2020届二轮复习定语从句课件（76张）

2020届二轮复习定语从句课件（76张）

Welcome to our class! 2020届二轮复习 定语从句 Can you describe the following pictures? the beautiful flowers the happy children 快乐的 孩子们 A violent baby ！ 暴力的 孩子啊 What is the attribute( 定语 )? 1.He is an honest boy.( 形容词） 2.The falling/fallen leaves are flying in the sky.( 现在 / 过去分词） 3. What ’ s your telephone number? （名词） 4.The boys on the playground are playing basketballs. （介词短语 ） 修饰名词和代词的成分，作定语的除了 形容词 外，还有 代词、数词、名词、介词短语 或相当于 形容词的词 或 短语等 。 Key words: 定语 : a beautiful flower 美丽的花 a tall boy 一位高个男孩 beautiful tall my teacher three boys clothes shop 服装店 the students in class 上课的学生们 The positions of the attribute : （ 定语的位置） 1. This is a flower basket. 2. This is a basket full of flowers . （ 单个的词作定语时要放于被修饰词的前面， 短语 作定语时要放于被修饰词的后面。） 看下列句子，是什么作定语呢？ 1.A plane is a machine that can fly .( 从句） 飞机是会飞的机器。 2. The foreigner who visited our school yesterday is from Canada. （从句） 昨天参观我们学校的外宾来自加拿大。 3. This is a basket that I want to put flowers in. （从句） 这就是我要放花的篮子。 是句子作定语 定语从句 句子作定语叫做 Grammar The Attributive Clause I （ that, which, who, whom, whose ） 一 . 定语从句的基本定义 ● 在 复合句 中，修饰 名词或代词 的 从句 叫定语从句。 ● 被修饰的 名词或代词 叫 先行词 。 一 . 定语从句的基本定义 ▲ 位置：定语从句通常紧跟在先行词之后。 ▲定语从句的结构 ： 先行词 + 关系词 + 从句 The boy who is reading is Tom. 先行词 关系代词 Hospital is a place where a doctor works . 先行词 关系副词 . 定语 -- 从 -- 句 修饰名词或代词的 名词 代词 关系词 具备有句子的基本成分 先行词 1. The teachers who are present at our class are all experienced teachers. 2. Our class is a big family which consists of 12 girls and 50 boys. 3. Yao Hui is the boy whose English study is very good in our class. 4. The school where we are studying is very famous. 5. As we all know, our school is 50 years old. where who whose As which 基础知识回顾： 关系词 的作用 1. 连接先行词与从句； 2. 替代先行词在从句中的位置； 3. 充当从句的成分 基础知识回顾 : 关系词及其意义 指代人 指代事物 所属关系 指地点 指时间 指原因 who, whom, that, as which, that, as whose where （ = 介词 +which ） when (= 介词 +which ） why (=for+which ） 关系代词 关系副词 归纳总结 三 . 关系代词的基本用法和注意点 三 . 1. 关系代词的基本用法 先行词 在定从中作主语 在定从中作宾语 在定从中作定语 人 who 、 that （ who 、 that 、 whom ） whose 物 which 、 that （ which 、 that ） whose 还有 as 指代 所做分 是否可省略 that 人；物 主语；宾语 作宾语可省 which 物 主语；宾语 作宾语可省 who 人 主语；宾语 作宾语可省 whom 人 宾语 可省 whose 人；物 定语 不可省 关系代词的用法 关系副词的用法 指代 所做成分 是否可省略 when 时间 状语 否 where 地点 状语 否 why 原因 状语 否 例句： (1) The boys ___________ are playing football are from Class One. (2) Yesterday I helped an old man _________ lost his way . (3)Children_________ eat a lot of sugar often have bad teeth. who, whom who/that who/that who/that (4) Mr. Liu is the person ____________________ you talked about on the bus . (5) Mr. Ling is just the boy _____________________ I want to see. （ who/that/whom ） （ who/that/whom ） (1) Football is a game ____________ is liked by most boys . （作主语） (2) This is the pen ________ he bought yesterday . （作宾语） that which/that (which/that) Whose 既可以指人，又可指物，在定语从句中做定语 , 表示 “ …… 人的”“ …… 物的” (1) The room _______ window faces south is mine. 窗户朝南的那个房间是我的。 (2) I once lived in a house _____ roof has fallen in. 我曾经住在屋顶倒塌的一个房子里。▲ whose 指物时，常用以下结构来代替：可用 of which 代替，但 语序 不同， 即 whose+ 名词 = the+ 名词 +of which ，或 = of which + the + 名词。如： whose whose (3) The classroom whose door is broken will soon be repaired.  = The classroom ________________is broken will soon be repaired. = The classroom _____________ _____ is broken will soon be repaired(4) Do you like the book whose cover is yellow? =Do you like the book ______________ is yellow? =Do you like the book _______________ is yellow? the door of which of which the door the cover of which of which the cover 考点与难点归纳 考点与难点归纳 1.that 与 which 2. 对 the way 的考查 3. 介词 + 关系词 4.as 的使用 5. 对 where 的考查 6. 综合考查 考点 难点 ▲关系代词 that 和 which ▲ 在定语从句中， that 和 which 常常可以互换，但是下列情况只用关系词 that , 而不宜用 which ；当然作宾语时可以省略。 考点 1 ： that 与 which 1. 先行词（ 从句所修饰的词）被 形容词最高级 或 序数词 修饰时 , 只能用 that 引导从句 . 1 ） This is the mos t interesting story ( that ) I have ever heard. 2 ） The first meeting (that) we will take part in will be held in the afternoon. 2. 先行词是 all, something, nothing, anything ， everything, little, few ， much, none , any, some 等 不定代词 时 , 只能用 that . 1) Here is something ( that) I will tell you. 我有事要告诉你。 2) Not all that glitters （闪烁） is gold. 发光的并非都是金子。 3 ） We haven ’ t got much (that ) we can offer you. 3. 先行词既有 人也有物 时 , 只能用 that 引出从句 1) I can remember well the persons and some pictures (that) I saw. 我清楚地记得我看到的人和照片。 2) They talked about the teachers and schools (that) they had visited. 4. 先行词被 all ,every, any,no ,one of, the only, the very, the right , last, just 等修饰，用 that 。 例如 : 1 ） Are there any questions that trouble you much? 还有你感到非常麻烦的问题吗？ 2 ） The only thing ( that) she could do was to go to the police for help. 她唯一能做的就是向警察求助。 5. 当主句已有疑问词 who 或 which 时，关系词用 that 1 ） Which is the bike (that ) you lost? 2 ） Who is the woman that was praised at the meeting? 6. 当 关系代词 在定语从句中作 to be 表语时 , 先行词无论指 人还是物 ，关系词用 that 。 例如： 1 ） Tom isn ’ t the boy that he used to be . 汤姆不再是过去的老样子了。 2 ） Shanghai is no longer the city that it used to be 。 上海不再时往昔的上海了。 7. 在 there be 结构中，当先行词指物时，关系词用 that 例句： ● There is a book on the desk ( that) I ’ m very interested in. 桌子上有本我非常感兴趣的书。 8. 句子中含有 两个定语从句 时，其中一个词已用 which , 为了避免重复，一般情况， 另一个宜用 that . 例如： ● They secretly built up a small factory which produces things that could cause pollution. 他们悄悄建了一个小工厂，生产可能造成污染的产品。 定语从句解题方法 : 关系词的选择 1. 先看先行词，确定人或物 2. 分析定语从句中的句子成分 3. 确定关系代词的人称和数 4. 注意 that 和 which 的特殊情况 【 特别提示 】 ： 关系代词在从句中作主语时，从句的谓语动词的 人称和数 必须与先行词保持一致。如： 1. Those who are against the plan put up your hands. 2.Tom is one of the students who were praised by the teacher yesterday . 3.Tom is the only one of the students who was praised by the teacher yesterday . He is one of those workers _________ able to do this job. A. who are B. whom is C. who is D. whom are He is the only one of those workers _________ able to do this job. A. who are B. whom is C. who is D. whom are ▲宜用 which 而不用 that 的情况 : 1. 当引导非限制定语从句时 。例如： Football, which is a very interesting game,is played all over the world. 足球，一项非常有趣的运动，在全世界得到普及。 2. 当关系代词前有介词时 。例如： This is the house in which he once lived. 这就是他曾经住过的房子。 3. 当先行词本身是 that 时 。例如： That which you told him about is what we want to know. 你告诉他的事情就是我们想知道的 。 ▲ 用 who, 而不用 that 的情况 ： 1. 先行词是 one(s),anyone, someone, no one, none, all ,those, nobody, anybody 等指人的不定代词时，关系词使用 who 1) Those who want to go to the Great Wall sign up here. 2) One who has nothing to fear oneself dares to tell the truth. 3) All who have studied this question have come to the same conclusion. 所有研究这个问题的人都得出了同样的结论。 2. 在 there be 句型中，先行词指人 , 关系词用 who 1 ） There is an old man who wants to see you. 2 ） There are many young men who are against him. 