专题09+非谓语动词-2019届高考英语热门考点全攻略

专题09+非谓语动词-2019届高考英语热门考点全攻略

命题探究 命题解读 命题规律 题型 ‎2016 课标 1‎ ‎2016 新课标 2‎ ‎2015 课标 1‎ ‎2015 课标 2‎ ‎2014 课标 1‎ ‎2014 课标 2‎ 考法说明 非谓语动词 作 定 语 语篇型语法填空 permitted (permit)‎ ‎---‎ conducted (conduct) living(live)‎ built (build)‎ amazing (amaze)‎ ‎---‎ 1. 语法填空主要集中对非谓语动词的定语、宾语、状语上， 其他几种成分也要掌握；‎ 2. 短文改错中，有动词形式错（如该用动名词却用不定式或原形的）‎ ‎，此外不定式符号 to 也是常考点。‎ 作 宾 语 introducing (introduce)‎ ‎---‎ ‎---‎ using (use)‎ ‎---‎ being(be) to stop(stop)‎ riding(ride)‎ ‎---‎ ‎---‎ ‎---‎ ‎---‎ ‎---‎ ‎---‎ 作 主 语 ‎---‎ to reduce ‎(reduce)‎ 作表语 ‎---‎ ‎---‎ ‎---‎ ‎---‎ ‎---‎ disappointed ‎(disappoint)‎ 作 宾 补 ‎---‎ to bring(bring)‎ ‎---‎ to cool(cool)‎ ‎---‎ ‎---‎ 作 状 语 短文 改错 ‎---‎ take→taking ‎---‎ ‎(after)looks→‎ ‎(after)looking ‎---‎ ‎---‎ ‎【考情分析】‎ 非谓语动词又称为非限定动词，它分不定式、动名词和分词三种。非谓语动词用法的考查在历年高考中占有相当的比例，试题的特征将继续呈现出“情景化”和“设问角度的多样化”的趋势，但试题的难度将会有所控制。‎ 解题思路：‎ ‎①解析句子结构，确定设空在句子中充当的功能（如状语、定语或宾补）；‎ ‎②找准相关动词的逻辑主语，确定该动词与逻辑主语是什么关系（主动还是被动）；‎ ‎③搜索句子中相关的时间信息，确定非谓语动词的恰当形式； ‎ ‎（2）非谓语动词作补语 ‎1）后接不定式的补语的动词及动词短语 advise, allow, ask, beg, cause, encourage, expect, forbid, force, get, intend, invite, like, love, order, persuade,‎ prefer, remind, require, teach, tell, want, warn, wish, wait for, call on, depend on 等。句型都是 V+sb to do sth ‎【注意】‎ ‎① think, consider, believe, suppose, feel, find, imagine, prove, appoint, judge 等词后常用to be 作宾补/主补。例：People considered him to be a great leader.‎ He imagines himself to be an able man.‎ ‎② fear, forgive, refuse, punish, suggest/propose, agree/approve, inform, insist/persist, hope, arrange, demand, prevent 后不能用不定式作补语。‎ ‎2）非谓语动词（词组）作感官动词、使役动词的宾补 ‎① 感官动词（词组）see, watch, observe, look at, notice, hear, listen to, feel 的宾语补足语有四种形式，以 see 为例：‎ see + 宾 语 doing sth 看见正做某事 宾语与宾补逻辑上的主动关系 do sth 看见…做了 being done 看见…正在被做 宾语与宾补逻辑上的被动关系 done 看见…被做 注意：不及物动词的过去分词作宾补表完成或状态。‎ ‎② 使役动词make, let, have, get 后接复合宾语的情况 make + 宾 语 do 让…做 ‎（宾语与宾补为逻辑上的主动关系）‎ done 让…被做 ‎（宾语与宾补为逻辑上的被动关系）‎ let + 宾 语 do 让…做 ‎（宾语与宾补为逻辑上的主动关系）‎ be done 让…被做 ‎（宾语与宾补为逻辑上的被动关系）‎ have + 宾 语 do sth 让…做；doing sth 让…持续做 ‎（宾语与宾补为逻辑上的主动关系）‎ done 让…被做 ‎（宾语与宾补为逻辑上的被动关系）‎ 注：也有have sth to do sth 这个结构，但这个结构中have 意为“有”。‎ get + 宾 语 to do sth 让…做；doing sth 让…开始做 ‎（宾语与宾补为逻辑上的主动关系）‎ done 让…被做 ‎（宾语与宾补为逻辑上的被动关系）‎ ‎③ 下列动词（词组）在主动语态中不带 to 的不定式作补足语，但在被动语态中要加上 to：它们是“吾看三室两厅一感觉”——5 看（look at, see, watch, notice, observe）；3 使（make, let, have）；2 听（listen to, hear）； 1 感觉（feel）。‎ 2） 动词leave, keep, find, catch 及介词 with 后加非谓语动词作复合宾语的情况 leave sb./sth doing sth 让某人/物一直做某事（宾语与宾语补足语之间是逻辑上的主动关系，表示动作正在进行）‎ sth.undone 留下事情未做（宾语与宾语补足语之间是逻辑上的被动关系，表示被动和完成，一般以 undone, unfinished, unsettled, untouched 为多）‎ sb to do sth 留下某人去做某事 不定式表示将来的动作 sth to be done 留下某事要做 keep sb./sth doing 使某人/物一直做某事 sb./sth done 使某人/物被…（表示被动且完成，或表示状态）‎ sb. doing 发现某人正在做某事 find sb/sth done 发现某人/物已经…（表完成或状态）‎ sb/sth (to be) adj 发现某人/物 with sb/sth doing （表主动且进行，或表特征）‎ sth being done（表被动且进行）‎ sth done（表被动且完成，或表状态）‎ sth to do（表示将来）‎ ‎（三）常用不定式作主语补足语的句型 Sb/Sth be said/believed/known/supposed/reported/considered/found/though + to do/to have done/to be done/ to have been done + 其 他 例：He is said to have gone abroad. (=It is said that he has gone abroad.)‎ 三、非谓语动词作主语、表语 ‎（一）非谓语动词（不定式、动名词）作主语 ‎1.不定式、动名词都可以作主语，但动名词作主语多指抽象的、概念性的动作，可以是多次的、经常性行为；不定式多表示具体的动作，尤其是一次的动作。‎ 例：Playing with fire is dangerous.（泛指玩火）‎ To play with fire will be dangerous.