根据空处的上句 “For most people,it requires a change in diet,a change in exercise habits,and a change in attitude” 可知 , 减肥需要改变饮食习惯、锻炼习惯以及态度 ; 结合下文各段标题可以判断 ,B 项 承上启下 , 故选 B 项。 7.G 　 根据该段的标题 “Set healthy goals.” 可知 , 该段主要 介绍了设定正常合理的目标 ; 据此可知 G 项符合文意。 8.F 　 根据该段标题 “Start small.” 可知 , 该段主要介绍从小处起步 ; 结合空处的下句可知 , 该句 介绍了第一周改变的两个习惯 , 并且每周增加要改变的一些习惯 ; 据此可以判断 F 项符合文意。 试做真题 透析真题 高手必备 萃取高招 对点精练 9.D 　 根据该段标题 “Track your diet and exercise.” 和空处的下句 “Or you can do it the old fashioned way and keep a written food and exercise journal” 可知 , 空处是 记录锻炼和饮食数据的新方法 , 现在有很多应用软件能帮你 , 故 D 项正确。 10.A 　 根据 “Every month you should take a look at your goal and see what type of progress you’ve made...make minor adjustments” 可知 , 该段主要介绍 评价和调整自己的减肥行动 , 故 A 项正确。 试做真题 透析真题 高手必备 萃取高招 对点精练 C (2017 辽宁大连模拟 ) Are you headed for college soon? 　 11 　 Here are some tips every college student should know.  Budget!Budget!Budget! Learn to manage your money wisely.Know how much you can spend at most ahead of time with respect to money.If required,start keeping a record of all the money you save and spend.Stop spending on things you don’t need. 　 12 　 Try taking things from library or rent them.It will save a lot of money and effort.  People always talk.You have to learn to ignore them! 试做真题 透析真题 高手必备 萃取高招 对点精练 It’s very important to have a social life.You create memories and go through various experiences with people you meet in college.At the same time,don’t get bothered by unnecessary comments.Some people tend to take them to heart. 　 13 　 Make sure that you know your limits when it comes to having a social life.  Confused about a major? 　 14 　 Don’t worry.You can change it.For instance,some engineering colleges allow this change after a year of study.In the first year,you should take your time to explore and think carefully about the possibilities and then make a decision regarding the department you want to major in.Take different classes to discover new areas of interests.You might surprise yourself.  试做真题 透析真题 高手必备 萃取高招 对点精练 Set goals! College is where the most mind-opening learning of your life will happen.It is important to set clear goals for each class you wish to take.Try to take at least one extra class per term. 　 15 　   A.It would be smart to avoid that. B.Time management is of great importance. C.Others work against their college authorities. D.At the same time,don’t overburden yourself. E.Buy your books and supplies only if necessary. F.Or are you already in college and still worried a lot? G.Still not sure if you want to continue in the same major? 试做真题 透析真题 高手必备 萃取高招 对点精练 【答案与解析】 【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。文章给即将开始大学生活的同学和一些虽已进入大学但仍然有所困惑的大学生们提出了几点建议 , 包括理财预算、社交生活、专业困惑以及设定目标四个方面。 11.F 　 F 项的内容 “Or are you already in college and still worried a lot?” 与空格前的 “Are you headed for college soon?” 为 并列关系 , 且 “worried a lot” 也 引出下文对给大学生的建议的讨论 。故选 F 项。 12.E 　 E 项的内容 “Buy your books and supplies only if necessary.” 与空格前的 “Stop spending on things you don’t need.” 为 并列关系 , 且在内容上高度一致。故选 E 项。 试做真题 透析真题 高手必备 萃取高招 对点精练 13.A 　 空格前的内容 “Some people tend to take them to heart.” 意为 “ 一些人常常把别人的话放在心上 ” 。依据本段小标题可知 , 这一行为与作者的建议是相悖的 。而 A 项则意为 “ 避免那样是明智的 ” 。故选 A 项。 14.G 　 本段是 讨论专业方面的困惑 ,G 项可以作为问题被提出 , 另外 , 下文的 “Don’t worry.You can change it.” 也给出了提示。故选 G 项。 15.D 　 空格前的句子意为 “ 每学期都努力攻读至少一门额外的课程 ” 。而 D 项则对这句话做出了 补充说明 : 与此同时 , 也不要给自己太大的压力 。符合语境。故选 D 项。 试做真题 透析真题 高手必备 萃取高招 对点精练 D Learning to set goals plays an important role as your child starts to gain independence.However,setting goals doesn’t come naturally to your child,so helping him to learn the process should probably be one of your goals. Explain the word “ goal ” . Your child may know what a goal is when it comes to soccer,but he may not understand what it means in everyday life. 　 16 　   试做真题 透析真题 高手必备 萃取高招 对点精练 Listen to your child. Ideally,you want your child to be able to decide for himself what his goals are. 　 17 　 Let him talk about what he thinks he does well and what he thinks he needs to improve.If he’s stuck,you can provide some examples of your own personal goals.  Help keep goals achievable. Don’t throw cold water on your child. 　 18 　 For example,if your child wants to be a champion swimmer,but can’t swim an entire lap of the pool yet,you can suggest he start by making that his first goal.  　 19 　 Help your child write down his goals in an easy-to-follow form.Being able to see and check off the steps on the way to his goal is key in keeping him motivated.A really simple way is to have your child draw a ladder on a piece of paper,writing his goal at the top and each step to that goal on the rungs( 梯级 ). 　 20 　   试做真题 透析真题 高手必备 萃取高招 对点精练 A.Change goals every so often. B.Make a visual goal reminder. C.Don’t always tell him what you think. D.He’s climbing to the top as he gets closer to his goal. E.You can take sports as an example to help explain it to him. F.Once he has set up a goal,he may find it very difficult to achieve it. G.When a goal is beyond his reach,help him break it down into smaller pieces. 试做真题 透析真题 高手必备 萃取高招 对点精练 【答案与解析】 【语篇解读】 本文为说明文。主要介绍了如何帮助孩子设定自己的目标 , 从而使他们学会独立。要让孩子明白目标的概念、让孩子自己去决定他的目标、帮助孩子制定切实可行的目标等。 16.E 　根据空前的 “Your child may know what a goal is when it comes to soccer” 可知 , 通过 拿足球运动做例子让孩子明白目标的概念 , 所以选 E 项。 17.C 　 根据本段主题句 “ Listen to your child. ” 和空前的 “Ideally,you want your child to be able to decide for himself what his goals are” 可知 , 你 不要总是告诉孩子你的想法 , 要让孩子自己去决定他的目标 , 所以选 C 项。 试做真题 透析真题 高手必备 萃取高招 对点精练 18.G 　 根据本段主题句 “ Help keep goals achievable .” 和空后所举的例子可推知 , 父母 在孩子的目标太大不能实现的情况下 , 可以帮助其分解目标从而逐步实现目标 , 所以选 G 项。 19.B 　 根据空后的 “Help your child write down his goals in an easy-to-follow form” 可知 , 确定目标之后 , 要让孩子 把目标写下来 , 便于提醒和及时查看 , 所以选 B 项。 20.D 　 根据空前的 “A really simple way is to have your child draw a ladder on a piece of paper,writing his goal at the top and each step to that goal on the rungs( 梯级 )” 可知 , 爬向顶端就意味着离目标更近了 , 所以选 D 项。