【英语】2019届二轮语法复习专题十一主谓一致（11页word版）

【英语】2019届二轮语法复习专题十一主谓一致（11页word版）

‎2019届二轮语法复习专题十一主谓一致 主谓一致是历年高考真题的考查点之一。主谓一致不仅是主语和谓语在数上的一致，还涉及时态、语态和修饰语等各方面。考查主要集中在数量词，连接的并列成分，非谓语动词、从句等作主语时的主谓一致等。做题时要分析句子成分，找出句子的主语和谓语动词，通过判断主语的单复数来决定谓语动词的单复数形式。‎ 主谓一致 名词作主语时的主谓一致 主语 谓语动词 可数名词单数或不可数名词 单数 可数名词复数 复数 只表示复数意义的集体名词people，police，cattle等 复数 集体名词family，class，group，army，audience，committee，crowd，government，staff，team等 单数(强调整体)‎ 复数(强调个体)‎ 单复数同形的名词means，sheep，works，deer，fish等 根据其表达的单复数意义而定 如：The news was really a shock to everyone present.‎ 这消息真的震惊了在场的每一个人。‎ Our football team is playing well.‎ 我们的足球队踢得很好。‎ Our football team are having baths and then coming back here for supper.‎ 我们的足球队员们正在洗澡，然后将回到这儿吃晚饭。‎ 数量概念词作主语时的主谓一致 主语 谓语动词 表示单位数量，如指时间、金钱、距离、长度、重量等的复数名词短语 单数 the rest/part (of) 及分数、百分数等 根据所指代或修饰的名词而定 one of＋可数名词复数 单数 a number of＋可数名词复数 复数 the number of ＋可数名词复数 单数 a quantity of/quantities of 根据quantity的形式而定 more than one/many a ＋可数名词单数 单数 如：Ten kilometers is too long for him to run.‎ 对他来说，跑十公里太长了。‎ Three fourths of the surface of the earth is sea.‎ 地球表面的四分之三是海。‎ A number of trees were planted on that day.‎ 那天种了大量的树。‎ One of my colleagues is to attend the meeting to be held tomorrow.‎ 我的一位同事将参加明天即将举行的会议。‎ ‎[即学即练]‎ 单句语法填空/单句改错 ‎1．Exercise 1 should be done in class as an example，while the rest ________ (be) to be finished as homework.‎ 解析：are　句意：练习题1在课堂上当范例，而其他的练习题当作业来完成。the rest后省略了“of the exercises”，谓语动词应该与exercises保持一致，因此用are。‎ ‎2．More than one tree ________ (plant) on March 12th，so I think our environment won’t be too bad.‎ 解析：has been planted　句意：三月十二日那天种了很多树，所以我认为我们的环境不会太糟糕。“more than one＋单数可数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。结合语境可知，此处应该用现在完成时。‎ ‎3．However,69% of our class is fond of it.‎ 解析：is→are　句意：然而，我们班69%的学生都喜欢它。此处class指的是班级成员，因此应该视为复数概念，于是谓语动词应该用复数形式。‎ 注意：在“one of＋复数名词/代词＋定语从句”结构中，定语从句中的谓语动词用复数形式。但当one之前出现the only，the very等修饰语时，定语从句的谓语动词应用单数形式。试比较：‎ He is one of the students who are always praised by the teachers in the class.‎ 他是班内总受老师表扬的学生之一。‎ He is the only one of the students who is always praised by the teachers in the class.‎ 他是班内总受老师表扬的唯一的学生。‎ 不定代词作主语时的主谓一致 主语 谓语动词 neither，either，each，anyone，somebody，everything，nobody等 单数 both/few/many/several (of) 等 复数 all/some/most (of)‎ 指代或修饰可数名词复数 复数 指代或修饰不可数名词 单数 none (of)‎ 指代或修饰可数名词复数 单、复数均可 指代或修饰不可数名词 单数 如：All is right.一切顺利。‎ All are present.人都到齐了。‎ None of them is/are aware of the danger.‎ 他们中没有人意识到危险。‎ ‎[即学即练]‎ 单句改错 ‎4．Last week，I watched two movies，but neither appeal to me.‎ 解析：appeal→appeals　句意：上个星期我看了两部电影，但没有一部吸引我。此处neither相当于neither of the two movies“两部电影中的任何一个都不”，其作主语时谓语动词应该用单数形式。‎ 并列结构作主语时的主谓一致 主语 谓语动词 由both...and...或and连接 复数 由either...or...，neither...nor...，or，not only...but also，not...but 连接 就近一致原则 如：Neither you nor I，nor anybody else knows how to do it.无论是你、我还是其他任何人都不知道怎么做。‎ ‎[即学即练]‎ 单句语法填空/单句改错 ‎5．