填上合适的关系词并分析原因 ： 1.The way _________________he explained the sentence to us was not difficult to understand. 2.The way _________________he explained to us quite simple. that/ which/ 不填 that/in which/ 不填 缺状语 缺宾语 考点 2 ：the way用做先行词 考点 3 ：介词 + 关系词 3. ______ is known to all, he is the best student. 4. Jim passed the driving test, _____ surprised everybody in the office. As which 难点一： as 的用法 asthatwhich 1. It is such a big stone _____ nobody can lift. 2. It is such a big stone _____ nobody can lift it. as that 归纳 ： as 引导限制性定语从句先行词前常被 such, the same, so, as 修饰，即构成 such…as , the same …as, so…as, 结构，做题时容易忽略。 as 在定语从句中应充当成分如：主语、宾语或表语。 模拟训练 ： 1 . He is such a lazy man_____ nobody wants to work with______. （ 04 模拟训练） A. as; him B. that; / C. as; / D. whom; him 2. Mrs. Black took the police back to____ place ____ she witnessed the robbery. A. the same; as B. the same; where C. the same ; that D. as the same; as （ 05 模拟训练） 3. as 与 which 引导定语从句 都能指代整句内容 ，但定语从句位于 句首 时，只能用 as, 意为“正如 、 恰如”。 当从句和主句语义一致时，用 as ，反之则用 which 。 e.g. She has married again, as was expected. She has married again, which was unexpected . 4. as 在从句中作主语时，后面常接行为动词的被动语态，如 be known，be said，be reported 等，如从句中行为动词是主动语态，一般要用 which 作主语。 e.g. She has been late again, as was expected. Tom has made great progress, which made us happy. 完成句子 1.（2010湖北）____________ many times, "serve people" is our first policy.(stress) 正如我们强调过很多次的那样，“为人民服务”是我们的首要方针。 A: As we have stressed 2. The explorer took only such men and things _____________ into the jungle.(need) 探险家只带那些他真正需要的人和东西去丛林。 A: as he really needed 3.He was late,_____________.（as）他又象往常一样迟到. A:as is often the case 4. ___________in my last leter,we can make our dreams come true by working hard.(mention) 正如我在上封信里提到的，我们可以通过努力学习来实现梦想。 A: As was mentioned 5.________ ,Einstein was a most distinguished scientist of the 20th century.(acknowledge) 爱因斯坦是20世纪的一个非常杰出的科学家，这一点已经得到公认。 A: As is universally/generally acknowledged 如何确定关系代词与副词？ **.There is no dictionary_____you can find . A.that B.which C.where D.in that **.There is no dictionary_____you can find everything. A.that B.which C.where D.in that C A 确定关系词的步骤：　　　 一先找关系词，看先行词指的是什么。　　 二看关系词在从句中所充当的成分。三看介词在何处 四看是否属特殊 一、先行词为"时间名词" 1) I’ll never forget the days ______________ I stayed in the countryside. 　I’ll never forget the days __________ gave me much happiness. 2) I still remember the day _______________ my brother joined the army. 　I still remember the days _________we spent together. 　 when( = in / at / on / during which) when(= during which) which/that when(= during which) which/that 3)We’re all looking forward to the Spring Festival, __________________we will make much fun. when(=during which) 二．先行词是 " 地点名词 " 　 1. This is the factory where /in which he worked last year. （缺状语， work 不及物动） This is the factory which/that he visited last year.( 缺宾语 ,visit 及物动） 　　 2.On graduation he asked to be sent to the place where he was needed ． ( 需要他的地方， where) where ( = in / at / on / from... which) 二．先行词是 " 地点名词 " 　 1. This is the factory where /in which he worked last year. （缺状语， work 不及物动） This is the factory which/that he visited last year.( 缺宾语 ,visit 及物动） 　　 2.On graduation he asked to be sent to the place where he was needed ． ( 需要他的地方， where) where ( = in / at / on / from... which) 当先行词为position, situation,condition ,occasions point part, stage,和case等表示抽象意义的词，常用where 引导，意思是“到了某种地步，在某种境况中”（前提是从句中缺少状语）。 　