（指一次性动作）‎ ‎2.下列句型中常用动名词作主语 It is/was no use/good doing sth not any use/good of little use/good worth ‎3.下列句型中常用不定式作主语。‎ ‎① It + be + 名 词 + to do sth ‎② It takes sb + some time + to do sth ‎③ It + be + difficult, easy, hard, important, impossible, necessary 等 + for sb + to do sth ‎④ It + be + careless, clever, good, foolish, honest, kind, lazy, silly, stupid, wide 等 + of sb to do sth ‎4.“Wh- + 不定式”可作主语。‎ 例：When to leave hasn’t been decided yet.‎ Whether to drive or take the train is still a problem.‎ ‎（二）非谓语动词（不定式、动名词、分词）作表语 ‎1.不定式、动名词都可作表语，但动名词作表语多指抽象的、概念性的动作，可以是多次的、经常性的行为；不定式多表示具体的动作，尤其是某一次的动作。 ‎ ‎7 .不定式作状语 ‎（主要表示目的，也可表示结果和原因）‎ 不定式作目的状语 ‎（为了强调目的，有时可把不定式放在句首，或写作in order to或so as to）‎ ‎24 ) _____________________(做这个蛋糕), you need some eggs and flour. (make)‎ ‎38. ) It was unbelievable that the fans waited outside the gym for three hours just ____________________(只是为了看一眼) the sports stars. （look）‎ ‎25) All these gifts must be mailed immediately ________________________( 以便及时受到) for Christmas. （receive）‎ ‎26 ) ____________________ (要知道) more further information about it, call (920) 746-3789. （find）‎ ‎27) . ____________________(保证) the safety of gas, the government has checked the city’s gas supply system thoroughly. (ensure)‎ ‎8. 不定式作结果状语 分词和不定式都可作结果状语，前者表示的是顺理成章、自然而然的结果；‎ 而不定式作结果状语，有两种情况：①用来表示“意想不到、突然的结果”。‎ ‎②用于某些结构中，如“too…to…或so…as to…”。‎ ‎29 ) He tried many times to cheat in the exams , only _________________(结果被抓住) each time. ( catch )‎ ‎30) The boy got lost in the forest, never __________________________(找到) again. (find)‎ ‎【答案】‎ ‎29 ) to be caught ‎30 ) to be found ‎ ‎【解析】不定式作结果状语的运用。‎ 三. 不带to的不定式 下列短语后接不带to的不定式: had better, would rather, why not, cannot help but, rather than, other than, may as well 句式：I have no choice / option / alternative but to do…‎ I can not help but do… / I can do nothing but do… 我别无选择，只能…‎ What I can do is (to) do… 我能做的就是去做…‎ ‎31 ) He cannot help but ______________________(向他的父母求助) every time he is in trouble. (turn)‎ ‎32. ) In my opinion, you’d better _________________________(不要冒犯他). (offend)‎ 综合精练 短文改错 I watch TV until 12 o’clock, so I couldn’t go over my lessons. This morning I got up very late that I had to go to school without breakfast in hurry, but I was still late for the first class. When I entered the classroom, the maths teacher had to stop explain an important problem, and all the eyes were fixed upon me. My face turned red. Something even worse was happened to me in English class. The teacher asked me recite the text. However, I could say nothing and sorry, for I did not spend some time preparing my lessons. The teacher looked at me with his coldly eyes. I stood at my bench without daring to raise my head. How a terrible day I had! I will never do anything like this.‎ ‎【答案和解析】‎ 第一处：考察动词时态，通篇使用的是一般过去时，因此看电视直到12点也要用一般过去时。故要将watch改为watched.‎ 第二处：考察连词，我起床如此晚以至于早上不能吃早餐，“如此…以至于”so…that，故要把very改为so .‎ 第三处：考察冠词，我起床如此晚以至于早上匆忙赶到学校。in a hurry固定搭配“匆忙地”，故要将in 后面加a.‎ 第四处：考察非谓语动词，我打断数学老师讲课，数学老师停止正在做的事情，用stop doing something。故要将explain改为explaining.‎ 第八处：考察代词，因为我没有花费一分钟在复习功课上，spend…doing“花费时间做某事”，“任何的” any，故要some改为any.‎ 第九处：考察形容词，老师用冰冷的眼神看着我。形容词修饰名词,故要将coldly改为cold.‎ 第十处：考察感叹句引导词，我今天的一天真糟糕！感叹句：what + 冠词+形容词+名词或 how+形容词+冠词+名词，位于句首，首字母大写。故要将How改为What。‎