Not only Tom but also Peter and Mary ________ (be) planning to go，because they have never been there before.‎ 解析：are　句意：不仅仅是汤姆，就连彼得和玛丽都在计划去那里，因为他们以前从来没有去过。not only...but(also)．..连接两个并列主语时，句子的谓语动词应和紧靠它的名词或代词的人称和数保持一致。此题中的谓语动词应和Peter and Mary一致，故谓语动词用复数。结合语境可知，此处应该用are。‎ ‎6．Boys and girls，the writer and the educator ________ (visit) our school.Be quiet!‎ 解析：are visiting　句意：孩子们，那位作家和那位教育家正在参观我们学校，请保持安静！“the writer and the educator”是两个人，谓语动词用复数。根据句意可知，此处应该用现在进行时。如果换成the writer and educator“那位作家兼教育家”，就指一个人了，谓语动词用单数。‎ ‎7．Not the workers but the boss were responsible for the accident.‎ 解析：were→was　句意：不是工人们而是老板应该为那次事故负责。not...but...连接两个主语，采用就近一致原则，因此谓语动词应该与“the boss”保持一致，即把were改为was。‎ 注意：1.and连接的两个并列主语在意义上指同一人、同一事物或同一概念时，谓语动词用单数。‎ My friend and lawyer has caught a very bad cold.‎ 我的律师同样也是我的朋友，他得了重感冒。‎ ‎2．由and连接的并列单数主语前若有no，each，every，many a等修饰，谓语动词要用单数。‎ Each doctor and each nurse was given a new shirt.‎ 给每个大夫和每个护士都发了一件新衬衫。‎ Many a teacher and many a student enjoys the book very much.‎ 许多老师和学生都很喜欢这本书。‎ 其他情况时的主谓一致 情况 谓语动词 主语后有with，along/together with，as well as，in addition to，besides，including，like，rather than，except，but等 与主语一致 there be 句式中 就近一致 单个不定式或动名词作主语 通常用单数 主语从句作主语 通常用单数 定语从句中关系代词作主语 与先行词一致 倒装句中 和其后的主语一致 如：To see is to believe.眼见为实。‎ Between the two windows hangs a picture.‎ 两扇窗户之间挂有一幅画。‎ ‎[即学即练]‎ 单句语法填空 ‎8．So far，many an American boy and many a British girl as well as the teachers ________ (invite) to be present.‎ 解析：has been invited　句意：到目前为止，许多美国男生、英国女生和老师均被邀请出席。谓语的形式应与as well as前的名词短语“many an American boy and many a British girl”保持一致，又根据时间状语“So far”可知，此处应该用完成时，此外，主语与invite之间存在动宾关系，所以用has been invited。‎ ‎9．What really counts ________ (be) the enjoyment.‎ 解析：is　句意：真正重要的是快乐。主语从句作主语，谓语动词用单数形式，故此处应该用is。‎ ‎10．A perfect gift with many flowers ________ (send) to the beautiful girl so she is very happy now.‎ 解析：has been sent　句意：这个漂亮的女孩收到了一份完美的礼物，这份礼物里有许多花，因此她现在非常开心。句子的真正主语为“A perfect gift”，所以谓语动词应用第三人称单数形式；根据句意可知此处要用现在完成时；gift与send之间存在动宾关系，所以用被动语态。‎ ‎11．I have read many books，some of which is in Spanish.‎ 解析：is→are　句意：我读过很多书，其中有一些是西班牙语的。which指代先行词books，因此定语从句谓语动词要用复数形式。‎ 注意：1.多个不定式或动名词作主语表示不同概念时，谓语动词用复数。Making mistakes and learning to correct them are a part of life.‎ 犯错误和学会改正错误是生活的一部分。‎ ‎2．what引导主语从句时，谓语动词根据从句所指的内容而定。‎ What he said has been recorded.‎ 他说的话已被录音。‎ What I say and think are none of your business.‎ 我说什么，想什么与你无关。‎ 英语中的主谓一致是指句子中作主语和谓语的成分之间在人称和数等方面保持一致。从近几年的高考英语语法填空和短文改错试题可以看出，主谓一致多和动词的时态、语态结合起来进行综合考查。也就是说，要做好主谓一致类试题，考生除了要考虑句中主语的人称和数的变化，还要考虑谓语动词的时态和语态的变化；既要理解和遵循语法规则，又要结合不同的语境来加以判断。一般来说，考生复习时要注意以下几个方面：‎ ‎1．了解主谓一致的基本原则 主语和谓语在人称和数上保持一致应遵循三个基本原则：语法一致原则，意义一致原则，就近一致原则。‎ ‎(1)语法一致原则指主语为单数名词或不可数名词，谓语动词用单数形式；主语为复数名词，谓语动词用复数形式。这是主谓一致最基本的原则。‎ ‎(2)意义一致原则指主语形式上是单数，但表达复数意义，谓语动词要用复数形式；或主语形式上是复数，但表达单数意义，则谓语动词要用单数形式。如：‎ My family are very well.我全家人都很健康。‎ ‎(3)就近一致原则指谓语动词的人称和数由最靠近它的主语决定。如： ‎ Neither my parents nor Tom is coming.‎ 我的父母亲和Tom都不来。