1.The treatment will continue until the patient reaches the point where he can walk correctly and safely. 　2.I think you have got to the point where a change is needed, or you would fail. 　3.He's got himself into a dangerous situation where he's likely to lose control of the plane. 　 难点二：一些特殊词之后的 where 1.We are trying to reach a point ____ both sides will sit down together and talk. （ 06 山东） A. which B. that C. where D. when 2. ---Do you have anything to say for yourself? ---Yes, there’s one point ____ we must insist on . （ 06 江西） A. why B. where C. how D. / 高考题链接： 做题要灵活：要分析句子成分，选择恰当的关系词。 0 ℃ is the freezing point __________.(turn) 零度是水变成冰的冰点。 A: where water turn into ice 2. I think this is a stage _______. In fact I think it is beneficial to the industry.(go) 我认为这是市场毕竟的一个阶段，实际上我认为这是有利于这个行业的。 A: (that/which) a market must go through wherethat 1.This is the library_____I borrowed the book. 2.It was from this library____I borrowed the book. where 定语从句 that 强调句型 综合考查一：定语从句与强调句 3. ---Where did you last see Mr. Smith? ---It was in the hotel____ I lived. A. that B. which C. where D. when 难点三 . 综合考查 近年来，高考对定语从句和其它从句如：强调句 、 名词性从句和状语从句等的综合考查越来越多，这就要求考生有扎实的基础知识和较强的综合分析能力。 综合考查二：定语从句与同位语从句 1. We all have heard the news_____ our team won. 2. We don’t believe the news _________ he told us yesterday. that that/which 综合考查 三 ：定语从句与 表 语从句 The place ____ the bridge is supposed to be built should be_____ the cross-river traffic is the heaviest. （ 05 江苏） A. which; where B. at which; which C. at which; where D. which; in which that/which 高考真题演练 1. By nine o'clock, all the Olympic torch bearers had reached the top of Mount Qomolangma, ___________ appeared a rare rainbow soon. （ 2008 福建） A. of which B. on which C. from which D. above which . 解析：原句应该是这样的： A rare rainbow soon appeared __________. 这里显然应该填上“ above Mount Qomolangma” 。我们可以将它改写为 above which 并用来连接这两个句子 2.The man pulled out a gold watch, __________ were made of small diamonds. (2008 陕西卷 )A. the hands of whom B. whom the hands of C. which the hands of D. the hands of which 解析：“表的指针”是用钻石造的。这里涉及到了所有关系。在定语从句中，对于事物的所有关系我们可以使用 whose + 名词， the + 名词 + of which 或 of which the + 名词这三种形式。 D 项符合 the + 名词 + of which 结构，所以是正确的。 3. I'll give you my friend's home address, _________ I can be reached most evenings. （ 08 北京卷） A. which B. when C. whom D. where 4. All the neighbors admire this family, _________the parents are treating their child like a friend. （ 2008 安徽卷） A. why B. where C. which D. that 这两道题非常相似。两句的先行词分别为 address 和 family ，后面的从句缺少地点状语，所以要用 in which 或 where 作为关系词连接。第 3 题稍微有些难度。首先，有些同学没有理解这句话的意思，“我会给你我朋友的家庭住址。在这个地址，大部分的晚上你都可以找到我”。后面的句子如果改写为“ you can reach me most evenings” 则更容易理解。 5. Those successful deaf dancers think that dancing is an activity ________ sight matters more than hearing. [ 2007 天津卷 ] A. when B. whose C. which D. where 6. We shouldn’t spent our money testing so many people,most of _____are healthy[2007 北京卷 ] A. that B.which C. what D. whom 7. By serving others, a person focuses on someone other than himself or herself, ___________ can be very eye-opening and rewarding. [2007 湖南卷 ] A. who B. which C. what D. that 对比训练与巩固 1. We should go to the place_____ we are most needed. 