‎ ‎2．把对主谓一致、动词的时态和语态的复习结合起来，并通过不断的练习来强化记忆语法规则 单句语法填空/单句改错 ‎1．(2017·全国卷Ⅰ)Fast food ________ (be) full of fat and salt；by eating more fast food people will get more salt and fat than they need in their diet.‎ 解析：is　句意：快餐富含脂肪和食盐，通过吃更多的快餐，人们将摄入比他们饮食所需要的还要多的盐和脂肪。根据句意可知，这里指一般情况，主语是不可数名词Fast food，所以填is。‎ ‎2．(2017·天津卷)It was when I got back to my apartment ________ I first came across my new neighbors.‎ 解析：that　句意：在我回到公寓的时候，我第一次遇到了我的新邻居。此处考查强调句型“It is/was＋强调部分＋that＋其他……”，在强调句型中，除了强调人时，可以用who外，其他的情况一律用that。‎ ‎3．(2016·全国卷Ⅱ)It could be anything—gardening，cooking，music，sports—but whatever it is，________(make) sure it’s a relief from daily stress rather than another thing to worry about.‎ 解析：make　句意：它可以是园艺、烹饪、音乐、运动等任何事情，但是，无论它是什么，务必保证它是让你释放压力而不是让你担忧的事。句中动词短语置于句首，构成祈使句，故用动词原形。‎ ‎4．(2016·全国卷Ⅱ)Leaving the less important things until tomorrow ________ (be) often acceptable.‎ 解析：is　考查句子结构和主谓一致。本句中单个动名词短语“Leaving...tomorrow”在句中作主语，谓语动词使用单词形式，所以用is。‎ ‎5．(2016·浙江卷)He would ask who we was and pretend not to know us.‎ 解析：was→were　主语是we，因此用were。‎ ‎6．(2016·全国卷Ⅲ)________ (positive) an article，the more likely it was to be shared，as Dr.Berger explains in his new book.‎ 解析：The more positive　考查the more...the more...结构，越……就越……。‎ ‎7．(2016·天津卷)You are waiting at a wrong place.It is at the hotel ________ the coach picks up tourists.‎ 解析：that　句意：你等错地方了。长途汽车来宾馆接游客。本题考查强调句型：It is/was＋被强调部分＋that/who＋其他。本句中at the hotel是被强调部分，缺强调句式中的that，故填that。‎ ‎8．(2016·全国卷Ⅲ)Confucius believed knives would remind people of killings and ________ (be)too violent for use at the table.‎ 解析：were　句意：孔子认为刀会给人们杀戮的提醒，用在餐桌上太暴力。主语是knives，讲述的是过去的事情，所以用were。‎ ‎9．(2016·江苏卷)Not until recently ________ they encourage the development of touristrelated activities in the rural areas.‎ 解析：did　句意：直到近期，他们才开始鼓励农村地区与旅游有关的活动的发展。not until位于句首时，句子需用部分倒装结构，此处指过去所发生的动作，需用一般过去时，故答案为did。‎ ‎10．(2016·天津卷)Only when Lily walked into the office ________ she realize that she had left the contract at home.‎ 解析：did　句意：直到Lily走进办公室她才意识到她把合同落在家里了。“Only＋状语从句”置于句首时，主句需用部分倒装形式。根据题干中的had left可以推断出设空处应该用一般过去时，故填did。‎ Ⅰ.单句语法填空/单句改错 ‎1．(2018·荆州中学质检)Only then ________ we realize there was an earthquake.I was too frightened to move.‎ 解析：did　句意：只有在那时我们才意识到地震发生了。我太害怕了以至于一动不动。“Only＋状语”位于句首，后面的句子需要部分倒装。本句介绍的是过去的事情，需用一般过去时，故填did。‎ ‎2．(2018·天津和平区模拟)I’m sorry.________ it not been for my illness，I would have come and lent you a helping hand.‎ 解析：Had　句意：对不起。要不是因为我生病，我就会过来帮你了。此处为与过去事实相反的虚拟语气，即条件从句应为：If it hadn’t been for my illness。将if省去，需把had提到句首，变为倒装句式，故设空处填had，且had的首字母要大写。‎ ‎3．(2018·荆门调研)It wasn’t until in high school ________ I began to trust other people again.‎ 解析：that　句意：直到上了高中我才开始再次信任别人。本句考查强调句型“It is/was＋被强调部分＋that＋其他成分”。‎ ‎4．(2018·安徽百校论坛联考)It is how you handle each challenge ________ counts.‎ 解析：that　句意：你怎样处理每一个挑战很重要。本题考查强调句型(It is/was＋被强调部分＋that/who＋其他成分)。本句中被强调部分为how you handle each challenge，表示“非人”，故填that。‎ ‎5．(2018·襄阳调研)It sounds fantastic，isn’t it?‎ 解析：isn’t→doesn’t　句意：那听起来非常好，是不是？本句为反意疑问句，根据本句中的sounds，可知需将isn’t改为doesn’t。‎ ‎6．(2018·山西重点中学协作体模拟)When taken exams，we sometimes cheat in order to get good results to make our parents and teachers pleased.‎ 解析：taken→taking　本题考查省略。句意：当我们参加考试时，为了取得好结果来使我们的父母和老师高兴，我们有时会作弊。将句子补全后为：When we are taking exams，we sometimes cheat in order to get good results to make our parents and teachers pleased.时间状语从句主语与主句主语一致，且从句中含有be动词时，可将从句主语和be动词去掉，故将taken改为taking。‎ ‎7．(2018·菏泽模拟)As is known to us all，some students have breakfast regularly while others don’t.There is several reasons.‎ 解析：There is→There are　句意：众所周知，一些学生有规律地吃早餐而其他学生并非如此。这有几个原因。there be句型中，be要和后面的主语保持一致，本句中several reasons为复数形式，故将There is改为There are。‎ ‎8．(2018·衡阳市八中、永州市四中联考)It is working in teams instead of on my own which has freed me from trouble and made my work more efficient.‎ 解析：which→that　句意：是团队合作而不是我自己单打独斗使我克服了困难并使我的工作效率更高。本句考查强调句型。强调句型为：It is/was＋被强调部分＋that＋其他成分。由此可见需将which改为that。‎ ‎9．(2018·河南中原名校联考)So suddenly the big fire happen that people had no time to escape.‎ 解析：suddenly后加did　本句使用了“so...that”结构，so＋形容词/副词置于句首，此时主句要用部分倒装，因此要在主语前面加上助动词did。‎ ‎10．(2018·合肥质检)It is for two months since they have stayed here.‎ 解析：去掉for或since→that　本句表示“他们在这里待了两个月”，应该用“it be＋时间名词＋since引导的状语从句”，或用强调句式“it be...that”。‎ Ⅱ.语篇填空 A Only when Tom reached his home __1__ he realize that he had left his keys in the office.__2__ upset he was! He knew that the only way out was to go back to the office to fetch his keys，though he hated __3__.Though__4__ (live) near the office，he knew no one was in the office at this time of the day，__5__ would it be convenient to call anyone for help.‎ It was at a second thought __6__ he decided to wander along the street to kill the time，and__7__ he did.At a bookshop，he came across a book.__8__ was the very book that he was looking for，one written by J．K.Rowling.He was crazy about Harry Potter series and__9__ great joy it was to find her new novel in the bookshop! After all，it isn’t a bad thing to get locked out sometimes，__10__ it?‎ ‎[语篇解读]　汤姆下班回家才发现自己把钥匙忘在办公室了，此时回去取钥匙是不可能了，因为办公室里没人。于是他决定逛街，结果在书店遇到他喜爱的小说。‎ ‎1．解析：did　本句“only＋状语”被放在了句首，此时主句要用部分倒装；根据语境可知这里用一般过去时，故填助动词did。‎ ‎2．解析：How　语境表示“他好郁闷啊”，用“how＋形容词”构成这个感叹句。‎ ‎3．解析：to　这个状语从句完整的表达是：though he hated to go back to the office。此处承前省略不定式的具体内容，但是这里要保留不定式的符号to。‎ ‎4．解析：living　语境有状语从句的从属连词，但是没有主语，因此用提示动词的现在分词，用“从属连词＋非谓语动词”构成状语从句的省略形式。‎ ‎5．解析：nor　语境表示“办公室里此时没人，在这个时候也不方便找别人帮忙”，用nor＋倒装句式表示“也不”。‎ ‎6．解析：that　与题干的It was呼应，这里用that构成强调句，被强调的是介词短语。‎ ‎7．解析：so　这里用so he did表示“他就这么办了”，表示对前面所述情况的肯定。‎ ‎8．解析：It　It was和that去掉后，该句子结构也成立。‎ ‎9．解析：what　这里是“what＋形容词＋名词(＋主语＋谓语)”构成的感叹句型。‎ ‎10．解析：is　前面陈述部分使用了否定句，此时反意疑问句用肯定句形式。‎ B Our school library，along with many other buildings，is very different from other schools’．