2. We should go to the place_____ needs us most. A. it B. where C. that D. what B C 3. It was October_____we met in Damiao for the first time. 4. It was in October_____we met in Damiao for the first time. A. that B. which C. when D. while C A 对比训练 5. He is such a good teacher_____ we all like him. 6. He is such a good teacher_____ we all like. A. whom B. that C. as D. which B C 7. The news came____ the British Queen’s mother celebrated her 101th birthday in good health, ____ isn’t surprising, because she lives an easy life and gets the best medical care. A. that; which B. which; which C. that; that D. when; as （ 05 模拟训练） 8.  He left the key ____he had been an hour before. He left the place ____ he lived for many years. A.which B where C the place which D.the place   (where 引导地点状语从句，相当于 in the place where) (where 引导定语从句，修饰 the place) 高考真题演练 1. By nine o'clock, all the Olympic torch bearers had reached the top of Mount Qomolangma, ___________ appeared a rare rainbow soon. （ 2008 福建） A. of which B. on which C. from which D. above which . 解析：原句应该是这样的： A rare rainbow soon appeared __________. 这里显然应该填上“ above Mount Qomolangma” 。我们可以将它改写为 above which 并用来连接这两个句子 2.The man pulled out a gold watch, __________ were made of small diamonds. (2008 陕西卷 )A. the hands of whom B. whom the hands of C. which the hands of D. the hands of which 解析：“表的指针”是用钻石造的。这里涉及到了所有关系。在定语从句中，对于事物的所有关系我们可以使用 whose + 名词， the + 名词 + of which 或 of which the + 名词这三种形式。 D 项符合 the + 名词 + of which 结构，所以是正确的。 3. I'll give you my friend's home address, _________ I can be reached most evenings. （ 08 北京卷） A. which B. when C. whom D. where 4. All the neighbors admire this family, _________the parents are treating their child like a friend. （ 2008 安徽卷） A. why B. where C. which D. that 这两道题非常相似。两句的先行词分别为 address 和 family ，后面的从句缺少地点状语，所以要用 in which 或 where 作为关系词连接。第 3 题稍微有些难度。首先，有些同学没有理解这句话的意思，“我会给你我朋友的家庭住址。在这个地址，大部分的晚上你都可以找到我”。后面的句子如果改写为“ you can reach me most evenings” 则更容易理解。 5. Those successful deaf dancers think that dancing is an activity ________ sight matters more than hearing. [ 2007 天津卷 ] A. when B. whose C. which D. where 6. We shouldn’t spent our money testing so many people,most of _____are healthy[2007 北京卷 ] A. that B.which C. what D. whom 7. By serving others, a person focuses on someone other than himself or herself, ___________ can be very eye-opening and rewarding. [2007 湖南卷 ] A. who B. which C. what D. that 9. Chan’s restaurant on Baker Street, ______ used to be poorly run, is now a successful business. [2007 浙江卷 ] A. that B. which C. who D. where 8. The thought of going back home was kept him happy while he was working abroad ． [2007 上海春 ] A ． that B ． all that C ． all what D ． which 10. Human facial expressions differ from those of animals in the degree ______ they can be controlled on purpose. [2007 重庆卷 ] A. with which B. to which C. of which D. for which 1. A. where B. which C.that D. the one E. x 1.Is this museum ___________they visited yesterday? 2.Is this the museum ________they visited yesterday? 3.Is this museum __________they stayed yesterday? 4.Is this the museum ________they stayed yesterday? 5.Is this museum __________you visited yesterday beautiful? 6.It was the museum _________you saw many treasures. 7.It was in the museum __________you saw many treasures. 8.It was in the museum ____________you dropped in that you saw many treasures.