There __1__ (be) two computer rooms，three art rooms, a meeting room and a reading room in the library building.The number of the books __2__ (be)large.It was 2,000,000 dollars __3__ all the books cost our school.It is such a large amount of money __4__ an average family can’t afford it，right？But in my view, it is worth it because in the era of knowledge explosion，many students have a thirst for knowledge.‎ Our library is also a multifunctional building.There are 500 computers in it.Many a student __5__ (surf) the Internet at weekends here and now you can see that my classmates，Mike and ‎ John，are surfing the Internet.__6__ happy they are!‎ Look！A professor and writer __7__ (be) delivering a speech in the meeting room.Every time there is a wonderful speech，the audience always __8__(cheer) up.What lovely children they are！Enter our art room __9__ you will find a teacher with his students is painting in the room.On the wall __10__ (be) about 500 pictures，which attract many students.‎ ‎[语篇解读]　本文为说明文，介绍了学校与众不同的图书馆。‎ ‎1．解析：are　本题考查there be句型的主谓一致问题。There be句型的主谓一致应遵循“就近一致”原则，故本句的谓语动词应与two computer rooms 保持一致。‎ ‎2．解析：is　“the number of＋复数名词”作主语时，谓语动词应与 the number 保持一致，即用动词的单数形式。‎ ‎3．解析：that　本题考查强调句型。强调句型是“It is/was＋被强调部分＋that/who＋其他成分”。本句被强调部分为：2,000，000 dollars，故答案为that。‎ ‎4．解析：that　本题考查“such...that...”句型。句意：这是如此大的一笔钱以至于一个普通家庭负担不起，是不是？‎ ‎5．解析：surfs　“many a/an＋单数名词”作主语，谓语动词需用单数形式，故答案为surfs。‎ ‎6．解析：How　本题考查感叹句。设空处后为形容词，故答案为How。‎ ‎7．解析：is　此处主语a professor and writer(一位教授兼作家)指的是一个人，故设空处用is。‎ ‎8．解析：cheer/cheers　the audience作主语时，谓语动词用单复数均可。‎ ‎9．解析：and　本题考查“祈使句＋and＋陈述句”，本句型相当于“if从句，主句”。句意：走进我们的美术教室，你就会看到一位老师和他的学生们正在教室里画画。‎ ‎10．解析：are　本题考查倒装句。主语为about 500 pictures。故答案为are。将本句改为正常语序后为：About 500 pictures are on the wall。‎ Ⅲ.短文改错 Dear Ms.J.K.Rowling，‎ Glad to write to you.I like reading all of your Harry Potter book.A few days before，I listened to a radio programme about you.Now I know what was at home and in other countries that you teach English before you started writing books.‎ I also know that only when your baby daughter was asleep you write the first book，so you worked on them for five years.What difficult the job is！Your son David and your daughter Jessica must be proud for you.I hope I can be as successful as you when I grew up.Thank you for spending time read my letter.‎ Yours sincerely，‎ Michele 答案：‎ Dear Ms.J.K.Rowling，‎ Glad to write to you.I like reading all of your Harry Potter .A few days ，I listened to a radio programme about you.Now I know was at home and in other countries that you English before you started writing books.‎ I also know that only when your baby daughter was asleep you write the first book，so you worked on for five years. difficult the job is！Your son David and your daughter Jessica must be proud you.I hope I can be as successful as you when I up.Thank you for spending time my letter.‎ Yours sincerely，‎ Michele